Glossary for Kidney symptoms

Medical terms related to Kidney symptoms or mentioned in this section include:

• $10q Partial Trisomy$: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 - the genetic material occurs three times in body cells instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms may vary considerably depending on the exact location and size of the duplicated genetic material.
• $1q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $22q11.2 deletion syndrome$: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• $7p2 Monosomy Syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is one copy of the end of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material deleted.
• ACE Inhibitors - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that the use of ACE Inhibitors during pregnancy may cause a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• AIDS-Associated Nephropathy: Kidney disease associated with AIDS.
• Absent patellae - scrotal hypoplasia - renal anomalies - facial dysmorphism - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by absent kneecaps, underdeveloped scrotum, kidney anomalies, unusual facial appearance and mental retardation.
• Absorptive hypercalciuria syndrome: A rare disorder involving the excessive absorption of calcium by the intestines which increases the body's calcium levels and inhibits the functioning of the parathyroid gland.
• Acanthosis nigricans muscle cramps acral enlargement: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle cramps, dark velvety patches of skin and large hands and feet.
• Accelerated hypertension: Accelerated hypertension is a condition characterized by a rapid increase in blood pressure. The condition is a medical emergency which can cause organ damage if not treated promptly.
• Achard syndrome: An inherited connective tissue disorder characterized primarily by a short head, long, slender bones, recessed lower jaw and loose hand and foot joints.
• Acid-Base Imbalance: A disruption to the normal acid-base equilibrium in the body. There are four main groups of disorder involving an acid-base imbalance: respiratory acidosis or alkalosis and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Obviously the severity of symptoms is determined by the degree of imbalance.
• Acidosis: The accumulation of hydrogen ions or the depletion of the alkaline reserve in the body.
• Acorn poisoning: Acorns contain tannic acid which affects the metabolism of proteins and causing serious symptoms if large amounts are consumed. The amount of tannin in the acorn varies amongst species - higher tannin content results in a more bitter tasting acorn.
• Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease: Kidney disease causing kidney cysts.
• Acquired total lipodystrophy: A rare acquired disorder that involves adipose tissue abnormalities and is characterized by loss of adipose tissue through the body. The disorder is very similar to the congenital form but the liver involvement is more severe.
• Acro-reno-ocular syndrome: A disorder characterized by eye abnormalities, kidney defects and abnormalities of the arm and hand bones.
• Acrofacial dysostosis Rodriguez type: One of a group of disorders characterized by defective limb and facial development. The Rodriguez type is very rare and primarily involves severe limb and organ malformations.
• Acrofrontofacionasal dysostosis syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormalities of the bones of the skeleton as well as mental retardation. Various facial, eye and urogenital anomalies are also present.
• Acromegaly: An abnormal enlargement of the limbs due to increased secretion of growth hormone after the cessation of puberty
• Acrorenal syndrome: A rare lethal syndrome characterized limb anomalies and kidney malformations.
• Acute Pesticide poisoning - Triforine: Triforine is an ingredient used in certain herbicides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: A rare complication of pregnancy that can occur in the second half of the pregnancy. It is characterized by excessive fatty deposits in the liver which can be fatal without prompt diagnosis and treatment which involves delivering the baby as soon as possible.
• Acute intermittent porphyria: A rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by a disturbed porphyrin metabolism resulting in increased production of porphyrin or its precursors. Symptoms include abdominal pain, photosensitivity and neurological disturbances such as seizures, coma, hallucinations and respiratory paralysis.
• Acute kidney failure: The sudden and acute loss of kidney function
• Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: The association of a sudden kidney disorder with eye inflammation. Autoimmune processes are believed to be involved.
• Adams Nance syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, small eyes and the presence of excess glycine in the urine.
• Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency: A rare genetic disorder where an enzyme (2, 8-dihydroxyadenine) deficiency results in urinary tract stone formation.
• Adenoviridae Infections: Infection with a virus from the Adenoviridae family. The most common sites for infection are membrane linings such as the intestines, respiratory and urinary tract and the eyes. The infection may result in a range of symptoms depending on the particular virus involved. Transmission usually occurs through breathing in the germs or through fecal-oral contact. The infection is contagious.
• Adenovirus infection in immunocompromised patients: Infection with a virus from the Adenoviridae family that occurs in a patient with a weakened immune system. The infection in these people is serious and can be fatal. The infection may result in a range of symptoms depending on the particular virus involved. Transmission usually occurs through breathing in the germs or through fecal-oral contact.
• Adrenal Cancer: A malignant cancer that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids. Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms: A tumor that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids.
• Adrenal adenoma, familial: A benign tumor that develops in the adrenal gland and tends to run in families. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids . Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal gland hyperfunction: Excessive activity of the adrenal gland which causes excessive production of one or more adrenal hormones (aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine). The increased adrenal gland activity may be caused by an adrenal gland tumor or by excessive stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal incidentaloma: A tumor of the adrenal gland that is discovered incidentally while performing an imaging examination for reasons other than an adrenal tumor. The tumor may be asymptomatic or can causes excessive secretion of adrenal hormones and resulting symptoms. The tumor may also be malignant or benign.
• Adrenocortical carcinoma: A condition which is characterized by malignancy which affects the adrenocortex.
• Adverse reaction to chemical - 1,2-Dibromoethane: 1,2-Dibromoethane is a chemical used in gasoline, soil fumigants, fire extinguishers, flue gases and mechanical gauge fluid. Excessive exposure to this chemical can cause serious symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies amongst patients.
• Al Murrah-induced lead poisoning: Al Murrah is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat problems such as stomach pain, diarrhea and colic. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Alagille syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the liver and characterized by the absence of some or all of the liver bile ducts that transport bile within the liver.
• Alarcon-induced lead poisoning: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albayaidle-induced lead poisoning: Albayaidle is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican and Central American people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albayalde-induced lead poisoning: Albayalde is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican and Central American people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: An immune reaction to the ingestion of a drug called allopurinol. It is a potentially fatal disorder.
• Alport Syndrome: A rare hereditary disorder involving the progressive deterioration of parts of the kidney resulting in chronic kidney disease.
• Alport syndrome - mental retardation - midface hypoplasia - elliptocytosis: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of Alport syndrome, mental retardation, underdeveloped midface and a blood abnormality (elliptocytosis). Alport syndrome is an inherited condition involving progressive kidney damage and hearing loss.
• Alport syndrome with leukocyte inclusions and macrothrombocytopenia: A rare condition characterized by the presence of large blood platelets, kidney inflammation, deafness and abnormal leukocytes. End-stage kidney disease occurs in about a third of patients and tends to occur during the 3rd and 4th decades of life.
• Alport syndrome with macrothrombocytopenia: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by progressive kidney damage and hearing loss as well as macrothrombocytopenia.
• Alport syndrome, dominant type: A rare syndrome characterized by kidney problems and hearing loss. The condition is inherited as a dominant trait.
• Alport syndrome, recessive type: A rare syndrome characterized by kidney problems and hearing loss. The condition is inherited as a recessive trait.
• Alsing syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney problems, skeletal abnormalities and a hole in the coloboma of the eye.
• Alstrom syndrome: A rare, hereditary genetic disorder which is progressive. Initial symptoms in infants are usually extreme light sensitivity, wobbling of the eyes and sometimes dilated dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Young children quickly gain weight and become obese and as they get older, multiple organ systems may be affected causing blindness, hearing loss, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, liver disease, urological dysfunction, pulmonary fibrosis and renal failure.
• Amelogenesis Imperfeca, Hypoplastic, and Nephrocalcinosis: A rare disorder involving abnormal tooth development and kidney problems.
• Amniotic Bands: A rare condition where abnormal fetal development occurs when bands of tissue encircle parts of the fetus and affect the growth of that portion. The band of tissue develops from the internal womb lining. The location of the band on the fetus determines the symptoms and the seriousness of the condition.
• Amyloidosis: A disease characterized by the accumulation of insoluble amyloid protein in tissues and organs which in turn affects the functioning of these tissues and organs.
• Amyloidosis AL: A disease involving the abnormal deposit of amyloid fibrils in virtually any part of the body - the heart, liver, kidney and peripheral and autonomic nerves are most commonly affected. The abnormal amyloid fibrils are produced abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. In some cases, the excess growth of abnormal plasma cells can result in a cancerous condition called myeloma resulting in bone pain and infections. A patient with myeloma may develop amyloidosis but it is rare for a patient with AL amyloidosis to go on to develop myeloma.
• Amyloidosis, Familial: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage. In the familial form, the type of amyloid involved is usually a plasma protein called transthyretin. The main parts of the body affected are the nerves, heart and kidneys.
• Amyloidosis, Inherited: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage. In the inherited form, the type of amyloid involved is usually a plasma protein called transthyretin. The main parts of the body affected are the nerves, heart and kidneys.
• Amyloidosis, familial visceral: A rare genetic disorder involving widespread amyloidosis (abnormal buildup of amyloid protein in tissues) which tends the affect the kidneys severely.
• Amyloidosis, inflammatory: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage and is potentially fatal. Symptoms depend on the organs involved. Secondary amyloidosis is caused by a chronic infection of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, tuberculosis and osteomyelitis. The main organs affected in secondary amyloidosis are usually the kidneys, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The peripheral and autonomic nerves and the heart are rarely affected.
• Analgesic nephropathy syndrome: Kidney damage caused by excessive use of pain-killing drugs. Aspirin and phenacetin mixtures are the most common causes.
• Analgesic syndrome: The use of large quantities of pain-killer drugs can sometimes cause serious kidney damage as well as various other problems.
• Angiomyolipoma: A rare, benign growth that usually occurs in the kidney. It is usually asymptomatic unless it becomes large or starts bleeding. It is usually associated with tuberous sclerosis.
• Angiopathy, hereditary, with nephropathy, aneurysms and muscle cramps: An inherited disorder characterized by kidney disease, aneurysms, blood vessel disease and muscle cramps which can last from seconds to minutes.
• Anorexia Nervosa: A disorder where a distorted sense of body image leads to self-starvation to the point of death in some cases.
• Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated disease: A kidney disorder involving varying degrees of kidney impairment. Severe cases lead to kidney failure whereas mild cases have normal kidney function.
• Antiphospholipid syndrome: An autoimmune disorder characterized by blood clots and pregnancy losses.
• Aortic supravalvular stenosis: A rare congenital condition involving increased intestinal calcium absorption and characterized by development delay, distinctive facial features, small nails and short stature.
• Apparent mineralocorticoid excess: A form of inherited high blood pressure that starts during early childhood. The condition results from a genetic defect which causes impaired metabolism of cortisol.
• Argentinean hemorrhagic fever: An infectious disease caused by the Junin virus. Transmission can occur through contact with infected rodent (usually the corn mouse) urine, feces or saliva. The incubation period lasts from one to two weeks. The disease is most common in rural workers in Argentina.
• Aristolochic Acid poisoning: Aristolochic acid is derived from a forest herb from the Aristocholochia family. It is often used in herbal preparations such as Aristolochia Fang Ch, Bragantia and Asarum. It is usually used in herbal preparations to promote weight loss. The substance is believed to cause kidney failure and urinary tract cancer.
• Armani-Ebstein nephropathy: Abnormal deposits of glycogen in the kidneys that occurs in diabetics with very high levels of sugar in the blood and urine.
• Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy: A rare disorder where a non-progressive muscle disease results in the presence of multiple joint contractures at birth.
• Atherosclerosis, premature - deafness - diabetes mellitus - photomyoclonus - nephropathy - degenerative neurologic disease: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, diabetes, epilepsy, kidney disease and premature hardening of the arteries.
• Atresia of urethra: A rare congenital malformation where the urethra ends blindly which makes it unuseable by the body to eliminate urine. This usually results in death unless surgical intervention provides alternative communication between the bladder and the amniotic sac. In rare cases, there is an abnormal opening between the bladder and the rectum which allow the urine to drain. The inability of the fluid to pass out of the body of the fetus results in a reduced amount of amniotic fluid which in turn affects the development of the lungs.
• Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: A rare condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney failure that has no obvious cause.
• Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease: Severe form of PKD, a genetic kidney disease.
• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Genetic kidney disease causing kidney cysts.
• Axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum: A variable range of defects that occur during fetal development. The defect occurs at a cellular level and affects the way various parts of the body develop.
• Azarcon-induced lead poisoning: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• BEEC: A rare syndrome characterized by a birth defect where the bladder is inside out and protrudes from the lower abdominal wall. The urethra and genitals are also abnormally formed. The degree of malformation is variable.
• BOR syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by hearing loss, kidney malformations and branchial arch anomalies. There are two subtypes with different genetic defect origins.
• BOR-Duane hydrocephalus contiguous gene syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by an eye movement disorder (Duane syndrome), abnormal trapezius muscle (runs from neck to shoulder), hydrocephalus and BOR syndrome (branchio-oto-renal syndrome with branchial, eye and kidney abnormalities).
• Ba Bow Sen-induced lead poisoning: Ba Bow Sen is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat childhood hyperactivity and to alleviate nightmares. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Babesiosis: A protozoal infection which is transmitted to human via the bite of certain ticks.
• Bacterial endocarditis: Infection and inflammation of the inner layers of the heart, most commonly the valves cause by bacteria.
• Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome: A very rare, potentially fatal infection caused by toxins produced by bacteria, especially bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The condition is often associated with tampon use but can originate from other sources.
• Bali goli-induced lead poisoning: Bali goli (flat black bean) is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian and Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Barakat syndrome: A rare condition characterized by deafness, kidney disease and insufficiency parathyroid hormone production.
• Bardet-Biedl Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 1 is caused by a defect in chromosome 11q13.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 10: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 10 is caused by a defect in chromosome 12q.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 11: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 11 is caused by a defect in chromosome 9q33.1.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 12: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 12 is caused by a defect in chromosome 4q27.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 2 is caused by a defect in chromosome 16q21.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 3 is caused by a defect in chromosome 3p12-q13.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 4: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 4 is caused by a defect in chromosome 15q22.3.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 5: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 5 is caused by a defect in chromosome 2q31.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 6: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 6 is caused by a defect in chromosome 20p12.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 7: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 7 is caused by a defect in chromosome 4q27.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 8: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 8 is caused by a defect in chromosome 14q32.11.
• Bardet-Biedl syndrome, type 9: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation, obesity, polydactyly and retinal pigmentation as well as other abnormalities. Type 9 is caused by a defect in chromosome 7p14.
• Bartter Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder of kidney metabolism characterized by reduced blood acidity and low potassium levels.
• Bartter's syndrome, antenatal type 1: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the NKCC2 gene impairs the functioning of the Na-Cl cotransporter and leads to electrolyte imbalance. The rate of death is high prior to diagnosis.
• Bartters syndrome, antenatal , type 2: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the ROMK gene impairs the ATP-regulated potassium channel functioning and leads to electrolyte imbalance.
• Benazepril - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Benazepril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: Non-cancerous prostrate enlargement common with aging
• Bernheim's syndrome: Reduced size of right heart ventricle due to enlargement of the left ventricle which encroaches on the space in the right ventricle. Blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle is obstructed.
• Bint Al Zahab-induced lead poisoning: Bint Al Zahab is a folk remedy used by various ethnic groups (e.g. Indians, Saudi Arabians) to treat infant colic and to facilitate the passage of meconium in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Blue Diaper Syndrome: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by vision problems, bluish urine, fever and digestive anomalies.
