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Is there abdominal pain? The presence of abdominal pain with hematuria should first suggest renal calculus, but other causes, such as renal embolism, renal contusion, or laceration, must be considered. ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Hematuria is the intermittent or persistent excretion of red or brown urine that can occur with a variety of clinical symptoms. The amount of blood can be grossly evident or microscopic. About 2.5% of the general population has... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hematuria is defined as >5 red blood cells per high-power field in a freshly voided, spun urine specimen. Macroscopic (gross) hematuria is less common, is more likely to be attributed to an... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of the causes of hematuria ( Table 35 ). One need only visualize the urinary tract and
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in urine Microscopic... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Prerenal azotemia
Hypovolemia
Hemorrhage
Gastrointestinal losses
Sweating
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... Pseudohematuria (Dyes and Pigments)
Beets
Food dyes
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Pyridium
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... Infection, upper or lower urinary tract
Obstruction
Volume depletion
Drugs, toxins
Congestive heart failure
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... Glomerulopathy, primary renal*
Glomerulopathy associated with systemic disease*
Interstitial disease†
Urinary tract
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... Distal (Type I)
Pyelonephritis, chronic
Obstructive uropathy
Drugs, toxins
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... Signs and Symptoms Oliguria, azotemia, anuria, electrolyte imbalances, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, stomatitis, uremic breath, headache, drowsiness, irritability, confusion, neuropathy, seizures, coma,... Treatment (Tx)
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... Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited disorder characterized by multiple, bilateral, grapelike clusters of fluid-filled cysts that grossly enlarge the kidneys, compressing and eventually... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Chronic renal failure is usually the end result of a gradually progressive loss of renal function; occasionally, it’s the result of a rapidly progressive disease of sudden onset. Few symptoms... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... The kidneys are located retroperitoneally in the lumbar area, with the right kidney a little lower than the left because of the liver mass above it. The left kidney is slightly longer than the right and... Ureters ... Nephrons ... Innervation and vasculature ... Homeostasis ... Clearance measures function ... Water regulation ... Clinical assessment ... Physical examination for renal disease ... Noninvasive tests and monitoring ... Treatment methods ... Pictures
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... Kidney cancer (also known as nephrocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma, and Grawitz's tumor) usually occurs in older adults. Renal pelvic tumors and Wilms' tumor occur primarily in children. Kidney... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... In medullary sponge kidney, the collecting ducts in the renal pyramids dilate, and cavities, clefts, and cysts form in the medulla. This disease may affect only a single pyramid in... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Renal calculi or nephrolithiasis (commonly called kidney stones) may form anywhere in the urinary tract but usually develop in the renal pelvis or the calyces of the kidneys. Calculi formation follows... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Signs and Symptoms Severe upper abdominal pain, flank pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Treatment (Tx) Surgery, antihypertensives,... Pictures
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... Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) — a syndrome of persistent dehydration, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and nephrocalcinosis — results from the kidneys’ inability to conserve... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Signs and Symptoms Severe pain in lumbar and epigastric region, fever, leukocytosis, pallor, hematuria, proteinuria, edema, oliguria, uremic signs
Treatment (Tx)
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Hematuria
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Hematuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Siegfried Schmidt and Ku-Lang Chang
Hematuria, defined as “blood in the urine,” is encountered frequently in family practice. It can occur as gross ... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Urinary tract infection
❑ Nephrolithiasis
❑ Anticoagulation ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... An inherited disorder, polycystic kidney disease is characterized by multiple, bilateral, grapelike clusters of fluid-filled cysts that grossly enlarge the kidneys, compressing and eventually... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Kidney cancer is also known as nephrocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hypernephroma, and Grawitz’s tumor. It usually occurs in older adults, with about 85% of tumors originating in the kidneys and others resulting... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Although renal calculi (kidney stones) may form anywhere in the urinary tract, they usually develop in the renal pelvis or the calyces of the kidneys. Such formation follows... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Obstruction, reduced circulation, and renal parenchymatous disease can all cause sudden interruption of kidney function. Acute renal failure is usually reversible with medical treatment; otherwise, it may progress to end-stage renal... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Although chronic renal failure is usually the result of a gradually progressive loss of renal function, it occasionally results from a rapidly progressive disease of sudden onset. Few symptoms... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Renal blood vessel occlusion results in renal infarction — the formation of a coagulated, necrotic area in one or both kidneys. The location and size of the infarction... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A syndrome of persistent dehydration, hyperchloremia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and nephrocalcinosis, renal tubular acidosis (RTA) results from the kidneys’inability to conserve bicarbonate. This disorder occurs... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Clotting in the renal vein results in renal congestion, engorgement and, possibly, infarction. Renal vein thrombosis may affect both kidneys and may occur in an acute or a chronic form... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood test, whereas macroscopic hematuria... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Hematuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Hematuria—presenceof blood in urine—can be microscopic (urine is not discolored) orgross (urine has red or brown discoloration). >5 red cells per high... Principal Causes of Hematuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of
the causes of hematuria (Table 35). One need only visualize the
urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down... Pictures
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