Glossary for Leg pain

Medical terms related to Leg pain or mentioned in this section include:

• Achilles tendinitis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation and tenderness located in the Achilles tendon of the leg
• Acute intermittent porphyria: A rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by a disturbed porphyrin metabolism resulting in increased production of porphyrin or its precursors. Symptoms include abdominal pain, photosensitivity and neurological disturbances such as seizures, coma, hallucinations and respiratory paralysis.
• Adrenal gland symptoms: Symptoms affecting the adrenal glands
• Adult hypophosphatasia: An rare inherited bone disorder due to an inborn error of metabolism characterized by a deficiency of alkaline phosphate. The condition involves the early loss of primary teeth and childhood rickets followed by a reasonable health until mid-adulthood when dental and skeletal abnormalities again become prevalent.
• Allergic tension-fatigue syndrome: Variable symptoms caused by food allergy.
• Ankle pain: Pain affecting the ankle joint
• Antithrombin Deficiency: Antithrombin deficiency refers the deficiency or impaired activity of a substance that inactivates enzymes involved in blood coagulation. Antithrombin prevents the blood from clotting too readily and if its activity is impaired then the blood becomes more prone to clotting which can result in severe problems. Severity of the condition can vary amongst patients and the symptoms can vary considerably depending on the location of blood clots and size of the blood clot.
• Antithrombin Deficiency, type I: Type I Antithrombin deficiency refers the deficiency of a substance that inactivates enzymes involved in blood coagulation. Antithrombin prevents the blood from clotting too readily and if there are insufficient quantities of it then the blood becomes more prone to clotting which can result in severe problems. Severity of the condition can vary amongst patients and the symptoms can vary considerably depending on the location of blood clots and size of the blood clot. Type I may be inherited or acquired through such things as kidney or liver disease. Acquired cases tend to have a lower risk of blood clots compared to inherited cases.
• Antithrombin Deficiency, type II: Type II Antithrombin deficiency refers the malfunction of a substance that inactivates enzymes involved in blood coagulation. Antithrombin prevents the blood from clotting too readily and if it is unable to function properly then the blood becomes more prone to clotting which can result in severe problems. Severity of the condition can vary amongst patients and the symptoms can vary considerably depending on the location of blood clots and size of the blood clot. Type II is an inherited condition.
• Arachnidism: Poisoning from a spider bite.
• Arachnoiditis: A progressive disorder where the arachnoid membrane becomes inflamed and the brain and spinal cord may also become inflamed.
• Arterial insufficiency: Where the arterial blood flow is insufficient.
• Artery symptoms: Symptoms affecting the arteries (large blood vessels)
• Arthritis: A condition which is characterized by the inflammation of a joint
• Atherosclerosis: A condition which is a form of arteriosclerosis where atheromas are caused by the aggregation of cholesterol and lipids
• Axial osteosclerosis: A rare bone abnormality involving patches of increased bone density which tend to occur in the spine, pelvis and the ball part of the hip joint.
• Bejel: An infectious disease related to syphilis but is transmitted through nonsexual skin contact. Often starts with a sore in the mouth and then progresses to affect the skin and bones.
• Beriberi: Disease due to vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)
• Blount disease: A bone developmental disorder that affects the shin bone (tibia) resulting in a progressive bow-legged appearance due to the inward facing angle of the shin bone. One or both legs may be affected.
• Bone cancer: Malignancy that occurs in the bone
• Bone symptoms: Symptoms affecting the body's bones
• Broken leg: Fracture of a bone in the upper or lower leg
• Bromocriptine - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Bromocriptine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Buerger's disease: Buergers's disease is a recurring inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of small and medium arteries and veins of the hands and feet
• Calf pain: Pain or tenderness of the calf muscle behind the lower leg
• Camurat-Engelmann disease, type 2: A rare syndrome characterized by a range of abnormalities including waddling gait, muscle weakness, knee and hip contractures, delayed puberty and leg pain.
• Camurati-Engelmann Disease: A very rare genetic disease thickening of areas of bone causing pain, weakness and wasting. Usually affects the legs during childhood. Also called diaphyseal dysplasia.
• Cardiomyopathy - hearing loss, type t RNA lysine gene mutation: A rare inherited disorder characterized by heart muscle disease and deafness. The deafness is inherited from the mother and is caused by a genetic defect. Patients may be asymptomatic for a number of years. The rate of progression of the disorder is variable with some patients being asymptomatic until adulthood.
• Cardiomyopathy - hearing loss, type tRNA-LYS gene mutation: A rare inherited condition characterized by the association of cardiomyopathy and deafness.