• Body skin hyperlaxity due to vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor deficiency: A rare inherited connective tissue disorder caused by a deficiency of a blood coagulation factor.
• Boichis syndrome: A rare syndrome involving nephronophthisis (progressive destruction of kidney tissue) from birth which leads to kidney failure and liver fibrosis.
• Bokhoor-induced lead poisoning: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Bolivian hemorrhagic fever: An infectious disease that occurs in Bolivia and is caused by the Machupo virus. Transmission can occur through contact with infected rodent (Calomys callosus) droppings. The incubation period lasts from one to two weeks.
• Boston Ivy poisoning: The leaves of the Boston Ivy plant oxalates which is toxic to humans. The severity of symptoms depends on the quantity of leaves consumed. Skin symptoms can also occur if the skin comes into contact with the leaves.
• Bosviel syndrome: A rare condition where a blood blister on the uvula ruptures. It often occurs as a complication of tracheal intubation.
• Boutonneuse fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Brachycephalofrontonasal dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by widely spaced eyes and other head and face abnormalities.
• Brachymesomelia-renal syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by kidney abnormalities and forearm and lower leg deformity. The condition describes a single reported case.
• Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome, type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal kidney development and varying degrees of hearing impairment. Type 2 involves a defect on the SIX5 gene on chromosome 19q13.3.
• Bright's Disease: A condition where the parts of the kidneys that are responsible for filtering become inflamed and results in blood and proteins accidentally leaking into the urine. The condition can occur after certain infections and serious kidney dysfunction can result in severe or chronic complications.
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A condition which is characterized by dysplasia of the brochopulmonary vessels
• Brosnan Syndrome: A very rare syndrome described in two sisters. The condition involved a variety of abnormalities including short stature and kidney and reproductive anomalies.
• Brown Recluse spider poisoning: The Brown Recluse spider is poisonous and is found mainly in southern and central areas of the US.
• Brown snake poisoning: The Brown snake is a poisonous Australian snake. They are considered one of the most venomous snakes in the world and their bite can result in death without prompt medical attention. The snake venom contains toxins which affect the blood and nerve systems. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
• Bruch's disease: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Budd chiari syndrome: A disorder where the main vein leaving the liver becomes blocked leading to symptoms such as liver enlargement and fluid buildup in the abdomen. Also called Chiari's syndrome or Rokitansky's disease.
• Bulimia nervosa: Eating disorder with binging (overeating) and purging (vomiting).
• Burnett's milk drinker's syndrome: Burnett's milk drinker's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Burnett's syndrome: Burnett's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Buttercup poisoning: The buttercup plant contains a toxic compound called protoanemonin. The plant is most toxic while it is flowering with the sap being poisonous portion of the plant. Poisoning by eating the plant is unlikely due to the fact that skin contact is quite painful.
• Buttiens-Fryns syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a small jaw, small mouth and defects involving the hands and feet.
• Bywaters' syndrome: A trauma or accident involving the crushing of soft tissues and associated symptoms. Severe cases can result in death.
• CHARGE Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by choanal atresia, coloboma, ear and genital abnormalities and congenital heart defects.
• COACH syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by ataxia, gaps or holes in various eye structures, mental retardation, liver fibrosis and brain abnormalities.
• Capillary leak syndrome with monoclonal gammopathy: A rare condition characterized by leaky blood vessels and an increased level of certain blood proteins (monoclonal gammopathy). Monoclonal gammopathy itself does not cause any symptoms unless it develops into plasma cell leukemia. The condition may vary from mild to severe enough to cause death.
• Captopril - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Captopril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Carnevale-Canun-Mendoza syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by loss of bone tissue in the wrists and ankles as well as kidney problems.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 deficiency: A very rare inherited deficiency of a particular enzyme (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase) which prevents fatty acids being transported to the part of the cell that converts it to energy. There are two main subtypes of the disorder with each involving a slightly different form of the enzyme. Type I can be readily managed through diet. Type II has three subtypes: the myopathic form affects mainly the muscles; the hepatocardiomuscular form affects the liver and heart muscle; and the lethal neonatal form affects muscles and organs and usually results in death during the first year of life.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency, lethal neonatal form: A very rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (CPT II) prevents muscle fats being converted to energy. The lethal neonatal form affects various organs as well as the muscles and death usually occurs during the first year of life.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency: A very rare inherited deficiency of a particular enzyme (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase) which prevents fatty acids being transported to the part of the cell that converts it to energy. There are two main subtypes of the disorder with each involving a slightly different form of the enzyme. Type I can be readily managed through diet. Type II has three subtypes: the myopathic form affects mainly the muscles; the hepatocardiomuscular form affects the liver and heart muscle; and the lethal neonatal form affects muscles and organs and usually results in death during the first year of life.
• Caroli Disease: A rare disorder where the bile ducts inside the liver become enlarged resulting in infection, irritation and gallstone formation.
• Cat Eye Syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving abnormalities of chromosome 22 and characterized by coloboma of the iris, down-slanting palpebral fissures and anal atresia.
• Caterpillar-induced bleeding syndrome: Caterpillars from the Lonomia genus have spines along their body which can penetrate human skin and cause blood coagulation problems. The severity of the symptoms vary depending on the degree of envenomation but serious cases can result in death.
• Caterpillar-induced bleeding syndrome - Lonomia achelous: Lonomia achelous caterpillars are native to Northern Brazil and Venezuela. They have spines along their body which can penetrate human skin and cause blood coagulation problems. The severity of the symptoms vary depending on the degree of envenomation but serious cases can result in death.
• Caterpillar-induced bleeding syndrome - Lonomia obliqua: Lonomia obliqua caterpillars are native to Southern Brazil and have spines along their body which can penetrate human skin and cause blood coagulation problems. The severity of the symptoms vary depending on the degree of envenomation but serious cases can result in death.
• Cayler syndrome: A very rare disorder involving heart defects and abnormalities involving the lower lip muscle.
• Cebagin-induced lead poisoning: Cebagin is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Cephalothoracic progressive lipodystrophy: A rare acquired disorder that involves adipose tissue abnormalities and is characterized by loss of adipose tissue mainly in the trunk and arms.
• Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia - oligophrenia - congenital ataxia - coloboma - hepatic fibrosis: A very rare syndrome characterized by ataxia, gaps or holes in various eye structures, mental retardation, liver fibrosis and brain abnormalities.
• Cerebro oculo skeleto renal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain, eye, skeletal and kidney abnormalities.
• Cerebrorenodigital syndrome: A rare group of syndromes characterized mainly by brain, kidney, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Chemical poisoning - 1,1-Dichloroethene: 1,1-Dichloroethene is a chemical used in packaging, food wraps, carpet backing, adhesives and steel pipe coating. The main effects of an overdose of this chemical central nervous depression and central nervous system depression. However, some people can suffer an adverse reaction to the chemical. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine: 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a chemical used mainly in jet fuel and rocket fuel, plant growth agent, photography and various other industrial uses. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane: 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane is a chemical used in soil fumigants and as a nematocide for various field crops. Commercial examples include Fumagon, Nemagon, Fumazone, Nemapax, Nemafume. Excessive exposure to this chemical can cause relatively mild symptoms. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the route of exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 1,2-Dibromoethane: 1,2-Dibromoethane is a chemical used in gasoline, soil fumigants, fire extinguishers, flue gases and mechanical gauge fluid. Excessive exposure to this chemical can cause serious symptoms. Some people can suffer an adverse reaction to the chemical. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 1,4-Dioxane: 1,4-Dioxane is a chemical used mainly as a reagent in laboratries and as a solvent in chemical processing. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene: 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is a chemical used mainly as an explosive agent and in the production of dyes and photographic chemicals. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 2-acetylaminofluorene: 2-acetylaminofluorene is a chemical originally developed for use as a pesticide but this failed due to its carcinogenic properties. It is now primarily used in carcinogenic and mutagenic studies. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acetylsalicylic Acid: Acetylsalicylic Acid is also known as aspirin and is primarily used to relieve pain, fever and inflammation. Excessive exposure to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Aldrin: Aldrin is a chemical once used mainly in insecticides for crops and as a termite preventative. The chemical can readily be absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Allyl chloride: Allyl chloride is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of epichlorohydrin and glycerin but is also used in the production of products such as polyester, varnish plastic adhesive, insecticides, perfumes and pharmaceuticals. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Aluminum: Aluminum is a chemical used mainly for metallurgical purposes and can be found in packaging, electrical parts, vehicles, cooking utensils, construction materials and building components. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ammonium Bifluoride: Ammonium Bifluoride is a chemical used wheel cleaners, herbicides and in the manufacture of magnesium. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Aniline: Aniline is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of perfumes, varnishes, resins, dyes, paint removers, herbicides, fungicides, explosives, solvents and photographic chemicals. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Anti-rust products: Anti-rust products contain various chemicals which are toxic if ingested. The ingested chemicals can continue to cause damage to the organs and gastrointestinal lining for weeks after the ingestion and severe cases can result in death. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Arsine: Arsine is a chemical used in the making of semiconductors and in the metal refining industry. It is considered a possible chemical agent in chemical warfare. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Borates: Borate is a chemical used in a wide variety of products - herbicides, paints, insecticides, rodenticides and various personal products such as skin creams, toothpastes and powders. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromates: Bromate is a chemical used mainly in perming solution neutralizers and in small amounts as a bread preservative. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromoform: Bromoform is a chemical with limited industrial uses but is used as a laboratory chemical and can be present in treated water. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Camphor: Camphor is a chemical used mainly in moth repellents, pharmaceuticals (preservative) cosmetics, explosives, varnishes and various therapeutic applications. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbon Disulfide: Carbon Disulfide is a chemical used mainly in corrosion inhibitors, cold and nickel plating, photography applications and as a solvent in gums and resins. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbon Tetrachloride: Carbon tetrachloride is a chemical used mainly in grain fumigants, insecticides and in the production of fluorocarbons. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Castor oil: Castor oil is a type of vegetable oil often used in medicinal or therapeutic products that improve bowel functioning. However, excessive ingestion of castor oil can cause various symptoms.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlordane: Chlordane is a poison use to control termites - is banned in the US and many other countries due to its harmful effects. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlordecone: Chlordecone is an insecticide used to control pests in crops such as bananas and tobacco. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chloromethane: Chloromethane is a chemical used mainly in the production of silicones as well as agricultural chemicals, butyl rubber and other products. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cresols: Cresols are a group of chemicals that occur naturally in mammals and various plants. It is also manufactured and used in the production of disinfectants, deodorizers and pesticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cresylic acid: Cresylic acids are a group of chemicals that are used as solvents and in the manufacture of various products such as deodorants, disinfectants, pesticides, glues, paints, herbicides, pharmaceuticals as well as others. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dieldrin: Dieldrin is a chemical used mainly to prevent termite infestations. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. This chemical may be absorbed readily through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Diethylene Glycol: Diethylene Glycol is a chemical used mainly in coolants, manufacture of plastic products and resins as well as other uses. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether: Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether is a chemical used in a variety of applications: cleaning agents, solvent, manufacture of dyes, rubber, soap and printing products . Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimethylnitrosamine: Dimethylnitrosamine is a chemical used mainly as a solving in the manufacture of plastics, rubbers, lubricants and rocket fuel. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dinitrocresol: Dinitrocresol is a chemical used mainly as a herbicide and fungicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Diquat Dibromide: Diquat Dibromide is a chemical used mainly in herbicides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ether: Ether is a chemical used mainly as an anesthetic and industrial solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylene Dichloride: Ethylene Dichloride is a chemical used mainly in fat solvents and as a fumigant. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylene Glycol: Ethylene Glycol is a chemical used mainly in antifreeze, coolants and as a solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. Symptoms tend to occur in three phases: the first 12 hours involves inebriation, seizuresand brain swelling; the second and third day involves deterioration of lung and heart function and the third stage involves kidney damage and possibly failure. Death can occur during any of the stages.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethyleneamine: Ethyleneamine is a chemical which is widely used in the manufacture of products such as adhesive, paper, textiles, fuels, lubricants, varnishes, lacquers, coating resins, cosmetics, photographic chemicals and agricultural chemicals. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylenediamine: Ethylenediamine is a chemical used mainly as a solvent in the manufacturing process for the production of things such as fungicides, waxes, gasoline additives and pharmaceuticals. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Gasoline: Gasoline is a chemical used as a fuel for combustion engines. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Glaze: Glazes are used to put a shiny finish on various surfaces such as pottery. Glazes contain chemicals such as lead and zinc oxide which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are eaten. The chemicals cause damage to the gastrointestinal lining and the damage may continue for weeks after the poison was ingested. Death can result in severe cases. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Glyphosate: Glyphosate is a chemical used mainly in herbicides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hexabromobiphenyl: Hexabromobiphenyl is a chemical used mainly in fire retardant in thermoplastics found in such things as electrical equipment, car upholstery and motor housing.. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hydrazine: Hydrazine is a chemical used mainly in rocket fuel, photography, laboratory chemical, corrosion inhibitor, mirror silvering and in the production of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Jet Fuel-4: Jet Fuel-4 is an aviation turbine fuel used by the US military. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Lead-containing Paint: Lead pain contains lead as well as other harmful chemicals. The lead in the pain is toxic (especially to young children) and ingesting fresh or old paint can cause serious symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Manganese: Manganese is a chemical used mainly in fertilizers, welding rods, matches, electrical coils, ceramics and animal food additives. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methanol: Methanol is a chemical used mainly in fuel, paint removers, solvent, antifreeze and in the production process of many other products. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Mirex: Mirex is a chemical used mainly to control fire ants but also other insecticides such as mealy bugs. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Morpholine: Morpholine is a chemical used in a variety of applications: rubber industry, corrosion inhibitor, pharmaceuticals, dyes, crop pesticides and as a solvent in various manufacturing processes. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Paraphenylenediamine: Paraphenylenediamine is a chemical used mainly in photographic developing solutions, hair dye, photocopying and printing ink, black rubber, grease, temporary tattoos and car cosmetics. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pentachlorophenol: Pentachlorophenol is a chemical used mainly in fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, molluscicides, algicides and bactericides. It is commonly used as a wood preservative. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phenol: Phenol is a chemical used mainly in the production of fertilizer, explosives, rubber, paint, paint remover, perfumes, asbestos products, wood preservatives, resins, textiles, pharmaceuticals and drugs. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosphine: Phosphine is a chemical used mainly in pesticides and rodenticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Polyethylene Glycol - Low Molecular Weight: Low molecular weight polyethylene glycol is a chemical used mainly in hair products, cosmetics, topical medications and in Lava lamps. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyrimidifen: Pyrimidifen is a chemical used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Sodium Monofluoroacetate: Sodium Monofluoroacetate is a chemical used mainly as a rodenticides, often to control mammal pests in crops. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Solder: Solder contains various chemicals and heavy metals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Thallium Sulfate: Thallium Sulfate is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of switches and closures in the semiconductor industry. It has historically also been used as a rodenticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Toluene: Toluene is a chemical used mainly in pesticides, degreasers, glues and pain removers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Triethylene Glycol: Triethylene Glycol is a chemical used mainly in brake fluid. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tungsten: Tungsten is an element used mainly in light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes, electrodes, superalloys, heating elements and various other high temperature uses. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Uranium: Uranium is an element used mainly in commercial nuclear power plants. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - White Phosphorus: White Phosphorus is a chemical used mainly in fertilizers, water treatment, rodenticides and insecticides (for cockroaches). Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Cholera: An acute bacterial disease transmitted through food or water contaminated with human faeces. The intestinal infection is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
• Cholestatic jaundice -renal tubular insufficiency: A very rare syndrome characterized by liver and kidney problems.
