...
Is the constipation acute or chronic? If the constipation is acute and there is abdominal pain or vomiting, one must consider the possibility of intestinal obstruction. An examination may ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there bleeding? The presence of bleeding with pain suggests an anal fissure, hemorrhoids, carcinoma, rectal prolapse, and intussusception. ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there blood in the stool? From the algorithm, blood in the stool should indicate that there is
Salmonella
,
Shigella
,
Campylobacter jejuni
... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a positive drug or alcohol history? It is well known that alcohol can cause diarrhea, as do drugs in common use, such as digitalis, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Constipation is a common complaint that must be accurately defined by the patient before initiating an extensive evaluation. Constipation may include fewer than three bowel movements (BMs) in a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Rectal complaints are common and distressing for patients. Although most causes of rectal pain and bleeding are benign and treatable, carcinoma must be considered and ruled out in older patients (>40 years) and those with suggestive... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diarrhea is defined as an increase in the volume of bowel movements. Acute diarrhea is designated as being of less than 4 weeks’ duration. Many patients describe increased frequency or decreased... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea is defined as increased volume bowel movements persisting for more than 4 weeks. Mechanisms of diarrhea are categorized as increased secretion, decreased absorption, osmotic... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Constipation is a common complaint, accounting for 3% of all pediatric office visits. Stool frequency can be variable in infants, who average 4 per day (SD 1.8) at 1 week, 2.2 per day (SD... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea (nonbloody, without weight loss) is defined as increased total daily stool output (greater than 10 g/kg/day), associated with increased stool water content; diarrhea is classified as chronic when it lasts longer than 2... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diarrhea is considered chronic when it last longer than 14 days. Weight loss with diarrhea should always be concerning and deserves thorough investigation. Collectively the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Acute diarrhea is an abrupt onset of increased fluid content of stool above about 10 mL/kg/day and increased frequency from 4–5 to more than 20 times daily. It is a major problem worldwide because of excessive... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The causes of constipation can be recalled on a physiologic basis. Normal defecation requires feces that are of proper consistency, good muscular contraction of the walls of the large intestine,
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... The differential diagnosis of diarrhea may be approached from either an anatomic or a physiologic basis. The anatomic approach is used in Table 22. In the stomach
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... Practically the whole specialty of proctology is devoted to taking care of patients with rectal pain. To develop the differential diagnosis it is useful first to divide the conditions into
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... Constipation is defined as small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements. Because normal bowel movements can vary in frequency and from individual to individual, constipation is relative and must be... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient's normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Behavioral/Psychiatric Factors
Low-residue diet
Chronic laxative and/or enema abuse
Immobility
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... Acute Diarrhea
Infections
Viral gastroenteritis (adenovirus, Norwalk agent, rotavirus, etc.)
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... Constipation is defined as small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements. Because normal bowel movements can vary in frequency and from individual to individual, constipation must be determined in relation to the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Diarrhea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel elimination habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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Constipation
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... W. Robert Kiser
Approach Constipation, defined as the passage of two or fewer stools per week (1), is the most frequently reported gastrointestinal (GI) complaint in primary care,... History ... Physical examination ... Diagnostic testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Diarrhea
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Francis G. O’Connor
Diarrhea is one of the most common clinical complaints encountered by primary care providers. Although diarrhea infrequently requires a significant diagnostic evaluation and no more than... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing (5) ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Lifestyle
❑ Drugs
❑ Depression
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome
❑ Pelvic... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Hemorrhoid
❑ Rectal fissure
❑ Prostatitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Viral gastroenteritis
❑ Staphylococcal enterotoxin
❑ E. coli ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Altered Intestinal Motility
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome
❑ Diabetic enteropathy
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Also known as lazy colon, colonic stasis, colonic inertia, and atonic constipation, chronic constipation may lead to fecal impaction if left untreated. It’s common in elderly... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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Diarrhea
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Constipation is defined as small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements. Because normal bowel movements can vary in frequency and from individual to individual, constipation must be determined in... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient’s normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Constipation
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Constipationis difficult passage of hard stools. Clinical problem is not infrequent passageper se, but difficult and painful bowel movements. Common manifestations... Principal Causes of Constipation ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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Diarrhea
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Definedas stools that are more fluid and frequent than normal. Can be acute or chronic (>2–3wks in duration). Acute diarrhea is discussed in first section ofthis chapter, and... Principle Causes of Acute Diarrhea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Diarrhea ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Diarrhea ... Principle Causes of Chronic Diarrhea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Chronic Diarrhea ... Diagnostic Approach: Chronic Diarrhea ... References
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... Constipation is defined as small, infrequent, or difficult bowel movements. Because normal bowel movements can vary in frequency and from individual to individual, constipation is relative and must be determined in... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Usually a chief sign of an intestinal disorder, diarrhea is an increase in the volume of stools compared with the patient's normal bowel habits. It varies in severity and may be acute or chronic. Acute diarrhea may result from acute... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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The causes of constipation can be recalled on a physiologic basis.
Normal defecation requires feces that are of proper consistency, good
muscular contraction of the walls of... Pictures
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...
Practically the whole specialty of proctology is devoted to taking care
of patients with rectal pain. To develop the differential diagnosis it is
useful first to divide the conditions into extrinsic and
... Pictures
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