• Cellulitis: inflammation of the subcutaneous fat
• Chordoma: Chordomas are tumors originating from embryonic remnants of the primitive notochord
• Claudication: claudication is pain and/or cramping in the lower leg due to inadequate blood flow to the muscles
• Claudication pain: Pain that occurs in the legs when walking or exercising. It is usually the result of circulation problems which affects the flow of blood to the leg muscles. In severe cases, the pain may persist even when the patient is inactive.
• Common symptoms: The most common symptoms
• Compartment Syndrome: compartment syndrome involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels within an enclosed space. This leads to impaired blood flow and muscle and nerve damage
• Compartment syndrome: compartment syndrome involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels within an enclosed space. This leads to impaired blood flow and muscle and nerve damage
• Cramps: Refers to abdominal cramps, muscle cramps, or menstrual cramps
• Deep vein thrombosis: The formation of a thrombosis in the deep veins usually within the legs
• Disc Disorders: Disorders that affect the discs of the spine
• Dobriner syndrome: An inherited metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of coproporphyrinogen oxidase. The condition is similar to but milder than intermittent porphyria and sometimes includes photosensitivity.
• Dressler (D.)syndrome: A rare autoimmune blood disorder where erythrocytes are destroyed suddenly after exposure to cold (usually 15ºC or lower).
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type 3: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by lax joints, hyperextensible skin and mild connective tissue fragility - a mild form of the condition.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type III: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by lax joints, hyperextensible skin and mild connective tissue fragility - a mild form of the condition.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobile type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and smooth hyperextensible skin as well as joint pain and discolations.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, hyperextensible skin and - previously known as EDS type 3.
• Endometriosis: Misplaced uterus tissue causing scar tissue.
• Eosinophilic fasciitis: A rare disorder where the skin on the limbs become painfully inflamed and looses it's elasticity.
• Ewing's sarcoma: Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant round-cell tumor. It is a rare disease in which cancer cells are found in the bone or in soft tissue. The most common areas in which it occurs are the pelvis, the femur, the humerus, and the ribs.
• Fever: Raised body temperature usually with other symptoms.
• Foot pain: Pain affecting one or both feet
• Fractured femur: A fracture that occurs in the femur of the leg
• Fractures: Breakage of bones
• Genital herpes: Sexually transmitted infection of the genital region.
• Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix: A rare type of cervical cancer.
• Gout: Painful joints, most commonly the big toe.
• Grand-Kaine-Fulling syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by disease of the retinal blood vessels and degeneration of the central nervous system.
• Growth plate injuries: Injury to the growing ends of young bones.
• Herniated disc: A misaligned or "slipped" disc in the spine.
• Hip pain: Pain in the hip region
• Hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta: Hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta is high blood pressure resulting from a birth defect where a heart blood vessel called the aorta is abnormally narrowed. The high blood pressure tends to affect mainly the upper part of the body. Babies and very young children tend to have more severe symptoms as the degree of narrowing tends to be greater than in older children or adults.
• Hypomagnesemia primary: Low blood magnesium levels which is caused by the abnormal absorption and excretion of the mineral and can be caused by such things as kidney problems and intestinal malabsorption.
• Iliotibial Band Syndrome: Knee inflammation usually from prolonged overuse
• Impingement syndrome: A condition characterised by pathologic changes resulting in the impingement of components of the shoulder joint
• Infection: Infections as a symptom.
• Inflammatory pelvic pain: Inflammatory pelvic pain can be chr, cyclic,non cyclic, localized of generalized, or a combination. It affects women of reproductive age and older. It's important to note that sudden, severe pain with mass indicates a serious disorder such as an ectopic pregnancy, and it also requires immediate evaluation and treatment.
• Intermittent Claudication: is muscle pain which occurs during physical exercise and is relieved by rest. It usually is a feature or arterial abnormality of the lower limbs
• Intermittent claudication: is muscle pain which occurs during physical exercise and is relieved by rest. It usually is a feature or arterial abnormality of the lower limbs
• Intervertebral disc disease: Degenerative changes in the discs located between vertebrae. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Ischemia: Inadequate blood supply to tissues, usually caused by a problem in the blood vessel.
• Juvenile osteoporosis: Osteoporosis (progressive bone loss) that occurs in children. Osteoporosis in children can be caused by certain medical conditions (e.g. diabetes, malabsorption syndromes, kidney disease, hyperthyroidism), certain medications (e.g. corticosteroids, anticonvulsants), prolonged immobility or sometimes for no detectable reason (idiopathic).
• Knee pain: Pain in or around the knee joint
• Leg conditions: Conditions that affect ones leg
• Leg cramps: Leg pain that is caused by continuous muscle contractions
• Leg injury: Any injury that occurs to ones legs
• Leg pain during pregnancy: Pain in the leg in a woman who is pregnant.