• Chromium toxicity: Excessive consumption of chromium can cause symptoms of toxicity.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1q4: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as facial dysmorphism, retarded fetal growth, seizures, mental retardation, testicular problems and kidney defects.
• Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 resulting in variable abnormalities.
• Chromosome 10p duplication/10q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a section of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 is duplicated and a section of the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12, Isochromosome 12p Mosaic: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 13 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 13 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. Most die within months and there are few survivors after 10 years.
• Chromosome 15 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 15 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 15q, deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15.
• Chromosome 17p, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 17q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 19p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm of chromosome 19 is duplicated resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 1q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 20 ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 20 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 21 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22 trisomy mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder where three copies of chromosome 22 are present in some of the body's cells instead of the normal two. Severity of symptoms is determined by how many cells have the extra chromosomal material.
• Chromosome 22, microdeletion 22q11: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm of chromosome 22 is deleted.
• Chromosome 22, trisomy: A very rare disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 22 in all the body cells. The condition is usually fatal soon after birth or during the fetal stage.
• Chromosome 22q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is duplicated.
• Chromosome 3, monosomy 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 3 is absent and is characterized by mental and growth deficiency, drooping upper eyelid and polydactyly.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 5, Trisomy 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 5p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 6, trisomy 6p: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 6 is duplicated resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 7, Monosomy 7p2: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is one copy of the end of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 7, terminal 7p deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is one copy of the end of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy mosaic: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 7 in some of the body's cells. Most cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Chromosome 8 recombinant syndrome: A rare recombinant chromosomal disorder involving chromosome 8 which results in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8, trisomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 8q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 9 inversion or duplication: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of chromosome 9 is inverted or duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 9/mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder where chromosome 9 is duplicated in some of the body's cells resulting in various abnormalities determined by the type and number of cells that contain the extra genetic material.
• Chromosome 9p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is four copies of the short arm of chromosome 9 instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chronic kidney pain: renal related etiologies
• Chronic pyelonephritis: chronic pyelonephritis is persistent kidney inflammation that can scar the kidneys and may lead to chronic renal failure
• Chuifong tokuwan-induced lead poisoning: Chuifong tokuwan is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to arthritis and other pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Classic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: A condition which is characterized by the formation of an acidosis due to a problem with the renal distal tubule
• Cocaine overdose: Cocaine is an illegal and highly addictive recreational drug. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10), deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the deficiency of Coenzyme Q 10. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency of: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (CoQ-Cytochrome C reductase) disrupts cellular processes. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. The deficiency may result in a variety of symptoms and conditions of variable severity such as cardiomyopathy, fatal infant conditions and Leber's myopathy.
• Coffin-Lowry syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by down slanting space between eyelids, bulbous nose, soft hands and tapering fingers.
• Colchicine poisoning: Ingestion of toxic quantities of colchicines. Colchicine is primarily used as a medicinal theapy for conditions such as gout and familial Mediterranean fever, scleroderma, secondary amyloidosis and pericarditis. The chemical is a natural chemical found in a plant called meadow saffron and ingestion of the plant can also result in poisoning. The plant is found in the northern parts of the world.
• Colchicine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Collagen type III glomerulopathy: A rare progressive form of kidney disease characterized by the abnormal deposits of type III collagen in the kidneys. The severity and rate of progression of the condition is variable.
• Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized by an eye anomaly (gap in eye structures such as choroids and retina) and abnormal development of the midline structure of the brain (cerebellar vermis aplasia).
• Complement component deficiency: Complement components are a part of the immune defense system involved in destroying and removing invading pathogens such as bacteria. A deficiency of the complement components can affect the ability of the body's immune system to function properly. The disorder which can be partial or complete and may be inherited or acquired. The severity of the symptoms is determined by which complement component (there are at least 30 of them) is deficient and whether the deficiency is partial or complete.
• Congenital chloride diarrhea: A rare birth disorder where the intestines don't absorb electrolytes properly (especially chloride) which leads to electrolyte imbalance which is potentially fatal if untreated. Symptoms often start while the infant is still inside the womb.
• Congenital hepatic fibrosis: A rare inherited birth disorder characterized by fibrosis (scarring) of the liver which affects its ability to function. The severity of the condition is variable with some patients being symptomatic during infancy while others may be asymptomatic for most of their life.
• Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: A benign congenital kidney tumor.
• Congenital microgastria limb reduction defect: A rare syndrome characterized by micrograstia and limb reduction as well as other abnormalities.
• Congenital sucrose-isomaltose malabsorption: A rare disorder where a congenital deficiency of an enzyme (sucrase-isomaltase) prevents the absorption of sucrase and isomaltose consumed in the diet.
• Conor's disease: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Conorenal Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by kidney failure, abnormal bone development (cone-shaped epiphyses), eye problems and ataxia.
• Cope's syndrome: Cope's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia. Severe cases can lead to impaired kidney function (Burnett's syndrome).
• Copper poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to copper.
• Cor pulmonale: Right ventricular enlargement and failure caused by pulmonary hypertension.
• Cordyceps-induced lead poisoning: Cordyceps is a folk remedy by Chinese people to treat high blood pressure, bleeding problems and diabetes. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome 1: A very rare disorder involving delayed physical development and various malformations involving the head, face and limbs. Type 1 is more severe than type 2 though the range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Cortes-Lacassie syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by nail, hair and teeth abnormalities, malformed hands and feet and seizures. The disorder has only been reported in one cause which resulted in death at 31 months
• Craniofrontonasal syndrome Teebi type: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by widely spaced eyes and other head and face abnormalities.
• Craniostenosis with congenital heart disease mental retardation: A very rare disorder characterized mainly by premature fusion of the sagittal skull bones, mental retardation and heart disease that is present at birth. The disorder generally involves other variable features.
• Craniosynostosis mental retardation clefting syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by premature fusion of the skull bones (craniosynostosis), mental retardation a cleft lip and/or palate.
• Crohn's disease: Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive system. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease. The disease can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ileum.
• Cryoglobulinemia: These are immune cells that precipitate in the cold and redissolve on warming.
• Crystal deposit disease: A group of diseases characterized by the deposit of crystals in body tissues. Some examples of such disorders includes scleroderma, dermatomyositis, arthritis and kidney disease. The severity and type of symptoms depend on the nature and location of the crystals deposited.
• Crystal meth addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crystal meth on a regular basis. Crystal meth is a powerful stimulant used illegally for its effects. It is highly addictive and known by street names such as ice, speed, glass, crank and chalk. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Cushing-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of Cushing's disease
• Cutler Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by multisystem disorders including muscle wasting, ataxia, epilepsy, anemia and kidney disease. The kidney disease is most likely present at birth.
• Cystic hamartoma of lung and kidney: A very rare condition characterized mainly by benign cysts in the lungs and kidneys.
• Cystinuria: A rare inherited condition characterized by the abnormal transport of various amino acids (cystine, lysine, arginine, ornithine) resulting in excess amounts in the urinary system where it can form stones.
• Cystitis: Bladder infection or inflammation
• Cytochrome C Oxidase Deficiency: Cytochrome C oxidase deficiency is a rare inherited condition involving insufficient quantities of the cytochromc C oxidase enzyme. This enzyme plays a role in the functioning of the energy producing part of body cells (mitochondria) and its deficiency impairs the energy-producing functions of the cells. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on which particular cells in the body are affected and the degree of the enzyme deficiency. In some cases only skeletal muscles are affected whereas in other cases organs such as the heart and brain are involved. In other cases, the whole body may be involved.
• Cytochrome c oxydase deficiency, French-Canadian type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Cytomegalovirus: A easily transmissible viral infection that is common but generally causes no symptoms except in infants and people with weakened immune systems.
• D-minus hemolytic uremic syndrome (D-HUS) - familial: A rare condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney failure. The familial type is not associated with diarrhea and is inherited. Autosomal recessive cases usually start early in life whereas autosomal dominant cases can occur at any age.
• D-minus hemolytic uremic syndrome (D-HUS) - pregnancy related: A rare condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney failure. This type is not associated with diarrhea and is triggered by pregnancy.
• Daentl-Townsend-Siegel syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized blue sclerae, kidney disease and fluid buildup in the skull.
• Daentl-Towsend-Siegel syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized blue sclerae, kidney disease and fluid buildup in the skull.
• Dahlberg syndrome: A rare condition characterized by hypoparathyroidism, nephropathy, congenital lymphedema, mitral valve prolapse and short end bones in fingers and toes.
• Danubian endemic familial nephropathy: A form of slow-progressing kidney disease that occurs in a particular geographic area which includes countries such as Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania. The condition can remain asymptomatic for many years until serious kidney damage has occurred.
• Darvocet overdose: Darvocet is a prescription drug mainly used to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Deafness - nephritis - anorectal malformation: A very rare syndrome characterized by kidney disease, deafness and malformations of the anus and rectum.
• Deafness-mental retardation, Martin-Probst type: A rare disorder characterized mainly by deafness and mental retardation.
• Death Angel poisoning: The Death Angel is a poisonous white, long-stemmed mushroom found mainly in the US.
• Del(1) (23-q25): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (23q-q25) of chromosome one is missing.
• Deletion 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 3 is absent and is characterized by mental and growth deficiency, drooping upper eyelid and extra digits.
• Dent syndrome: A rare X-linked inherited kidney disorder involving kidney tubule damage resulting in progressive kidney dysfunction.
• Dent's disease: A rare kidney disease inherited in a X-linked manner. It involves kidney tubule damage which results in progressive kidney dysfunction. There are two types of Dent's disease and they differ in the origin of the genetic defect.
• Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
• Deshi Dewa-induced lead poisoning: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Indian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Diabetes, neonatal - congenital hypothyroidism - congenital glaucoma - hepatic fibrosis - polycystic kidneys: A rare syndrome characterized by the presence of diabetes, hypothyroidism, liver fibrosis, polycystic kidneys and glaucoma in infants.
• Diabetes-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of diabetes
• Diaphanospondylodysostosis: A rare disorder characterized by bone formation anomalies including a lack of bone formation in the spine during the fetal stage as well as kidney problems.
• Diffuse leiomyomatosis with Alport syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by multiple tumors (in the esophagus, female genitals, trachea and bronchus) and Alport syndrome which involves progressive kidney dysfunction.
• Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by multiple capillary hemangiomas as well as other abnormalities.
• Diffuse systemic sclerosi: A rare condition that characterized by skin tightness affecting the trunk and extremities as well as organ involvement. It involves an early period of internal inflammation which distinguishes it from other forms of scleroderma and the organ involvement can be severe and even life-threatening.
• Digitorenocerebral syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by numerous abnormalities involving the brain, kidneys, fingers, toes, nails and face as well as mental retardation and vision impairment.
• Double uterus-hemivagina-renal agenesis: A very rare malformation of the uterus and vagina.
• Drash syndrome: A ver rare disorder involving kidney dysfunction, genital abnormalities and a kidney tumor (Wilm's tumor).
• Duane-radial ray syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by impaired control of eye movement and bone abnormalities in the hands and feet.
• Dup(1) (p35-p31): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p35-p31) of chromosome one is duplicated. The reported case resulted in death at 6 weeks of age.
• Duplication 10q partial: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 - the genetic material occurs three times in body cells instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms may vary considerably depending on the exact location and size of the duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 6p: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 6 is duplicated resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Duplication 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Dyschondrosteosis - nephritis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal bone development and kidney disease.
• E-coli food poisoning: Type of bacterial food poisoning
• Eating symptoms: Symptoms related to eating.
• Eclampsia: serious complication of pregnancy and is characterised by high blood pressure and convulsions
• Ecstasy overdose: Ectsasy is an illegal and highly addictive recreational drug. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, Berlin type: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the absence of many or all teeth, a lack of hair, mental retardation and skin abnormalities.
• Edwards-Patton-Dilly syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, kidney disease and increased parathyroid activity.
• Ehrlichiosis: Bacterial tick-borne disease
• Elapid poisoning: Sea snakes, Kraits and cobras are from the Elapid group of snakes. The toxicity of the venom varies depending on the species. The venom is usually toxic to the nerves or heart. Early symptoms such as drowsiness can occur within 30 minutes with more severe symptoms developing over the next few hours. Severe envenomation can result in death within hours.
• Electrical burns: Burns caused when an electric current pass through the body or part of it. The symptoms and severity of the burn depends on the strength of the electrical current, the duration of the exposure and the part of the body involved. Prompt treatment in more severe cases can improve the prognosis.
• Elejalde syndrome: A rare congenital syndrome characterized excessive fetal growth, skull abnormalities, extra fingers or toes and other abnormalities.
• Elephant's-ear poisoning: The Elephant's ear is a common garden plant which has large, heart-shaped leaves on long stalks. The plant contains calcium oxalate and saphotoxin which can cause poisoning if eaten and irritation upon contact with skin or eyes. The toxins are quite poisonous and death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten.
• Ellis-Yale-Winter syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the association of a small head, congenital heart disease, lung segmentation defects and a missing kidney.
• Emanuel syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is translocated with a portion of chromosome 22. The disorder involves a wide range of abnormalities such as kidney, genital and heart abnormalities, mental retardation, small head and failure to thrive.
• Enalapril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Enalapril (an ACE inhibitor) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Enlarged kidneys: normal kidneys cannot usually be felt in children or adults (though they may be felt in newborn infants). Enlarged kidneys or a kidney tumor may be detectable
• Epidemic typhus: An infectious disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by body lice. The severity of the illness may range from moderate to fatal.
• Epstein (C.J.) syndrome: A rare condition characterized by deafness, kidney inflammation, a reduced number of normal blood platelets needed for clotting and the presence of large blood platelets.
• Epstein's Syndrome: A syndrome characterized by the association of kidney disease, deafness and a blood disorder.
• Erdheim-Chester syndrome: A very rare lipid storage disorder involving lipid deposits in various organs and hardening of the ends of long bones which affects the growth of the bone. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Escharonodulaire: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Escherichia coli O157:H7: A form of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract
• Ethanol - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ethanol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ethylene glycol poisoning: Excessive ingestion of ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol can be found in antifreeze.
• Eugenol oil poisoning: Eugenol oil is used as a supplement or as a therapeutic ingredient in various medications and foods but excessive doses of undiluted oil can cause symptoms. Smoking undiluted cloves in cigarettes can also cause symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Excessive dieting: Excessive limitation of food intake can lead to problems and effects such as dizziness, depression, intestinal problems, edema and impaired growth.
• FLOTCH syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Fabry's Disease: An inherited metabolic disorder where phospholipids are deposited mostly in the blood vessels as well as other tissues and organs. Symptoms include skin lesions, small red spots on the abdomen, thighs and scrotum, fever, peripheral edema, hypertension and renal failure. Also called angiokeratoma corporis diffusion, Anderson's syndrome, Anderson-Fabry disease, Morbus Anderson-Fabry, Ruiter-Pompen syndrome or Sweeley-Klionsky disease.
• Familial renal cell carcinoma: A genetic form of kidney cancer that develops in the lining of the tubules in the kidney and tends to run in families.
• Fanconi pancytopenia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by upper limb defects and kidney abnormalities.
• Fanconi syndrome: Fanconi syndrome that occurs secondary to the accumulation of crystals of light-chain immunoglobulin molecules in the kidney tubules which affects their functioning.
