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Is there jaundice? Hepatomegaly with jaundice may make one think of hemolytic anemias; toxic or infectious hepatitis; bile duct obstruction due to stones, carcinoma of the pancreas, or ampulla of ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is the jaundice associated with hepatomegaly? There is little or no hepatomegaly associated with hemolytic anemias, pernicious anemia, Gilbert's disease, and Dubin ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a family history of migraine or epilepsy? Migraine and epilepsy both present with abdominal pain.
Is the pain colicky or persistent? Chronic colicky abdominal pain ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Where is the pain located? If it is diffuse, one should consider pancreatitis, mesenteric artery occlusion, or ruptured peptic ulcer. In addition, another viscus may ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Hepatomegaly, or enlargement of the liver, usually refers to a liver span of larger than 12 cm at the right midclavicular line or a palpable left lobe in the epigastrium. However, liver size... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Yellow skin pigmentation caused by elevated serum bilirubin level is termed jaundice. Bilirubin is the major breakdown product of hemoglobin that is released from dying or damaged erythrocytes. The normal serum... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Lower abdominal pain is a common complaint that must be evaluated carefully and systematically to reach the appropriate diagnosis in timely manner. All diagnoses must be considered, with the most emergent etiologies rapidly ruled... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Upper abdominal pain is a common presenting symptom. A complete differential diagnosis should be developed based on the organs in the upper abdomen in addition to the associated history... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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In evaluating an acute abdomen, rebound tenderness is one of the most important signs of peritonitis. It is elicited by pressing deeply on the abdomen and then suddenly releasing pressure, which stretches the peritoneum... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Abdominal pain is a frequent complaint and associated with an enormous number of causes. Many causes of acute abdominal pain require surgical intervention, so a prompt diagnosis is needed. Diagnostic clues would include the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hepatomegaly represents the clinical appearance of liver enlargement and can occur via five mechanisms, including inflammation, excessive storage, infiltration, congestion, and obstruction. The presence of a palpable liver does not always... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Jaundice refers to the presence of a yellow hue of the skin, sclerae, or mucous membranes. Direct, or more specifically, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia represents a pathologic condition of cholestasis. It is defined as a direct... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Jaundice is the presence of a yellow hue of the skin, sclerae, or mucous membranes due to elevation of serum bilirubin; it usually becomes apparent at a total serum bilirubin level of 5 mg... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Two key words to think of here are histology and obstruction. The analysis of the differential diagnosis of hepatomegaly is best begun with a histologic breakdown of the liver tissue ( Table 37 ). Thus, there
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... Jaundice is not to be confused with xanthochromia, in which the skin turns orange from carotene deposits but the sclerae remain normal in appearance. Carotenemia is often seen in hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus, but
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... The GI tract is the only “organ” that really covers the abdomen from one end to the other. Anything that causes an irritation of all or a large portion of this “
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times, such pain signals life... Emergency interventions
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... Hepatomegaly, an enlarged liver, indicates potentially reversible primary or secondary liver disease This sign may stem from diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms, including dilated hepatic sinusoids (in heart failure), persistently high... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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...Icterus
A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, or sclera of the eyes, jaundice indicates excessive levels of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. In... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Palpable Liver without Hepatic Pathology
Normal variant
Thin or flaccid abdominal wall
Depressed right diaphragm (e.g.
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... Primarily Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased production
Hemolysis, intravascular or extravascular
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... Diffuse
Gastroenteritis
Peritonitis
Pancreatitis
Leukemia
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... Abdominal Disorders
Inflammatory disorders
Peritoneum
Peritonitis (chemical or bacterial)
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can also be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins.... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Hepatomegaly, an enlarged liver, indicates potentially reversible primary or secondary liver disease. This sign may stem from diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms, including dilated hepatic sinusoids (in heart failure), persistently... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, or sclera of the eyes, jaundice indicates excessive levels of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. In fair-skinned patients, it’s most... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Abdominal Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Richard W. Emerine
Abdominal pain of varying causes, ranging from the functional to the organic, is one of the top ten outpatient complaints; it is the chief complaint for 5% to 10% of patients... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Hepatomegaly
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Darryl G. White and Bruce A. Leibert
Approach Hepatomegaly is a physical sign noted on abdominal examination that is present in hepatobiliary disease but is not specific or sensitive to one cause. Defining... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Summary ... Pictures
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Jaundice
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... James M. Brian and Cara K. Fox
The hepatobiliary system removes bilirubin, a byproduct of hemoglobin metabolism, from the blood stream. Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and sclera,... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Acute hepatitis
❑ Chronic hepatitis
❑ Cirrhosis
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Conjugated
❑ Viral hepatitis
❑ Gallstone obstruction
&... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome
❑ Peptic ulcer disease
❑ Cholecystitis
❑ Chronic pancreatitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
Generalized/Periumbilical
❑ Gastroenteritis
❑ Obstipation
❑ Small bowel... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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Abdominal pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but can also be caused by drug use, ingestion of toxins, or disorders of the reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular systems. At... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times, such pain... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Hepatomegaly (an enlarged liver) indicates potentially reversible primary or secondary liver disease. This sign may stem from diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms, including dilated hepatic sinusoids (in heart failure),... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, or sclerae of the eyes, jaundice indicates excessive levels of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. Also... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Many diseasescause abdominal pain, and clinical dilemma is to distinguish life-threateningones from those that are mild and self-limited. Best way to approach diagnosis is to... Principal Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Abdominal Pain ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Abdominal Pain ... Principal Causes of Chronic or Recurrent Abdominal Pain ... Diagnostic Approach: Chronic or Recurrent Abdominal Pain ... References
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Hepatomegaly
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Liver sizemay be estimated by degree of extension of liver edge below costalmargin or by span of liver dullness to percussion. In children liver edge may be normallypalpable up to 2 cm below... Principal Causes of Hepatomegaly ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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Jaundice
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Jaundice,yellow discoloration of skin and sclera, is produced by depositionof bilirubin in these tissues. Increase in unconjugated or conjugatedbilirubin or both produce jaundice,... Principal Causes of Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia(Neonatal Onset) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia(Postneonatal Onset) ... Diagnostic Approach: Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ... Principal Causes of Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia (NeonatalOnset) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia(Neonatal Onset) ... Principal Causes of Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia (PostneonatalOnset) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia(Postneonatal Onset) ... Diagnostic Approach: Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia ... References
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times, such pain signals life-threatening... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Hepatomegaly, an enlarged liver, indicates potentially reversible primary or secondary liver disease. This sign may stem from diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms, including dilated hepatic sinusoids ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, or sclera of the eyes, jaundice indicates excessive levels of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin in the blood. In fair-skinned patients, it's most noticeable on the face, trunk, and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Two key words to think of here are histology and
obstruction. The analysis of the differential diagnosis of hepatomegaly is
best begun with a histologic breakdown of the liver... Pictures
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...
Jaundice is not to be confused with xanthochromia, in which the skin
turns orange from carotene deposits but the sclerae remain normal in
appearance. Carotenemia is often seen in hypothyroidism and diabetes ... Pictures
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...
The GI tract is the only “organ” that really covers the abdomen
from one end to the other. Anything that causes an irritation of all or a ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