• Leg pain in children:
• Leg pain on walking: When a person experiences pain in their legs on walking
• Leg paresthesia: Leg tingling, prickling, numbness or burning sensations
• Leg rash: Any rash on the legs or feet
• Leg symptoms: Symptoms affecting the leg
• Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: Femur/hip bone disease mostly in children
• Leriche syndrome: A rare syndrome caused by a blockage in the terminal aorta which supplies blood to the lower part of the body.
• Limb symptoms: Symptoms affecting the limbs
• Low haemoglobin: Decreased concentration of haemoglobin in the blood.
• Lymphedema hereditary type 1: A rare inherited condition where tissue swelling (mainly involving the legs) occurs because of blockage of lymph drainage system.
• Lymphedema, hereditary: A rare inherited condition where tissue swelling (mainly involving the legs) occurs because of blockage of lymph drainage system.
• Lymphedema, hereditary, 1B: A rare inherited condition where tissue swelling (mainly involving the legs) occurs because of blockage of lymph drainage system.
• Lymphoedema - cleft palate: A rare inherited condition characterized by the association of a cleft palate and tissue swelling (mainly involving the legs) occurs because of blockage of lymph drainage system.
• Marfan syndrome: A genetic connective tissue disorder involving a defect of chromosome 15q21.1 which affects the production of the fibrillin needed to make connective tissue.
• Megaloblastic anemia: A rare blood disorder where insufficient vitamin B12 absorption results in reduced production of red blood cells and increased levels of abnormal, enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts). Vitamin B12 insufficiency can result from absorption problems or lack of dietary intake of the vitamin or folic acid.
• Meralgia paresthetica: A rare disorder where compression or injury of a nerve that connects the thigh to the spine results in abnormal, painful sensations in the outer part of the thigh. The condition is most common in middle-aged, overweight males.
• Morphine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Morphine use is discontinued or reduced. Morphine is a pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually the most severe between 36 and 72 hours after withdrawal and symptoms tend to abate within a week. Craving may persist for months.
• Muscle cramps: spasmodic, painful, involuntary contraction of muscles.
• Muscle strain: Damage to a muscle due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Myelitis: Spinal cord inflammation.
• Nerve entrapment: Compression of a nerve that becomes trapped in a confined space due to any cause e.g. trauma, inflammation or a disease process. This usually occurs near joints. The resulting pressure on the nerve can be very painful and if left untreated can result in damage to the nerve and eventually muscle weakness and wasting. Conditions such as bone spurs, joint swelling due to injury, cysts and trauma can result in nerve entrapment. The exact symptoms will depend on which nerve is trapped and the duration and severity of the entrapment.
• Nerve symptoms: Symptoms affecting the nerves
• Neuroectodermal tumors primitive: A type of brain tumor that consists of small round cells and is believed to originate from primitive nerve cells in the brain. Symptoms are determined by the exact location of the tumor.
• Neuropathy - ataxia - retinitis pigmentosa: A rare inherited disorder where defects in the energy producing part of cells affects the nervous system and causes symptoms such as muscle and vision problems. Severity and rang of symptoms are variable.
• Neuropathy ataxia and retinis pigmentosa: A rare inherited disorder where defects in the energy producing part of cells affects the nervous system and causes symptoms such as muscle and vision problems. Severity and rang of symptoms are variable.
• Neuropathy, hereditary, sensory, radicular: A rare inherited degenerative disorder of the nervous system characterized by sensory loss in limbs, pain and foot ulcers.
• Non-inflammatory pelvic pain: Very little is known about non-inflammatory pelvic pain.
• OHSS: Excessive stimulation of the ovaries that usually occurs as a complication of in vitro fertilization but may also occur spontaneously. The degree of excessive ovarian stimulation may vary from mild to severe.
• Opioid withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when opioid use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Opioids includes heroin, methadone and codeine.
• Osgood-Schlatter Disease: A condition where the bony lump below the knee becomes inflamed resulting in swelling, pain and tenderness.
• Osteoarthritis: A form of degenerative arthritis due to chronic degeneration
• Osteoarthritis, Hip: A common degenerative hip joint disorder that tends to affect older people. The main symptom is pain.
• Osteomalacia: Softening of bones caused by a vitamin D deficiency.
• Osteomyelitis: An infection that occurs in bone
• Paget's Disease: Breast carcinoma involving nipple and areola.
• Pain: Any type of pain sensation symptoms.
• Paresthesias: Tingling, prickling, numbness or burning sensations
• Peripheral neuropathy: Any loss in the function of the peripheral nervous system
• Peripheral vascular disease: Disease of arteries supplying the legs or sometimes arms
• Phlebitis: Inflammation of a vein.
• Polycythemia vera: A condition which is characterized by myeloproliferation of unknown etiology
• Polymyalgia rheumatica: A condition characterized by muscle pain and stiffness, fatigue and fever. It is often associated with giant-cell arteritis which is a related but more serious condition.