• Farouk-induced lead poisoning: Farouk is a folk remedy by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Fechtner syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the presence of large blood platelets, kidney inflammation, deafness and abnormal leukocytes.
• Feigenbaum-Bergeron-Richardson syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, diabetes, epilepsy, kidney disease and premature hardening of the arteries.
• Female reproductive toxicity - Acetaminophen: Taking excessive doses of acetaminophen during pregnancy can result in kidney and liver problems in the baby. Pregnant women should avoid taking more than the recommended amount of the drug.
• Female sex reversal with dysgenesis of kidneys, adrenals and lungs: A very rare disorder involving female sex reversal and abnormal development of the lungs, kidneys and adrenals. Most of the reported cases were terminated during the fetal stage when the abnormalities were detected.
• Fentanyl toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Fetal indomethacin syndrome: Fetal exposure to indomethacin which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The drug can pass through the placenta from the mother to the baby and cause various problems depending on what stage of development the fetus is at.
• Fibrolipomatosis: Fibrolipomatosis is a term used to describe a fibrous fatty enlargement of a tissue. The enlargement can occur in various parts of the body but is most often seen in the kidneys. Symptoms will vary considerable depending on the location of the fibrolipomatosis.
• Finlay-Markes syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scalp, nipple and ear abnormalities.
• Finnish nephrosis syndrome: A rare inherited disorder where the kidney's ability to filter is defective and results in excessive protein in the urine, failure to thrive and malnutrition.
• Fitzsimmons-Walson-Mellor syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by spastic paraplegia, progressive kidney disease and deafness.
• Focal dermal hypoplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by bone, skin, teeth and pigmentation abnormalities as well as asymmetry of the face, trunk ant extremities.
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A rare kidney disorder involving scarring of parts of the kidney filtering system which affects kidney function. It usually occurs for no apparent reason but can result from kidney damage caused by illicit drug use, certain viral infections and HIV.
• Fosinopril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Fosinopril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Fraser Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the absence of one or both eyes as well as any of a number of other possible congenital abnormalities. Up to half of cases are stillborn.
• Frasier syndrome: A rare syndrome involving kidney disease and male pseudohermaphrodism (genetic male with some female sex organs). Kidney failure can occur as early as adolescence.
• Friedel Heid Grosshans syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Fryns Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by diaphragmatic abnormalities, coarse face and abnormal growth or development of ends of fingers and toes.
• Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor: Tumors that develop in the pancreas and cause excessive secretion of one or more pancreatic hormones such as insulin, somatostatin, glucagons, gastrin, ACTH (corticosteroids) and vasoactive intestinal peptidase.
• Galloway syndrome: A rare genetic disorder primarily involving physical and developmental abnormalities.
• Garland flower Daphne poisoning: Garland flower Daphne is a small shrub bearing clusters of small pink or white fragrant flowers and white or yellow berries. The plant originated in Europe and is often used as an ornamental plant in gardens. The plant contains chemicals which can cause poisoning symptoms if eaten. Severe cases can result in death. Skin irritation can also occur on skin exposure.
• Gaucher Disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme called glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of glycosylceramide (glucocerebroside). There are three forms of this disease: type 1, 2 and 3.
• Ghasard-induced lead poisoning: Ghasard is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Asian and Indian people as a tonic (usually for indigestion). This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Glomerulonephritis: A condition which affects the kidneys and is characterized by inflammatory changes that occur in the glomeruli
• Glomerulonephritis - sparse hair - telangiectases: A rare syndrome characterized by sparse hair, kidney disease and enlarged skin blood vessels (telangiectasia).
• Glomerulonephritis, membranous congenital due to anti-maternal NEP alloimmunisation: An immune reaction involving maternal antibodies which attack the fetus and causes kidney problems. The condition occurs when a mother with a deficiency of NEP becomes exposed to NEP antigen produced by the fetus which results in the production of antibodies that attack NEP and cause kidney damage.
• Glomerulopathy with fibronectin deposits: An inherited form of kidney disease.
• Glory lily poisoning: The glory lily is a type of vine which bears unusual yellow and red flowers. It is often used as an indoor and outdoor ornamental plant. The plant contains various chemicals that can cause serious symptoms if eaten. The roots are the most toxic part of the plant. The plant is considered very toxic and serious cases can result in death.
• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A rare enzyme abnormality involving a deficiency of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which causes premature destruction of red blood cells. The excessive destruction of red blood cells can be triggered by certain infections or drugs or by eating fava beans.
• Glutaric aciduria 2: A metabolic disorder involving an enzyme deficiency - electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxydoreductase. The severity of symptoms depends on the level of deficiency. The infant onset form is the most severe and often results in death. Severe cases usually develop during childhood or infancy and usually involve metabolic acidosis and its associated symptoms. Milder cases may simply present with muscle weakness initially that develops in adulthood. Some cases may involve additional symptoms such as heart, liver and kidney problems, facial anomalies and genital abnormalities.
• Glutaric aciduria type II: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by a defect in the enzyme ETF (electron transfer flavenoid) or ETF dehydrogenase. The condition causes variable symptoms.
• Goldberg syndrome: A rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by an enzyme deficiency (neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase) which results in a build-up of glycoproteins in the urine. There are three main subtypes: infantile, juvenile and adult forms. The early infantile form is the most severe and often results in death during infancy.
• Gonadal dysgenesis XY type associated anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Goodpasture syndrome: A rare disease involving inflammation of membranes in the lung and kidneys.
• Gorlin-Bushkell-Jensen syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the development of numerous sebaceous cysts (mainly on the back, chest, arms, thighs and scrotum) as well as kidney stones and white nails.
• Gout: Painful joints, most commonly the big toe.
• Greta-induced lead poisoning: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Growth-hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, colonic polyposis, lipomatosis, lentigines and renal carcinoma: An inherited cancer syndrome involving kidney cancer, polyposis of the colon and a pituitary tumor.
• HERNS syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by blood vessel disease which causes eye and kidney disease and strokes. Neurological manifestations tend to occur around the 2nd and 3rd decade of life due to the blood vessels in the brain being affected.
• Hai Ge Fen-induced lead poisoning: Hai Ge Fen is clamshell powder used mainly by Chinese people to make traditional Chinese herbal medicines. This product has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Hantavirosis: Infection by hantavirus which is a virus from the family Bunyaviridae. Infection generally causes severe febrile illness which can involve bleeding, shock and even death in some cases. The disease is transmitted by infected rodents.
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome: A rare condition characterized by acute kidney failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia (reduced blood platelet count). The condition is often caused by upper respiratory infections or infectious diarrhea.
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical, childhood: A rare disorder involving destruction of blood cells and kidney disease. Unlike typical hemolytic uremic syndrome which usually follows a bacterial infection, the atypical form is possibly a genetic disorder. The distinguishing feature of the atypical form is that no diarrhea is involved. The atypical form has a poorer prognosis than the typical form.
• Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome: A group of infectious diseases that involve bleeding, fever and kidney problems. Examples of viruses that can cause such infectious diseases include Hantan virus, Puumala virus and Seoul virus. Examples of diseases caused by viruses in this group includes epidemic nephritis, Hantaan fever and Songo fever. The virus is usually transmitted to human by rodents or biting insects such as mosquitos. The severity and range of symptoms is determined by the particular virus involved.
• Henna-induced lead poisoning: Henna is used mainly by Middle Eastern people as a hair and skin dye. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A blood disorder triggered by the use of the drug called heparin which is an anticoagulant. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Hepatic fibrosis, congenital: A rare condition characterized by scarring or fibrosis of the liver that impairs its function.
• Hepatic veno-occlusive disease - immunodeficiency: A rare form of liver disease involving the blockage of veins in the liver due to thickening of the blood vessel walls as well as immunodeficiency. The disease may be caused by a variety of factors including bone marrow transplant and genetic defects.
• Hepatitis: Any inflammation of the liver
• Hepatorenal syndrome: A condition the occurs as a result of severe liver disease.
• Hepatorenal tyrosinemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of particular enzymes which prevents the breakdown of tyrosine which then builds up in the liver. Type 1 involves a deficiency of the enzyme fumaril acetoacetate hydrolase.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Chaparral: Chaparral can be used as a herbal agent to treat abdominal cramps, pain and acne. The herbal agent contains a chemical called NDGA which can cause an adverse reaction in some people. Skin contact can also result in dermatitis. Patients with preexisting liver or kidney conditions are particularly susceptible to an adverse reaction to the herbal agent.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Pennyroyal Oil: Pennyroyal Oil can be used as a herbal agent to treat delayed menstruation and as an insect repellent. The herbal agent can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Ajuga Nipponensis Makino: Ajuga Nipponensis Makino can be used as a herbal agent used to control inflammation and coughing, to support liver function and is also used as a diuretic. The herbal agent contains chemicals such as cyasterone and ajugasterone and the ingestion of excessive amounts of these can result in symptoms. The main symptoms are gastrointestinal and urinary-related.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Autumn Crocus: Autumn crocus can be used as a herbal agent to treat gout and rheumatoid conditions. The herbal agent contains chemicals such as colchicine and the ingestion of excessive amounts of this can result in symptoms. Severe overdose can result in death and chronic ingestion can also cause harmful effects.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Buckthorn Bark: Buckthorn Bark can be used as a herbal agent used as a laxative. The herbal agent contains a chemical called frangulin and the ingestion of excessive amounts of these can result in unwanted symptoms. Chronic use can affect the electrolyte balance in the body.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Cleistanthus Collinus: Cleistanthus collinus can be used as a herbal agent which is very toxic and has been used to commit suicide or murder. The herbal agent contains toxic chemicals such as dyphyllin, collinusin and glycosides.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Horse Chestnuts: Horse Chestnuts can be used as a herbal agent to treat varicose veins, improve blood circulation through veins and to prevent fluid buildup following operations. The herbal agent contains a chemical called aesculin which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken. As little as one seed can cause symptoms such as headache and vomiting in some people.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Rhubarb: Rhubarb can be used as a herbal agent to treat constipation. Excessive intake of rhubarb can result in overdose symptoms.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Rue: Rue can be used to induce abortion, as a topical insect repellant or to treat spasms and delayed menstruation. The herbal agent contains chemicals (alkaloids, arborine, arborinine) which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer: A rare inherited condition characterized by the presence of tumors that develop from smooth muscle tissue in the skin, uterus and the kidneys. The skin anomalies can occur on any part of the body and gradually increase in number and size with age. Kidney tumors develop in only a relatively small proportion of patients with the condition.
• Hereditary amyloidosis: An inherited form of amyloidosis which is characterized by a build up of the protein amyloid in tissues and organs. This form of amyloidosis tends to affect mainly the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the amyloid deposits.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency myopathy: An inherited deficiency of carnitine resulting primarily in muscle weakness.
• Hereditary primary Fanconi disease: A rare inherited disorder characterized by defective reabsorption of various substances such as phosphate, potassium, amino acids and glucose which manifests as a wide range of abnormalities and problems.
• Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by various degrees of albinism, bleeding due to a platelet defect and accumulation of a waxy substance in cells (lysosomal ceroid storage).
• Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2: A rare disorder characterized by various degrees of albinism, bleeding due to a platelet defect, an accumulation of a waxy substance in cells (lysosomal ceroid storage) and immunodeficiency. HPS type 2 differs from type 1 in that it also involves immunodeficiency due to congenital neutropenia.
• Herrmann syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by deafness, diabetes, kidney disease, brain dysfunction and muscle spasms.
• Hexachlorophene - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Hexachlorophene during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• High blood pressure: Excessive blood pressure.
• Hinman syndrome: A bladder condition where the bladder is emptied infrequently due to voiding problems. During voiding, the sphincter muscle is contracted which obstructs the outflow of the urine which can cause enlarged urinary tract and even kidney failure in severe cases. The disorder usually affects children but some cases persist into adulthood where they present with urination difficulty, bladder emptying problems or kidney failure. As urine is frequently retained, bacterial infections are common. The disorder is believed to have psychogenic origins possibly due to fear of punishment if bedwetting occurs or some other sort of stress such as family breakup. Usually the child's initial toilet training is satisfactory.
• Hirschsprung disease - deafness - polydactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by extra fingers, deafness and an intestinal disorder called Hirschsprung disease where waste material fails to move effectively through the intestinal system resulting in constipation.
• Holoprosencephaly - caudal dysgenesis: A very rare syndrome where the tailbone and the portion above the tailbone (coccyx and sacrum) fail to develop. The brain also fails to divide into two lobes resulting in a single-lobed brain
• Hutterite cerebroosteonephrodysplasia syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by short stature and a severe degenerative brain disorder.
• Hydronephrosis: Swelling of the kidney resulting from a blockage to the flow of urine.
• Hydronephrosis congenital: A rare kidney disorder that is present at birth and involves enlargement of the part of the ureter closest to the kidney due to obstruction of the flow of urine out of the kidney. The severity of the condition is determined by the degree of obstruction.
• Hydronephrosis with Peculiar Facies: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by an unusual face and abnormalities in organs involved with urination.
• Hyperadrenalism: Excessive levels of adrenal hormones in the body. Symptoms depend on which hormone is involved and the degree of involvement. Adrenal hormones are aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 2: A rare inborn urea cycle disorder characterized by an enzyme defect in the amino acid transporter gene SLC7A7 (positive amino acid transporter).
• Hyperkalemic Renal Tubular Acidosis: A condition characterized by the inability of the kidneys to excrete acidic urine as well as an accumulation of potassium in the body
• Hyperparathyroidism: Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands.
• Hyperparathyroidism, familial, primary: A rare genetic disorder where excessive activity of the parathyroid gland causes increased blood calcium levels which can cause various problems.
• Hyperparathyroidism, primary: A rare genetic disorder where excessive activity of the parathyroid gland causes increased blood calcium levels which can cause various problems.
• Hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta: Hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta is high blood pressure resulting from a birth defect where a heart blood vessel called the aorta is abnormally narrowed. The high blood pressure tends to affect mainly the upper part of the body. Babies and very young children tend to have more severe symptoms as the degree of narrowing tends to be greater than in older children or adults.
• Hypertension of pregnancy: Pregnancy hypertension is the development of high blood pressure during pregnancy. Hypertension is a serious health condition due to the fact that it often causes no symptoms until it is severe. The increased blood pressure can cause complications in pregnancy women e.g. eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. The blood pressure usually returns to normal after delivery.
• Hypertensive heart disease: Heart disease that is caused by hypertension
• Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis: A rare condition characterized by the presence of recurring urticarial vasculitis, arthralgia or arthritis and hypocomplementemia. Hypocomplementemia involves a reduction or absence of blood complement which is a part of the body's immune system which destroying invading bacteria or other pathogens.
• Hypomagnesemia 4, renal: A recessively inherited kidney disorder resulting in low blood magnesium levels due to its excessive excretion by the kidneys. This form of hypomagnesemia involves normal urinary and serum levels of calcium.
• Hypoparathyroidism familial isolated: A rare familial condition involving low levels of parathyroid hormone which upsets the body's ability to regulate calcium and phosphate. The severity of symptoms is determined by the how low the parathyroid hormone level is.
• Hypopituitarism - micropenis - cleft lip palate: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by low pituitary hormone level, small penis and a cleft lip and palate.
• Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A rare condition where an infant is born with an underdeveloped left side of the heart which prevents the heart from pumping oxygenated blood efficiently to various parts of the body.