• Polyneuritis: Widespared inflammation of nerves
• Porphyria, Ala-D: A very rare inherited disorder where involving a lack of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase.
• Postherpetic neuralgia: A condition which is characterized by persistent burning pain and hyperesthesia along the distribution of a cutaneous nerve
• Prostate Cancer: Cancer of the prostate.
• Restless Legs Syndrome: A neurological disorder where legs develop and crawling, aching skin sensation which is relived by moving the legs.
• Restless Legs Syndrome, Susceptibility To, 1: A neurological disorder where legs develop and crawling, aching skin sensation which is relived by moving the legs. Symptoms tend to occur mainly at night. Type 1 refers to an increased susceptibility to the condition which is caused by a defect in chromosome 12q12-q21.
• Restless Legs Syndrome, Susceptibility To, 2: A neurological disorder where legs develop and crawling, aching skin sensation which is relived by moving the legs. Symptoms tend to occur mainly at night. Type 2 refers to an increased susceptibility to the condition which is caused by a defect in chromosome 14q13-q31.
• Restless Legs Syndrome, Susceptibility To, 3: A neurological disorder where legs develop and crawling, aching skin sensation which is relived by moving the legs. Symptoms tend to occur mainly at night. Type 3 refers to an increased susceptibility to the condition which is caused by a defect in chromosome 9p24-p22.
• Restless Legs Syndrome, Susceptibility To, 4: A neurological disorder where legs develop and crawling, aching skin sensation which is relived by moving the legs. Symptoms tend to occur mainly at night. Type 4 refers to an increased susceptibility to the condition which is caused by a defect in chromosome 2q33.
• Restless Legs Syndrome, Susceptibility To, 5: A neurological disorder where legs develop and crawling, aching skin sensation which is relived by moving the legs. Symptoms tend to occur mainly at night. Type 5 refers to an increased susceptibility to the condition which is caused by a defect in chromosome 20p13.
• Restless Legs Syndrome, Susceptibility To, 6: A neurological disorder where legs develop and crawling, aching skin sensation which is relived by moving the legs. Symptoms tend to occur mainly at night. Type 6 refers to an increased susceptibility to the condition which is caused by a defect in chromosome 6p21.
• Restless Legs Syndrome, Susceptibility To, 7: A neurological disorder where legs develop and crawling, aching skin sensation which is relived by moving the legs. Symptoms tend to occur mainly at night. Type 7 refers to an increased susceptibility to the condition which is caused by a defect in chromosome 2p14.
• Restless leg syndrome: irrestible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensation
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune inflammatory condition which primarily affects the joints
• Rickets: A condition that affects the bones due to vitamin D deficiency
• Sciatica: neuralgia along the nerve course of the sciatic nerve
• Scurvy: Severe disease from vitamin C deficiency
• Sensations: Changes to sensations or the senses
• Shin pain: A feeling of distress and agony caused by the stimulation of pain nerve endings in the underarm.
• Shin splints: Pain in the shins usually caused by sports or exercise
• Spastic paraplegia 4, autosomal dominant: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive stiffness and increased reflexes in the leg muscles. The severity of the condition is very variable as is the age of onset.
• Spinal Cord Disorders: Any condition that affects the spinal cord
• Spinal conditions: Any condition that affects the spine
• Spinal fracture: A fracture of one or multiple bony vertebrae
• Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal cavity around the spinal cord.
• Spine symptoms: Symptoms affecting the spine
• Spondylitis: Inflammation of the synovial joints of the backbone.
• Spondylolisthesis: forward slippage of one vertebra over another.
• Spondylosis: Spinal degeneration of the discs or spinal joints
• Sports Injuries: Any condition that has resulted from injury to a part of the body due to participation in a sporting activity
• St. Anthony's fire: Very painful burning sensation in the arms and legs caused by excessive exposure to ergotamines. Ergotamines are produced by particular fungi. It is also a drug used for such things as migraine controls and to induce abortions. Ergotamines result in the constriction of blood vessels which can result in tissue death (gangrene) and is also toxic to nerves.
• Stress fractures: Stress fractures are weak spots or small cracks in the bone caused by continuous overuse.
• Superficial thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein wall
• Syringomyelia: Spinal cord cysts
• Thigh conditions: Any condition that affects the thigh
• Thigh injury: Any injury to the thigh
• Thigh pain: A condition which is characterized by pain which is located in the thigh
• Trochanteric bursitis: Inflammation of the trochanteric bursa which is a pouch of synovial fluid which is located in the hip. The inflammation is most often due to overuse and excessive pressure but may also result from injury or rheumatoid arthritis.
• Varicose veins: Appearance of veins in the skin
• Venous insufficiency: A condition which is characterized by inadequacy of the venous valves which impairs venous drainage

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