• Idiopathic minimal change nephrotic syndrome: A rare kidney disorder which has no apparent cause. The filtering structures of the kidneys are only slightly damaged and appear to be almost normal. Progression to kidney failure is very rare.
• IgA nephropathy: A rare disorder where kidney inflammation leads to a build up of the antibody (IgA) in the kidney which results in the characteristic symptom of blood in the urine.
• Immune Complex Diseases: Diseases characterized by the presence of immune complexes which are clusters of antigens and antibodies locked together. Normally these immune complexes are removed from the blood by the spleen but sometimes they continue to circulate and may become trapped in various body tissues which causes inflammation and tissue damage. Examples of immune complex diseases includes malaria, viral hepatitis and autoimmune diseases. Symptoms will depend on the location of the inflammation and tissue damage.
• Immunotactoid glomerulonephritis: Immunotactoid glomerulonephritis is a rare, poorly understood kidney disease which can cause slow-progressing kidney failure. It is characterized by the deposit of immune complexes in the kidneys which affects kidney functioning. The kidney condition may be associated with autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases e.g. rheumatoid arthritis.
• Impossible syndrome: A very rare syndrome (only one reported case) characterized a range of severe malformations, premature birth and stillbirth.
• Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder: A group of inherited disorders where the body is not able to metabolize amino acids consumed in the diet. Amino acids are a part of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and are metabolized in order to provide energy or to make other needed compounds. There are many steps involved in metabolism and the severity can be greatly variable depending on the exact nature of the disorder.
• India tick typhus: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Indian tick fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Infantile hypophosphatasia: An inherited bone disorder due to an inborn error of metabolism characterized by a deficiency of alkaline phosphate. The condition becomes noticeably during infancy and involves a period of normal development (about 6 months) followed by deterioration due to bone demineralization.
• Infundibulopelvic stenosis multicystic kidney: A developemental disorder of the kidney where a part of the kidney structures are too narrow as well as the development of cystic kidneys. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Intermediate cystinosis: Cystinosis is a condition where excess amino acid cystine builds up to harmful levels in the body. The intermediate form of cystinosis starts later than the nephropathic form but the symptoms are the same.
• Interstitial nephritis: Any primary or secondary condition which affects the renal interstitial tissue
• Invasive candidiasis: Severe fungal infection usually in immunocompromised persons
• Invasive group A Streptococcal disease: Infection with Group A Streptococcal bacteria
• Inverted smile - occult nephropathic bladder: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by an unusual face and abnormalities in organs involved with urination.
• Israeli spotted fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Ivemark Syndrome: A rare progressive disorder characterized by absence or abnormal development of the spleen and malformations of the heart vessels.
• Jejunal atresia with renal adysplasia: A very rare genetic disorder characterized mainly be abnormal or absent kidneys as well as jejunal atresia. Jejunal atresia is a birth defect where a portion of the small intestine (jejunum) is completely closed off or blocked due.
• Jeune syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short limbs, underdeveloped iliac wings and a narrow rigid thoracic cage that often results in asphyxiation.
• Jeune syndrome - situs inversus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short-limbed dwarfism, small chest, abnormally placed internal organs and various other abnormalities.
• Jin Bu Huan-induced lead poisoning: Jin Bu Huan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Juniper tar poisoning: Tar from the Juniper plant is sometimes used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Ingestion of the substance can cause poisoning symptoms.
• Juvenile Scleroderma: Scleroderma that occurs in children. Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that can affect the skin, blood vessels, the immune system and sometimes even the organs may be involved. The disorder may be localized or affect large areas of the body.
• Juvenile gout: Gout that occurs in children as a result of kidney disease caused by a genetic defect.
• Juvenile nephronophthisis: A rare inherited kidney disorder characterized by formation of cysts inside the kidney, kidney fibrosis and tubular atrophy which leads to progressive kidney failure.
• Kandu-induced lead poisoning: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian and Indian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Kenya fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Kenya tick typhus: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Kenya tick-bite fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Kidney Dialysis: The process by which toxic compounds from the blood are removed
• Kidney abnormalities: Any abnormality of the function or anatomical structure of the kidney
• Kidney conditions: Any condition affecting the kidney organs.
• Kidney cysts: An abnormal epithelial enclosed cavity located in the kidney
• Kidney damage: Any damage that occurs to the kidneys
• Kidney damage - 1,2-Dichloromethane: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called 1,2-Dichloromethane. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Acetaminophen: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called acetaminophen (Tylenol). Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Aminoglycosides: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Aminosalicylic Acid: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called aminosalicylic acid. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Amphotericin B: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by an antibiotic called amphotericin B. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Amyl Alcohol: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to amyl alcohol. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Anti-cancer drugs: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to anti-cancer drugs such as cyclosporine and cisplatin. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Aristolochic acid: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to aristolochic acid. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Arsenic: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to arsenic. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Aspirin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called Aspirin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Automobile exhaust: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to Automobile exhaust. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Bacitracin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called bacitracin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Bismuth: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to bismuth. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cadmium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to cadmium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Carbon Tetrachloride: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to Carbon tetrachloride. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cephaloridine: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called Cephaloridine. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Chloroform: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called chloroform. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Chlorotetracycline: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called Chlorotetracycline. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Chromium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to chromium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cisplatin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to an anti-cancer drug called Cisplatin. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Contrast agents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a contrast agent called sodium iodide used in some diagnostic tests. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Copper: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to copper. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cyclophosphamide: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to an anti-cancer drug called Cyclophosphamide. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cyclosporin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to an anti-cancer drug called cyclosporine. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Degreasing solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to degreasing solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Dichloroacetylene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Dichloroacetylene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Diethylene glycol: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Diethylene glycol. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Dioxane: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Dioxane. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Ethylene Glycol: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to ethylene glycol. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Ethylene glycol ethers: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to Ethylene glycol ethers. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Fuels: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to fuel. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Gasoline: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to gasoline. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Germanium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to germanium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Glue solvent vapors: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to glue solvent vapors. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Glues: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to glues. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Gold: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to gold. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Hairdressing solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to hairdressing solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Hairdressing sprays: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to hairdressing sprays. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Heavy metals: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to heavy metals. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Herbicide: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to herbicides. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Hydrocarbons: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to hydrocarbons such as chloroform and styrene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Ibuprofen: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called Ibuprofen. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Lead: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to lead. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Lithium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to lithium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Mercury: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to mercury. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Methanol: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to methanol. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Methemoglobin-producing agents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to methemoglobin-producing agents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Methicillin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called methicillin. Kidney damage usually occurs as a result of an allergic reaction to the antibiotic. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Neomycin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called Neomycin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Oxytetracycline: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called Oxytetracycline. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Paint solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to paint solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Paint thinners: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to paint thinners. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Paints: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to paints. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Paraquat ochratoxin A: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to paraquat ochratoxin A. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Perchloroethylene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Perchloroethylene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Pesticide solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to pesticide solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Pesticides: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to pesticides. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Platinum: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to platinum. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Polymyxin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called polymyxin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Rifampin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called rifampin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Silica: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to silica. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Silicon compounds: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to silicon compounds. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Silver: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to silver. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Styrene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called styrene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Sulphonamides: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by sulphonamide antibiotics. The kidney damage usually occurs as a result of an allergic reaction to the antibiotic. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Thallium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to thallium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Toluene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called toluene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Trichloroethane: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Trichloroethane. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Trichloroethylene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called trichloroethylene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Trimethropin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called trimethropin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Uranium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to Uranium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - analgesics: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by analgesics such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - antibiotics: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by antibiotics. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage due to chemicals: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by substances such as chemicals and medicines. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the kidney toxicity symptoms are listed below. Symptoms vary depending on the degree of exposure and hence extent of the kidney damage or injury. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the exposure. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms. Occupational kidney damage is considered relatively uncommon due to current safe industrial practices.
• Kidney disease-Induced Hypertension: Kidney disease-Induced Hypertension is high blood pressure resulting from kidney diseases. The blood vessels to the kidney become narrowed or damaged which affects the ability of the blood to flow through them which in turn increases the blood pressure.
• Kidney enlargement: An enlargement of the kidney
• Kidney failure: The inability of the kidney to function correctly in its function of excreting metabolites from the blood
• Kidney inflammation: A reaction that results in inflammation and alteration of the function of the kidney
• Kidney pain: The occurrence of pain that comes from the kidney
• Kidney stones: A crystal deposit that is made of urates and phosphates that occurs in the kidneys
• Kidney symptoms: Symptoms affecting one or both kidneys.
• Kidney symptoms in pregnancy: Kidney symptoms in pregnancy are usually caused by an ascending urinary tract infection, and include flank pain and haematuria.
• Klippel Feil Syndrome: A rare congenital disorder characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more vertebrae in the neck. The disorder is often associated with other abnormalities but their incidence is highly variable.
• Klippel Feil deformity conductive deafness absent vagina: A rare developmental disorder occurring only in females and characterized by skeletal and genitourinary abnormalities and small stature.
• Klippel-Feil syndrome recessive type: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more vertebrae in the neck. The disorder is often associated with other abnormalities but their incidence is highly variable.
• Klippel-Feil syndrome, dominant type: A rare dominantly inherited disorder characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more vertebrae in the neck. The disorder is often associated with other abnormalities but their incidence is highly variable.
• Kohl-induced lead poisoning: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by various ethnic groups (e.g. Africans, Asians, Indians and Pakistanis) to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Kushta-induced lead poisoning: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian and Pakistani people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lachiewicz-Sibley syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by pits in front of the ears and kidney disease.
• Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency type A: A rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency (Lactate dehydrogenase type A) affects the conversion of carbohydrates to energy.
• Langer-Nishino-Yamaguchi syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by deformed forearms and lower legs, cloudy corneas and enlarged kidneys. In the reported case, death occurred in the newborn period from kidney and heart failure.
• Lead poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to lead.
• Lead poisoning - African Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by African people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - African Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by African people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Aisan Folk Remedies - Chuifong tokuwan: Chuifong tokuwan is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to arthritis and other pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Bali goli: Bali goli (flat black bean) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Deshi Dewa: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Asian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Ghasard: Ghasard is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Asian and Indian people as a tonic (usually for indigestion). This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Kandu: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Pay-loo-ah: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by Vietnamese people to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Asian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Ba Bow Sen: Ba Bow Sen is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat childhood hyperactivity and to alleviate nightmares. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Cordyceps: Cordyceps is a folk remedy by Chinese people to treat high blood pressure, bleeding problems and diabetes. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Hai Ge Fen: Hai Ge Fen is clamshell powder used mainly by Chinese people to make traditional Chinese herbal medicines. This product has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Jin Bu Huan: Jin Bu Huan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Po Ying Tan: Po Ying Tan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat minor childhood complaints. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Rueda: Rueda is a lead-containing folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat infant colic or to calm young children. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Folk Remedies: A number of folk remedies have the potential to cause lead poisoning due to their relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. The high content of lead in some folk remedies can cause symptoms of lead poisoning which can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Alarcon: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Azarcon: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Coral: Coral is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Greta: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Liga: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Luiga: Luiga is a folk remedy used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Maria Luisa: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Deshi Dewa: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Indian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kandu: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kushta: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by the Indian people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Indian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Iranian Folk Remedies - Bint Al Zahab: Bint Al Zahab is a folk remedy used mainly by Iranian people to treat infant colic and to facilitate the passage of meconium in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Kuwait Folk Remedies - Bokhoor: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Kuwait people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Loas Folk Remedies - Pay-loo-ah: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by the Hmong people from Loas to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Alarcon: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Albayaidle: Albayaidle is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Albayalde: Albayalde is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Azarcon: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Coral: Coral is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Greta: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Liga: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Luiga: Luiga is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Maria Luisa: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle East Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Middle East people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Alkohl: Alkohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Anzroot: Anzroot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat gastroenteritis. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Cebagin: Cebagin is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Henna: Henna is used mainly by Middle Eastern people as a hair and skin dye. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Saoot: Saoot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat digestive eye injuries, teething and to manage the umbilical stump in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Pakistani people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Kushta: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by the Pakistani people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Pakistani people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistani eye cosmetics: Exposure to lead can result from the use of Pakistani eye cosmetics contaminated with lead. The most frequent cases have been noted in children as they are more sensitive to the effects of lead. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Al Murrah: Al Murrah is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat problems such as stomach pain, diarrhea and colic. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Bint Dahab: Bint Dahab is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat such things as constipation, diarrhea, colic and various other infant conditions. It is also used by Saudi Arabian jewelers. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Bokhoor: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Farouk: Farouk is a folk remedy by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Santrinj: Santrinj is a paint primer but is also used as a folk remedy mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething and gum boils. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Folk Remedies - Traditional Saudi medicine: Traditional Saudi medicine is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi people to treat teething and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Tamarind candy: Eating tamarind candy jam products made in Mexico can lead to exposure to lead as the product is often packaged in lead-containing containers which can leach lead. The most frequent cases have been noted in children as they are more sensitive to the effects of lead. Elevated levels of lead in the blood can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Lead poisoning - Tibetan Folk Remedies - Tibetan herbal vitamin: Tibetan herbal vitamin is a folk remedy used mainly by Tibetan people to improve brain functioning. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, LCAT: A rare genetic disorder characterized by an enzyme deficiency (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) which impairs the breakdown of lipoproteins which then builds up and causes damage to tissues. The condition is characterized by corneal disorders, anemia, protein in the urine and ultimately, kidney failure. Partial deficiency of the enzyme (alpha-LCAT) results in a condition called Fish-Eye disease whereas deficiency of the whole enzyme (alpha- and beta-LCAT) causes a condition called Norum disease.
• Legionnaires' disease: A severe respiratory disease which is caused by the Legionella pneumophila bacteria. The condition can result in pneumonia and can be life-threatening.
• Leigh syndrome: A rare, progressive, neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of the brain and impaired function of various body organs. The condition is caused by a systemic deficiency of the cytochrome C oxidase enzyme.
• Leigh syndrome, French Canadian type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Leigh syndrome, Saguenay-Lac-St. Jean type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Lemierre's syndrome: A very rare condition where a throat infection leads to secondary infection and blood clot formation in the internal jugular vein. The infected blood clot can then travel to other parts of the body and cause problems. The usual bacterial culprit is Fusobacterium necrophorum.
• Leptospirosis: Bacterial infection usually caught from animal urine.
• Leukemia: Cancer of the blood cells, usually white blood cells.
• Leukonychia totalis - trichilemmal cysts - cilliary dystrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Liga-induced lead poisoning: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lipoprotein glomerulopathy: A rare form of kidney disease which causes proteinuria and progressive kidney failure.
• Lipoproteinemia: A disorder in which the proteins that carry fat around the body are defective.
• Liposarcoma: A rare malignant tumor of fat cells. Usually affects thighs in women over 30 years of age.
• Lisinopril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Lisinopril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Lissencephaly syndrome type 1: A very rare form of the brain formation disorder called lissencephaly where the brain surface is abnormally smooth rather than convoluted resulting in mental retardation. Physical malformations are also present.
• Lithium poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to lithium.
• Liver failure: When the liver fails to function
• Liver symptoms: Symptoms affecting the liver
• Loiasis: A disease caused by the Loa Loa eye worm which work there way through the skin to the eye where they cause irritation and congestion.
• Lubinsky syndrome: A rare disorder involving abnormal tooth development and kidney problems.
• Luiga-induced lead poisoning: Coral is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Lutz-Richner-Landolt syndrome: A rare disorder involving kidney and biliary abnormalities.
• Lymphatic Filariasis: Parasitic worm infection of the lympatic system
• Lysinuric protein intolerance: A rare inborn urea cycle disorder characterized by an enzyme defect in the amino acid transporter gene SLC7A7 (positive amino acid transporter).
• MODY syndrome: A dominantly inherited form of type II diabetes that occurs in young people (less than 25 years old) and is not insulin-dependent. The diabetes results due to genetic mutations which leads to dysfunctional insulin-producing pancreatic cells. There are 6 different genetic mutations that can cause this type of diabetes.
• MODY syndrome, type III: A dominantly inherited form of type II diabetes that occurs in young people (less than 25 years old) and is not insulin-dependent. MODY type 3 is due to a mutation of the hepatic transcriptor factor-1 gene on chromosome 12q24.2. The hyperglycemia in this form of the condition tends to increase with time and hence eventually requires treatment in the form of medication in many patients.
• MURCS Association: A rare developmental disorder occurring only in females and characterized by skeletal and genitourinary abnormalities and small stature.
• Malaria: A parasitic disease transmitted through mosquito bites.
• Malignant Buotonneuse fever: A serious complication of Buotonneuse fever that tends to occur mainly in patients who are old or have other conditions such as heart disease.
• Malignant hypertension: Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by very high blood pressure and swelling of the optic nerve. This type of hypertension is more common in people with kidney problems such as narrowed kidney blood vessels. The condition is a medical emergency which can cause organ damage if not treated promptly.
• Malignant hyperthermia: A very rare genetic disorder where sufferers suffer episodes of adverse reactions when certain anesthetics or muscle relaxants are administered.
• Maria Luisa-induced lead poisoning: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Marseilles fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Marsh marigold poisoning: Marsh marigold is a low growing plant with rounded leaves and small yellow flowers. The plant can be found growing in the wild or in gardens. The leaves from the plant contain a chemical called protoanemonin which can cause symptoms if large quantities are eaten. The young leaves are actually edible if they are boiled with frequent changes of water.
• Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome: A rare condition where Leigh syndrome is inherited from the mother. Leigh syndrome is characterized by degeneration of the brain and impaired function of various organs.
• Mayapple poisoning: The Mayapple is a small flowering plant which is often found growing naturally. It bears small single flowers and apple-like fruit which turns yellow when ripe. The unripe fruit and leaves contain a chemical called podophyllin which can cause poisoning if eaten. The plant is considered highly toxic and death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten. The leaves, roots and unripe fruit are toxic but the ripe fruit is edible. The plant has been used to treat venereal warts.
• Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser, syndrome, type 2 (MRKH type 2): A rare developmental disorder occurring only in females and characterized by skeletal and genitourinary abnormalities and small stature.
• McArdle disease: A rare inherited glycogen storage disorder involving a deficiency of muscle phosphorylase needted to convert glycogen to glucose in the muscles.
• Meckel syndrome type 2: A very rare lethal syndrome characterized mainly by kidney and liver abnormalities, extra fingers and a gap in the back of the skull through which some brain matter protrudes.
• Meckel syndrome type 3: A very rare lethal syndrome characterized mainly by kidney and liver abnormalities, extra fingers and a gap in the back of the skull through which some brain matter protrudes. Type 3 differs from the other types in the location of the genetic defect and by the fact that meningoencephaloceles and extra fingers tend to occur less frequently.
• Medullary cystic kidney disease: A rare genetic kidney disease involving the development of cyst in the kidney which causes problems with kidney function.
• Medullary cystic kidney disease 1: A rare disorder characterized mainly by the development of kidney cysts and affects kidney function during adulthood. The disorder is caused by a genetic defect (chromosome 1q21).
• Medullary cystic kidney disease 2: A rare disorder characterized mainly by the development of kidney cysts and affects kidney function during adulthood. The disorder is caused by a genetic defect (chromosome 16p12.3). Type 2 tends to have an earlier onset of end stage kidney failure.
• Medullary cystic kidney disease, dominant: A rare genetic kidney disease which can lead to kidney failure.
• Meier-Blumberg-Imahorn syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by high urine calcium level and eye problems.
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: A rare kidney disorder characterized by impaired kidney function due to inflammation and changes to the cells that make up the kidneys which affects it's ability to function as a filtering organ.
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, X-linked: A kidney disorder inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males are symptomatic but females may be carriers.
• Meningococcal disease: Dangerous bacterial infection causing meningitis or bacteremia.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - hypotonic face: A group of syndromes characterized mainly by mental retardation and reduced tone in the facial muscles. Various other abnormalities may be present.
• Mercury poisoning - Folk Remedies: Various folk remedies and medicines contain inorganic mercury and mercury salts. They can lead to mercury poisoning and severe cases can result in death. Children tend to be more sensitive to the effects of mercury poisoning than adults. Even low levels of exposure can cause neurological symptoms in infants and young children. Fetal exposure to mercury can also result in symptoms.
• Mercury poisoning - consumption of contaminated fish: Eating fish contaminated with mercury can lead to mercury poisoning in humans. The severity and range of symptoms experienced can vary greatly depending on the level and duration of exposure. Severe poisoning can lead to death. Pregnant women who eat mercury contaminated fish may give birth to infants who suffer symptoms such as ataxia, tremors, seizures, mental retardation and cerebral palsy. An epidemic was reported where hundreds of Japanese villagers suffered mercury poisoning after eating fish contaminated by a nearby factory. Nearly half of the victims eventually died and children born during that period suffered a variety of neurological problems.
• Meretoja syndrome: A form of familial amyloid polyneuropathy characterized by deposits of a substance called amyloid in the skin on the face as well as the facial nerves which can cause symptoms such as weak facial muscles.
• Mesangial sclerosis, diffuse: A rare inherited disorder involving a kidney disorder that starts early in life and rapidly progresses to kidney failure. Death often occurs within years of birth.
• Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type 1: A rare kidney disorder characterized by impaired kidney function due to autoimmune processes that cause inflammation and changes to the cells that make up the kidneys.
• Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type III: A rare kidney disorder characterized by impaired kidney function due to changes to the cells that make up the kidneys which affect it's ability to filter blood.
• Mesodermal defects lower type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by defects of the lower trunk area such as the pelvic organs.
• Metabolic disorder: occurs when abnormal chemical reactions occur in the body
• Metastatic prostate cancer: Advanced prostate cancer results from any combination of lymphatic, blood, or contiguous local spread.
• Methylcobalamin deficiency cbl G type: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (cbl G) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of homocystine which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonic aciduria - homocystinuria: A rare group of disorders characterized by methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria resulting from abnormal metabolism of vitamin B12 by the liver. There are various subtypes of the condition with varying ages of onset and severity of symptoms.
• Methylmalonicacidemia with homocystinuria, cbl D: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (cblD) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonicaciduria with homocystinuria, cobalamin F: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (cbl F) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects.
• Micrencephaly corpus callosum agenesis: A very rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain development which results in a very small brain. Patients may die during infancy and survivors suffer mental retardation and other physical abnormalities.
• Microcephaly - glomerulonephritis - Marfanoid habitus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, kidney disorder and a and a tall, slight build.
• Microcephaly, hiatal hernia and nephrotic syndrome: A rare genetic disorder primarily involving physical and developmental abnormalities as well as kidney disease.
• Microscopic Polyangiitis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation of microscopic blood or lymph vessels
• Microsporidiosis: An infectious disease caused by a certain group of protozoa which form spores (microsporidia) e.g. Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, Pleistophora, Trachipleistophora, Vittaforma, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Enterocytozoan )Septata) intestinalis). The protozoa invade and live inside the hosts cells. The release spores into the gastrointestinal tract where they are excreted and can infect other animals. The infection is often asymptomatic in healthy people but can cause serious symptoms affecting various parts of the body in immunocompromised people.
• Midline field defects: Congenital problems that occur along the vertical axis of the body. Defects can involve the brain, spine, heart, genitals and midline of the head and face.
• Milk poisoning: Milk poisoning is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Milk-Alkali syndrome: Milk-Alkali syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: A group of conditions called mitochondrial disorders involving a reduced number of mitochondrial DNA in tissues rather than defective mitochondrial DNA. The disorders generally involve neurological symptoms which can occur during infancy or childhood. Symptoms will vary depending on the specific order involved.
• Mixed connective tissue disease: A rare disorder of the connective tissue which affects a range of body tissues and organs.
• Mohr syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• Molybdenum poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to molybdenum.
• Molybdenum, cofactor deficiency, inherited: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by excessive levels of xanthine in the urine. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase (as in xanthinuria type I) and enzyme aldehyde oxidase (as in xanthinuria type II) as well as sulfite oxidase which are needed to metabolize xanthine. The metabolic abnormality causes severe xanthinuria with neurological symptoms. The condition may be an inherited or acquired (due to certain drug therapies) deficiency.
• Morphine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Mucormycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the order Mucorales which is normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses.
• Mullerian Aplasia - Renal Aplasia - Cervicothoracic Somite Dysplasia: A rare developmental disorder occurring only in females and characterized by skeletal and genitourinary abnormalities and small stature.
• Mullerian derivatives - lymphangiectasia - polydactyly: A rare syndrome characterized by extra fingers, Mullerian duct remnants and lymphangiectasia.
• Multicystic renal dysplasia, bilateral: A rare congenital disorder where multiple cysts develop in the kidneys which affects their ability to function normally. The condition is results in death prior to or within weeks of birth.
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple myeloma: A rare malignant cancer that occurs in the bone marrow. More common in skull, spine, rib cage, pelvis and legs.
• Myoglobinuria: Myoglobin (muscle protein) in the urine. It is often caused by destruction of muscle tissue for a variety of reasons such as certain drugs, metabolic abnormalities and trauma.
• Myoglobinuria recurrent: Recurring episodes of high urine myoglobin levels due to muscle destruction. The episodes are triggered by prolong exercise or infection.
• Myoglobinuria, dominant form: A dominantly inherited condition which causes high levels of myoglobin in the urine due to destruction of muscle tissue. Episodes of muscle destruction was usually preceded by fever, virus, alcohol us end excessive exercise.
• Nail-Patella Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by small or absent kneecap and ridged and/or absent nails as well as other abnormalities
• Naked brimcap poisoning: Naked brimcap is a brown mushroom which becomes slimy when wet and is covered in thin hairs. The mushroom is often found growing in the wild in the US. This mushroom is poisonous and can lead to death if sufficient quantities are eaten. They are considered less toxic if cooked. This mushroom is unusual in that some people are able to eat them if they are cooked for a long time without any ill effect and can then develop a condition called immune hemolysis (where the body's immune system attacks it's own red blood cells).
• Necrobacillosis: A form of bacterial blood infection caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum which can occur as a complication of throat infections. The infection is potentially fatal and can cause the development of abscesses in various parts of the body including the brain and lungs .
• Nephrocalcinosis: The presence of calcium deposits in the kidney.
• Nephrolithiasis type 1: A rare X-linked inherited kidney disorder involving kidney tubule damage resulting in progressive kidney dysfunction. The disorder is caused by a genetic mutation on chromosome Xp11.22.
• Nephrolithiasis type 2: A rare X-linked inherited kidney disorder involving kidney tubule damage resulting in progressive kidney dysfunction. The disorder is caused by a genetic mutation on chromosome Xq26.1.
• Nephronophthisis - hepatic fibrosis: A rare syndrome characterized by progressive destruction of kidney tissue (nephronophthisis) which occurs from birth and results in kidney failure and liver fibrosis.
• Nephronophthisis 2: A genetic kidney disorder which causes kidney failure during childhood. Other problems such as underdeveloped lungs may also be associated with the condition. Type 2 is caused by a defect in the inversin gene.
• Nephronophthisis 3: A genetic kidney disorder which causes kidney failure during adolescence. Other problems such as underdeveloped lungs may also be associated with the condition. Type 3 is caused by a defect in the NPHP3 gene.
• Nephronophthisis 4: A genetic kidney disorder which causes kidney failure during adolescence. Other problems such as underdeveloped lungs may also be associated with the condition. Type 4 is caused by a defect in the NPHP4 gene.
• Nephronophthisis 7: A genetic kidney disorder which causes kidney failure during adolescence. Other problems such as underdeveloped lungs may also be associated with the condition. Type 7 is caused by a defect in the GLIS2 gene.
• Nephronophthisis familial, adult - spastic quadriparesis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive kidney destruction and spasticity and weakness of arms and legs.
• Nephronophthisis, autosomal dominant: A rare genetic kidney disease which can lead to kidney failure.
• Nephronophtisis familial, adult form - spastic quadriparesia: A rare familial condition characterized by kidney disease and spastic quadriparesis.
• Nephropathic cystinosis: Cystinosis is a condition where excess amino acid cystine builds up to harmful levels in the body. The nephropathic form of cystinosis usually starts during infancy and can result in severe complications if untreated.
• Nephropathy familial with hyperuricemia: A rare inherited kidney disease characterized by early onset of gout, kidney failure and high blood uric acid level and low urine uric acid level. The uric acid level abnormalities are due to the kidneys reduced ability to excrete it into the urine.
• Nephrosclerosis: Hardening of kidney arteries and arterioles.
• Nephrosis - deafness - urinary tract - digital malformation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney disease, deafness and abnormalities of the urinary tract, fingers and toes.
• Nephrosis neuronal dysmigration Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder primarily involving physical and developmental abnormalities as well as kidney disease. The type and severity of symptoms that can occur is variable.
• Nephrotic syndrome: A condition involving excess loss of protein in the urine, reduced albumin levels in the blood and swelling.
• Nephrotic syndrome ocular anomalies: A rare disorder characterized by the association of particular eye anomalies with kidney disease. Kidney failure occurs before or soon after birth with death occurring within months of birth.
• Neuroaxonal dystrophy - renal tubular acidosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle and kidney abnormalities.
• Neurogenic bladder: Problems with the nerves controlling the bladder and urination.
• Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type IV: A rare disorder characterized mainly by insensitivity to pain and inability to sweat.
• Non-diarrheal (D-) HUS syndrome: A rare condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney failure that is not associated with diarrhea which means that it is not a result of bacterial gastroenteritis. This form of hemolytic uremic syndrome may be caused by kidney transplants, certain drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, cytotoxic drugs), pregnancy, malignancy, HIV, non-diarrheal bacterial infections, immunological conditions or it may be inherited or in some cases there is no obvious cause (idiopathic).
• Norum disease: A rare genetic disorder disorder involving abnormal lipid metabolism due to a deficiency of an enzyme called lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The condition causes high levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids. The condition is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
• OFD syndrome type 8: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• OFD syndrome type Figuera: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps, finger abnormalities and absence of all or part of the fibula.
• OFD syndrome type IX: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger and retinal abnormalities.
• Occupational lead exposure - ammunition production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed as ammunition makers if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - battery manufacturing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the battery manufacturing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - brass foundry: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the brass foundry industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ceramic production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ceramic production industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - explosives production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the explosives production industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - furniture refinishing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the furniture refinishing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead glass factury: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in lead glass factories if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead mine: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in lead mines if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead smelting: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the lead smelting industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - painter: Exposure to lead can occur in painters if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - pottery making: Exposure to lead can occur in people involved in pottery making if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - radiator repair: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the radiator repair industry. The soldering required to repair the radiator can lead to the lead exposure if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ship building: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ship building industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ship repairing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ship repairing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - smelting: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the smelting industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Oculo skeletal renal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, skeletal and kidney problems.
• Oculorenocerebellar syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye, kidney and brain abnormalities.
• Oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia: A congenital renal hypoplasia associated with chronic renal failure in children. Also called oligomeganephronia.
• Opioid toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Optic nerve coloboma with renal disease: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney disease and a gap in the optic nerve which causes vision problems.
• Oral facial digital syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• Oral facial digital syndrome, type IV: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps, finger abnormalities, brain defects and short stature.
• Organic acidemia: High blood levels of organic acids which is caused by abnormal protein metabolism. Maple syrup urine disease and propionic academia are examples of organic acidemias. Deficiency of certain metabolic enzymes one of the main causes of organic academia.
• Oriental Hornet poisoning: The Oriental hornet can deliver a venomous sting which can result in serious and even life-threatening symptoms. Allergies to the venom are also a possible life-threatening consequence. Multiple stings increase the severity of symptoms.
• Orofaciodigital syndrome Thurston type: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• Orofaciodigital syndrome type 10: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps, finger abnormalities and absence of all or part of the fibula.
• Orofaciodigital syndrome, type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger, teeth and eye abnormalities.
• Oxalosis: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where excess oxalic acid forms crystals which make up urinary stones. In type I primary hyperoxaluria there is a deficiency of peroxisomal alanine-glyoxalate aminotransferase and type II involves a deficiency of the enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase.
• Oxalosis, Type II: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where excess oxalic acid forms crystals which make up urinary stones. In type I primary hyperoxaluria there is a deficiency of the enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase.
• Oxalosis, type I: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where excess oxalic acid forms crystals which make up urinary stones. In type I primary hyperoxaluria there is a deficiency of alanine-glyoxalate aminotransferase.
• PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome is a group of conditions caused by a mutation in the PTEN gene. The primary characteristic of the condition is the development of multiple hamartomas (tumor-like growth) in virtually any part of the body. The growths are generally not cancerous but patients often have an increased risk of developing various cancers. Specific conditions covered by this term are Cowden syndrome, BAnnayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome and Proteus syndrome.
• Pallister Killian Mosaic Syndrome: Pallister Killian Mosaic Syndrome is a very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Pallister Mosaic Syndrome Tetrasomy 12p: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Pancreatitis: Any inflammation that occurs in the pancreas
• Parathyroid Cancer: A condition that is characterised by malignancy that affects the parathyroid
• Parathyroid cancer, adult: A rare cancer that can occur in the parathyroid gland in adults. The parathyroid glands regulate body calcium levels so cancer of the gland upsets the body's calcium balance causing muscle, bone and other symptoms.
• Partial Trisomy 3pter: A genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the end of the short arm of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there are three copies instead of the normal two. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Pay-loo-ah-induced lead poisoning: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by the Hmong people from Loas to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Pearson's anemia: Pearson's anemia is a rare progressive condition characterized by abnormal pancreatic functioning and sideroblastic anemia. Diagnosis usually occurs within the first 7 years of life and death in infancy is common.
• Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme deficiency: A rare disorder involving abnormal steroid metabolism due to an enzyme 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 4) deficiency. The symptoms which make the condition appear very similar to another condition called neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.
• Peroxisome biogenesis disorders: A group of inherited disorders involving the absence or dysfunction of one or more peroxisomal enzymes. Peroxisomes are numerous tiny organs within the cell which are involved in a large number of the body's biochemical reactions.
• Pfeiffer syndrome Type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature joining of certain skull bones during development which has an impact on the shape of the head and face. Features include craniofacial and cardiovascular malformations with death often occurring early.
• Pfeiffer syndrome Type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature joining of certain skull bones during development which has an impact on the shape of the head and face. Features include craniofacial abnormalities, cardiovascular malformations and early death is common.
• Pfiesteria piscicida poisoning: Pfiesteria piscicida is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pfiesteria poisoning: Pfiesteria is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pfiesteria shumwayae poisoning: Pfiesteria shumwayae is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity: A rare X-linked metabolic disorder caused by the excessive activity of a particular enzyme (Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase). The main manifestations are increased production of uric acid and purine nucleotide.
• Plant poisoning - Anthraquinone: Anthraquinone is a toxin found naturally in plants such as aloe vera, senna, rhubarb and Cascara buckthorn. The main symptoms are gastrointestinal which can range in severity depending on the amount consumed. Severe cases can result in kidney damage and gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Plant poisoning - Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata): Ingestion of Boston ivy can cause kidney damage.
• Plant poisoning - Calcium oxalate crystals: Calcium oxalate crystals is a chemical found naturally in plants such as dumb cane and rhubarb leaves. The amount of calcium oxalate crystals varies amongst species of plant. The crystals are quite sharp and abrasive and ingestion of plants containing them can cause abrasive and irritation injuries. Eating large amounts can cause kidney and liver damage and even death in serious cases.
• Plant poisoning - Conline: Conline is a toxin found naturally in plants such as aloe vera, senna, rhubarb and Cascara buckthorn. The main symptoms are gastrointestinal which can range in severity depending on the amount consumed. Severe cases can result in kidney damage and gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Plant poisoning - Tannin: Tannin is a bitter-tasting chemical found in many types of plants. Most plants contain insufficient quantities to cause any real problem. Acorns contain tannins and can cause symptoms if sufficient quantities of untreated nuts are eaten.
• Plant poisoning - Toxalbumin: Toxalbumin is a toxin found naturally in plants such as the castor bean. The severity of symptoms depends on the particular species of plant involved and the amount consumed. For example the toxalbumin called ricin found in castor beans is extremely toxic.
• Plant poisoning - rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbum): Ingestion of rhubarb can cause kidney damage due to its relatively high oxalic acid content in the leaves. A large amount of leaves would have to be consumed to cause a poisonous effect.
• Plasma cell leukemia: A form of leukemia characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells in the peripheral blood system. The prognosis is generally poor for this usually aggressive condition.
• Po Ying Tan-induced lead poisoning: Po Ying Tan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat minor childhood complaints. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Polyarteritis nodosa: A serious blood vessel disease where small and medium-sized arteries become swollen and damaged and are unable to adequately supply oxygenated blood to various tissues in the body. The disease can occur in a mild form or a serious, rapidly fatal form.
• Polycystic kidney disease: Genetic kidney disease causing kidney cysts.
• Polycystic kidney disease type 1: A rare condition where cysts in the kidney grow and cause the kidney to become larger and reduce it's ability to function. PKD 1 is an autosomal dominant form of the disease and differs from PKD 2 in that it is more severe and is caused by a mutation in a different gene.
• Polycystic kidney disease, adult type: A rare condition where cysts in the kidney grow and cause the kidney to become larger and reduce it's ability to function. PKD 2 is an autosomal dominant form of the disease and differs from PKD 1 in that it is less severe and is caused by a mutation in a different gene.
• Polycystic kidney disease, infantile type: Severe form of polycystic kidney disease which is a genetic kidney disease. Symptoms develop very early in life and may even be present during the fetal stage.
• Polycystic kidney disease, type 2: A rare condition where cysts in the kidney grow and cause the kidney to become larger and reduce it's ability to function. This adult form of the condition is milder than the infantile form.
• Polycystic kidneys, severe infantile, with tuberous sclerosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by numerous kidney cysts and hamartomas (benign nodules that can occur in the skin or various organs including the brain).
• Polycythemia: increase in the total number of red blood cells in the circulation. It can be primary or secondary
• Polydactyly cleft lip palate psychomotor retardation: A very rare syndrome described in a small inbred group of families and characterized by bifid toes, extra big fingers, cleft lip or palate and psychomotor retardation. There were various other symptoms that were variably present.
• Portuguese type amyloidosis: An inherited form of systemic amyloidosis which involves deposits of a substance called amyloid throughout various parts of the body.
• Posterior valve, urethra: A congenital defect where there is an abnormal membrane in the back of the male urethra which affects urine flow. The urine can flow back through the valve and cause problems for organs such as the urethra, bladder, ureters and even the kidneys. The severity of the condition is determined by the severity of the malformation. Severe defects can cause fetal death and mild defects may cause incontinence.
• Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: A condition characterized by glomerulonephritis which occurs after a streptococcal infection
• Pregnancy toxemia /hypertension: Preeclampsia is the development of high blood pressure, excess protein in the urine and swelling during pregnancy. Hypertension is a serious health condition due to the fact that it often causes no symptoms until it is severe. The blood pressure usually returns to normal after delivery.
• Primary hyperoxaluria type 1: A rare inherited inborn metabolic disorder characterized by excessive amounts of oxalate in the urine and deposits of oxalate in the kidneys which leads to progressive kidney failure. There are two subtypes of Oxalosis, each with a different origin for the genetic defect involved. Type 1 involves a deficiency of a liver enzyme called Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase. Type 2 tends to cause a milder disease than type 1 with better longterm outcomes.
• Primary hyperoxaluria type 2: A rare inherited inborn metabolic disorder characterized by excessive amounts of oxalate in the urine and deposits of oxalate in the kidneys which leads to progressive kidney failure. There are two subtypes of Oxalosis, each with a different origin for the genetic defect involved. Type 2 involves a deficiency of a liver enzyme called D-Glycerate Dehydrogenase. Type 2 tends to cause a milder disease than type 1 with better longterm outcomes.
• Primary lipodystrophies: A group of rare diseases which involve loss of body fat. The body fat loss may be localized to certain parts of the body or may be generalized depending on the particular subtype.
• Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis: This is a condition that is characterised by a metabolic acidosis state caused by impairment of a persons renal function
• Pseudoaldosteronism: A rare genetic disorder involving early onset high blood pressure, reduced aldosterone secretion, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. The disorder originates from kidney dysfunction rather than impaired aldosterone secretion.
• Pseudophosphatasia: A rare condition where infants have all the physical features of infantile hypophosphatasia but alkaline phosphatase activity is normal.
• Pyelonephritis: Any inflammation of the kidney
• Quinapril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Quinapril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• RHYNS syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by eye, kidney and skeletal abnormalities as well as hypopituitarism.
• Rambaud-Galian syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by the progressive deposition of a substance called hyaline in blood vessels of the digestive tract and kidneys. Calcification of the brain is also present.
• Ramipril - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Ramipril during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Randall disease: A rare disorder involving the deposition of light and heavy chain monoclonal immunoglobulins which can lead to kidney disease.
• Rayner-Lampert-Rennert syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by ichthyosis (dry, scaly skin), mental retardation, dwarfism and kidney disease.
• Renal Cell Carcinoma 2: A genetic form of kidney cancer.
• Renal Cell Carcinoma 3: A dominantly inherited form of kidney cancer which is linked to chromosome 5q.
• Renal Cell Carcinoma 4: A genetic form of kidney cancer.
• Renal Magnesium Wasting - hypercalciuria - nephrocalcinosis - Ocular disorders: A rare form of progressive kidney disease associated with eye problems.
• Renal artery stenosis: renal artery stenosis is a narrowing or blockage of the artery that supplies blood to the kidney
• Renal calculi: A condition characterized the formation of a stone I the renal tract caused by deposition of urates and phosphates
• Renal caliceal diverticuli - deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness and urinary tract and kidney anomalies.
• Renal cancer, familial: A genetic form of kidney cancer that tends to run in families.
• Renal damage: injury to the kidneys
• Renal dysplasia - limb defects syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal kidney development and various arm bone defects.
• Renal failure: A condition characterized by a failure of the kidney to excrete toxic metabolites from the body
• Renal hypertension: Renovascular hypertension is high blood pressure resulting from narrowing or damage to kidney blood vessels which prevents the blood from flowing through the kidneys properly.
• Renal hypomagnesemia - hypercalciuria - nephrocalcinosis: A rare form of kidney disease which is progressive.
• Renal hypouricemia: A rare inherited disorder characterized by low blood uric acid level due to kidney dysfunction. The kidney tubules fail to absorb urate normally.
• Renal mucormycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the order Mucorales which is normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses. Renal mucormycosis is very rare and involves infection of the kidneys.
• Renal tuberculosis: Kidney affected by tuberculosis
• Renal tubular acidosis, distal, type 4: A rare disorder where the kidney tubules fail to remove acids from the blood and into the urine which results in high blood acidity. The disorder is caused by low levels of the aldosterone hormone or the kidneys inability to respond to the hormone.
• Renal zygmycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales which are normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. The infection differs from mucormycosis which only involves the order Mucorales. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses. Renal zygomycosis involves infection of the kidneys.
• Renal-hepatic-pancreatic dysplasia - Dandy Walker cyst: A very rare syndrome involving abnormal development of the kidneys, liver and pancreas as well as a brain cyst called a Dandy-Walker cyst.
• Rett-like syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Reye's syndrome: is a potentially fatal disease that causes numerous detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver
• Rheumatoid vasculitis: A rare disorder where sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis with joint inflammation develop inflammation of small and medium sized blood vessels. It tends to mostly affect the blood vessels in the skin. The symptoms are determined by which part of the body is affected.
• Rieger syndrome 2: A rare disorder where abnormal development of the front portion of the eye causes glaucoma and impaired vision. Other abnormalities are also present.
• Rifampin - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Rifampin during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Ritter syndrome: A rare infantile skin disorder involving severe redness, inflammation, blistering and peeling of skin and mucous membranes which can result from a variety of infections, malignancies and drugs.
• Rubinstein-Taybi like syndrome: A condition characterized by numerous congenital abnormalities including small head, unusual facial features, short stature, broad thumb and big toe and mental retardation.
• Rueda-induced lead poisoning: Rueda is a lead-containing folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat infant colic or to calm young children. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Sacral hemangiomas - multiple congenital abnormalities: A very rare syndrome characterized by hemangiomas and other abnormalities involving the tailbone and anal area.
• Sacral meningocele - conotruncal heart defects: A very rare syndrome characterized by mainly by heart defects involving the heart outflow vessels and valves, tailbone meningocele and abnormal kidney development.
• Salcedo syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by kidney disease
• Santos-Mateus-Leal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by extra fingers, deafness and an intestinal disorder called Hirschsprung disease where waste material fails to move effectively through the intestinal system resulting in constipation.
• Santrinj-induced lead poisoning: Santrinj is a paint primer but is also used as a folk remedy mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething and gum boils. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Saoot-induced lead poisoning: Saoot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat digestive eye injuries, teething and to manage the umbilical stump in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Sarcoidosis: Rare autoimmune disease usually affecting the lungs.
• Say syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by a variety of abnormalities including transient low blood gammaglobulin levels.
• Scalp - ear - nipple syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scalp, nipple and ear abnormalities.
• Scarlet fever: A complication of infection from strep bacteria such as strep throat.
• Schinzel Giedion Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by many skeletal and genital anomalies, unusual face, mental retardation and kidney malformations.
• Scleroderma: A rare, progressive connective tissue disorder involving thickening and hardening of the skin and connective tissue. There are a number of forms of scleroderma with some forms being systemic (involving internal organs).
• Scleroderma sine scleroderma: A very rare condition where the organ involvement normally associated with scleroderma is present but there are none of the characteristic skin symptoms. The degree of organ involvement is variable.
• Scleroderma, diffuse: A rare autoimmune connective tissue disease where the body attacks parts of the body and causes scarring and thickness of the tissue. In the diffuse form the the disorder, large areas of skin as well as organs are involved. Death can occur.
• Scleroderma, systemic: A rare autoimmune connective tissue disease where the body attacks parts of the body and causes scarring and thickness of the tissue. In the systemic form, the skin and organs are involved.
• Secondary Reflux: A urological abnormality where some of the urine flows from the bladder back into the kidneys. Vesicoureteral reflux may result from secondary causes such as a urinary tract blockage but primary vesicoureteral reflex results from a genetic defect which affects the development of the ureterovesical junction.
• Selig-Benacerraf-Greene syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized mainly by kidney abnormalities, enlarged bladder due to an obstruction in the urethra and fused legs.
• Senior-Loken Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 1: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 1 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 2q13. End stage kidney disease usually occurs early in the second decade.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 3: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 3 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 3q22. This form generally has an early onset.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 4: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 4 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 1p36.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 5: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 5 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 3q21.1. This form generally has a later onset.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 6: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 6 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 12q21.3. End stage kidney disease usually occurs early in the second decade and vision impairment occurs by 3 years of age.
• Serpentine fibula - polycystic kidney syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by unusual s-shaped calf bone (fibula) as well as the development of numerous cysts in the kidneys.
• Shock: Physical and mental reaction to reduced circulation
• Sickle cell anemia: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are crescent-shaped rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are unable to function normally and tend to undergo premature destruction which leads to anemia. If the genetic defect which causes the condition is inherited from both parents the condition can be quite severe whereas if it is inherited from only one parent, often there are no symptoms. The abnormally shaped red blood cells can cause problems when they clump together and block blood vessels.
• Simple kidney cysts: Usually harmless kidney cysts appearing later in life.
• Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, type 1 (SGBS1): A rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated growth, a peculiar face and other defects.
• Situs inversus totalis with cystic dysplasia of kidneys and pancreas: A rare syndrome where the position of the internal organs of the chest and abdomen is transposed. In addition there are kidney and pancreatic abnormalities.
• Sjogren's Syndrome: Autoimmune disease damaging the eye tear ducts and other glands.
• Smoking: The smoking of cigarettes
• Smoking stools syndrome: Ingestion of yellow phosphorus (chemical found in many rodent poisons) which is toxic to the body. There is an initial phase involving symptoms such as vomiting and burning which is followed by an asymptomatic period (may last for weeks) and then symptoms caused by toxicity of various organs. Obviously symptoms and survival depend on the quantity of phosphorus involved.
• Soto's Syndrome: A rare hereditary disorder characterized by excessive growth during the first few years of life as well as various other mental and physical anomalies.
• Spastic paraplegia nephritis deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by spastic paraplegia, progressive kidney disease and deafness.
• Spirochetes disease: Infection with a type of bacteria which is often found in mud, sewage and polluted water. Symptoms are determined by the species involved. Diseases caused by this bacteria include Treponema infection and borreliosis.
• Spondylocostal dysostosis, Dandy-Walker: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by rib and spine abnormalities as well as the Dandy-Walker anomaly (brain cyst).
• Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia - nephrotic syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by skeletal and immunity abnormalities. The immune defect leads to progressive kidney dysfunction which can ultimately cause death during the first decade.
• Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome: A very rare, potentially fatal infection caused by the bacterial toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The condition is often associated with tampon use but can originate from other sources.
• Stauffer syndrome: Spleen and liver problems associated with a kidney tumor.
• Steroid abuse: Steroids are man-made chemicals that can be used to promote muscle development and increase male sexual characteristics. Steroids are a prescription drug usually used to treat disorders such as delayed puberty and body wasting in AIDS patients. Excessive or improper use of steroids usually occurs in athletes and can result in a range of unwanted symptoms.
• Stratton-Parker syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by short stature, heart positioned on the wrong side of the chest (dextrocardia) and a bone development anomaly.
• Streptococcal Infections: Various "strep" bacterial infections.
• Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: Toxic shock from streptococcal bacteria infection.
• Striped Blister Beetle poisoning: The striped blister beetle is native to many parts of America and Canada. Animals that accidentally eat the beetles can become quite ill and they can also cause symptoms in humans if accidentally ingested. The beetles contain toxic substances called cantharidin and pederin which can cause symptoms through skin or eye exposure as well as through ingestion.
• Sucrase-isomaltase malabsorption, congenital: A rare disorder where a congenital deficiency of an enzyme (sucrase-isomaltase) prevents the absorption of sucrose and isomaltose consumed in the diet.
• Sucrase-isomaltose malabsorption, congenital: A rare disorder where a congenital deficiency of an enzyme (sucrase-isomaltase) prevents the absorption of sucrose and isomaltose consumed in the diet.
• Sugarman syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger, teeth and eye abnormalities.
• Surma-induced lead poisoning: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Middle East people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Thieffry and Sorrell Dejerine syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by kidney problems and progressive destruction of the wrist and ankle bones which may spread to adjoining bones.
• Thomas Syndrome: Potter Sequence with cleft lip/palate and cardiac anomalies: A rare condition characterized mainly by heart anomalies, a cleft lip or palate and Potter sequence which is a characteristic physical appearance observed in infants who experienced insufficient amniotic fluid in the womb.
• Thompson-Baraitser syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by liver fibrosis, kidney cysts and mental retardation.
• Thromboembolism: Lodgement of a blood clot causing blockage
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, acquired: A rare blood condition where small blood clots form in blood vessels which reduces the number of blood platelets and results in kidney failure, neurological symptoms and anemia. The condition may be familial or acquired - symptoms tend to recur regularly in the familial form.
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, congenital: A rare blood condition where small blood clots form in blood vessels which reduces the number of blood platelets and results in kidney failure, neurological symptoms and anemia.
• Thyrocerebral-retinal syndrome: A very rare syndrome observed in a brother and sister and characterized by thyroid, kidney and neurological disease.
• Tolbutamide - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Tolbutamide during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Toni-Fanconi syndrome type 1:
• Tonsilitis: Inflammation of the tonsils in the throat.
• Torticollis, keloids, cryptorchidism, renal dysplasia: A rare genetic condition characterized by undescended testes, kidney defects, torticollis and the formation of keloids which are scar-like elevations on the skin. The symptoms occur in males though females carriers can have mild symptoms.
• Toxic mushrooms - Anticholinergic: Some mushrooms contain a toxic chemical called ibotenic acid which causes anticholinergic symptoms. Ibotenic acid is converted to muscimol during digestion. The two toxins have opposing actions which results in initial excitation symptoms followed by a prolonged coma-like sleep. Mushroom species from this group include certain species of Amanita sp. - cothurnata, crenulata, frostiana, gemmata, muscaria and pantherina. Eating two to four mushrooms can result in impaired senses and eating more than twenty usually results in death.
• Toxic mushrooms - Monomethylhydrazine: Some mushrooms contain a toxic chemical called gyromitrin which is converted to monomethylhydrazine after digestion. Mushroom species from this group include certain species of Gyromitra, Helvella, Sarcosphaera and Peziza. Poisoning may occur from inhaling fumes from cooking mushrooms. The amount of toxin varies amongst and within species but some are toxic enough to cause death. Urgent medical attention should be sought if mushroom poisoning is suspected.
• Toxic mushrooms - Renal toxic (orelline): Some mushrooms (Amanita smithiana) contain chemicals (allenic norleucine, chlorocrotyglycine) which can cause kidney damage.
• Toxic mushrooms - cyclopeptides: Some mushrooms contain a toxic chemical called cyclopeptide which can cause primarily gastrointestinal symptoms if ingested. Most cases of mushroom poisoning in North America involve cyclopeptide-containing mushrooms. Mushroom species from this group include certain species of Amanita (bisporigera, ocreata, phalloides, suballiacea, tenufolia, verna, virosa), Galerina and Lepiota. One Amanita mushroom cap may result in death in an adult. Poisoning occurs in three phases: gastrointestinal symptoms (within 24 hours of ingestion); remission (up to 72 hours after ingestion); and liver and kidney symptoms (3 to 6 days after ingestion). Poisoning symptoms are more severe in children due to their smaller body size.
• Toxoplasmosis: Infection often caught from cats and their feces.
• Tracheal agenesis syndrome: A rare birth condition where the trachea is absent or closed off.
• Tramadol toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Trichosporin infection: A very rare infectious disease caused by the Trichosporon species. This type of infection tends to be opportunistic and hence only affects patients who are immunocompromised - patients with blood cancers appear to be the most prone. The infection may be localized or spread throughout the body (disseminated) which is usually fatal. Symptoms and severity may vary considerably depending on the location and extent of the infection.
• Triploid syndrome: A complete extra set of chromosomes.
• Trisomy 10 mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 10 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Trisomy 13 mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 13 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect. There appears to be a direct correlation between the number of cells in the body containing the chromosomal defect and severity of symptoms and survival.
• Trisomy 7 mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 7 in some of the body's cells. Most cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection causing nodules forming, most commonly in the lung.
• Tuberous sclerosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by harmartomatous skin nodules, seizures, phakomata and bone lesions.
• Tuberous sclerosis, type 2: A rare genetic condition characterized by mental and physical retardation, seizures and numerous benign tumors that can occur on the skin or in organs. The severity of symptoms can vary greatly depending on where the tumors occur.
• Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis: A rare disorder characterized by neurological degeneration and skeletal abnormalities.
• Tumor lysis syndrome: Metabolic abnormalities that can occur when chemotherapy drugs rapidly destroy tumor cells.
• Turner Syndrome: Rare chromosome syndrome with one X but no second X or Y chromosome.
• Typhoid fever: Fever from bacterial food poisoning.
• Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon, that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon.
• Unusual facies, hepatic fibrosis, renal cysts and mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by liver fibrosis, unusual facial appearance, kidney cysts and mental retardation.
• Urethral obstruction sequence: A condition which is characterised by the early obstruction of the urethra.
• Urethral stricture: Narrowing of the urethra
• Urinary symptoms: Symptoms affecting urination or related organs.
• Urinary tract infection: Infection of the urinary tract
• Urinary tract infections (child): Infection of the urinary system in children.
• Urine retention: Excessive holding of urine in the body.
• Urofacial syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by an unusual face and abnormalities in organs involved with urination.
• VACTERL association: A rare syndrome characterized by often severe deformities involving the limbs, kidneys, anus, heart, esophagus and spine.
• Valsartan - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Valsartan during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Varadi Papp syndrome: A syndrome characterised by deformities of the oral-facial-digital areas
• Vasotec - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Vasotec (an ACE inhibitor) during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped genitals, obesity, mental retardation and skeletal abnormalities.
• Vesicoureteral Reflux 1: A urological abnormality where some of the urine flows from the bladder back into the kidneys. Vesicoureteral reflux may result from secondary causes such as a urinary tract blockage but primary vesicoureteral reflex results from a genetic defect which affects the development of the ureterovesical junction. Type 1 is linked to a defect in chromosome 1p13 and type 2 is linked to a defect in chromosome 3p12.3. A significant number of children (up to a third) who develop urinary tract infections have vesicoureteral reflux.
• Vesicoureteral Reflux 2: A urological abnormality where some of the urine flows from the bladder back into the kidneys. Vesicoureteral reflux may result from secondary causes such as a urinary tract blockage but primary vesicoureteral reflex results from a genetic defect which affects the development of the ureterovesical junction. Type 1 is linked to a defect in chromosome 1p13 and type 2 is linked to a defect in chromosome 3p12.3. A significant number of children (up to a third) who develop urinary tract infections have vesicoureteral reflux.
• Vesicoureteral reflux: Reverse flow of urine from bladder back into kidneys.
• Vinblastine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Vinblastine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Vincristine - Teratogenic Agent: There is evidence to indicate that exposure to Vincristine during pregnancy and even the during the year leading up to the pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Viral hemorrhagic fever: A group of diseases caused by viruses which cause damage to blood vessels and result in hemorrhages and fever. The hemorrhaging does not always cause serious bleeding. The specific symptoms may vary depending on which particular virus is involved.
• Viral vasculitis not HBV and HCV: Blood vessel inflammation due to a viral infection such as cytomegalovirus or immune reaction initiated by a viral infection. Blood vessels in virtually any part of the body may be infected including the brain and the heart. Symptoms depend on the location and extent of the inflammation.
• Vitamin D - adverse effects: Excessive use of vitamin D supplements can cause symptoms.
• Vitamin D toxicity: Excessive consumption of vitamin D can cause symptoms of toxicity.
• Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Genetic disease causing multiple benign tumors
• WAGR Syndrome: A syndrome that is due to the deletion of chromosome 11.
• Wegener's granulomatosis: A rare disease involving blood vessel inflammation which can affect the blood flow to various tissues and organs and hence cause damage. The respiratory system and the kidneys are the main systems affected.
• Weil syndrome: A rare infectious disorder which affects liver and kidney function and also causes hemorrhaging. It is a severe form of the second phase of leptospirosis which is an infection caused by the spiral shaped bacteria Leptospira interrogans which is transmitted from animals to humans.
• Weil's syndrome: Severe form of Leptospirosis
• Whelan syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps, finger abnormalities and hydronephrosis.
• White Chameleon poisoning: The white chameleon is a type of thistle found mainly in dry areas of the Mediterranean. The rhizomes contains chemicals which can cause poisoning symptoms if eaten. The plant is often mistaken for a wild artichoke. The root extract is sometimes used in alternative medicine and excessive doses can also result in poisoning.
• Williams Syndrome: A syndrome characterised by mental retardation, facial abnormalities and emotional instability
• Wilms' tumor: A malignant kidney tumor that occurs in children.
• Wilson's disease: Wilson disease, or hepatolenticular degeneration, is a neurodegenerative disease of copper metabolism.
• X-linked sideroblastic anemia: X-linked sideroblastic anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of iron in the red blood cells which makes them unable to function properly. The body continues to absorb more iron from digesting food in order to try and correct the problem but this simply leads to excessive iron being deposited in body tissues as the it can't use the iron properly. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Xanthine oxidase deficiency type I: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by excessive levels of xanthine in the urine. Type I xanthinuria is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase which is needed to metabolize xanthine. The metabolic abnormality primarily causes kidney stones and kidney failure in severe cases.
• Xanthine oxidase deficiency type II: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by excessive levels of xanthine in the urine. Type II xanthinuria is caused by a deficiency of the enzymes xanthine dehydrogenase and enzyme aldehyde oxidase which are needed to metabolize xanthine. The metabolic abnormality primarily causes kidney stones and kidney failure in severe cases.
• Yellow fever: A viral infection transmitted by mosquito bites which can damage various organs such as the liver, heart, kidney and digestive tract.
• Zellweger Syndrome: Zellweger spectrum disorders are a group of rare, genetic, multisystem disorders that were once thought to be separate entities. These disorders are now classified as different expressions (variants) of one disease process. Collectively, they form a spectrum or continuum of disease. Zellweger syndrome is the most severe form; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy is the intermediate form; and infantile Refsum disease is the mildest form.
• Zinc overdose: Excess consumption of zinc resulting in toxicity to the body.
• Zunich-Kaye syndrome: A very rare genetic syndrome characterized by a range of symptoms such as colobomas of the eye, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatosis, mental retardation and ear defects.
• Zygomycosis: An infectious disease caused by fungus from the orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales which are normally found in the soil and in decaying plant matter. The infection differs from mucormycosis which only involves the order Mucorales. Transmission is usually through the inhalation of spores. It is generally harmless to healthy individuals but can cause infection in patients who are immunocompromised or who have a serious chronic illness such as uncontrolled diabetes. Symptoms and severity can vary considerable depending on the part of the body the infection occurs in - gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, central nervous system, eye orbit and the paranasal sinuses.

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