Glossary for Lump

Medical terms related to Lump or mentioned in this section include:

• Abdominal Cancer: Growth of abnormal cells (tumour) affecting the organs in the abdominal cavity; may be due to primary growth of a tumour or spread from another tumour (metastases, secondary tumour)
• Abscess: This is an area of puss collected in a cavity which is constituted by necrotised tissue
• Acne: Pimples and blackheads on the skin
• Acne Vulgaris: Another term for the common skin disorder called acne. Acne may occur just about anywhere on the body but is most common on the face, neck and back. The condition may be mild with just a few small spots or severe where large painful cysts develop. Acne generally results from dead skin blocking skin pores which results in infection.
• Acrospiroma: A tumor that develops in the ends of sweat glands in the skin. They are usually benign.
• Adenocarcinoma: Refers to a variety of malignant epithelial cell tumors of the glands.
• Adenocarcinoma, Follicular: A type of cancer of the thyroid gland.
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma: A malignant cancer in the form of cysts which may occur in the salivary glands, breast, mucous glands of the respiratory tract and sometimes in vulval vestibular glands. Also called adeoncystic carcinoma, adenomyoepithelioma, cribriform carcinoma or cylindroma.
• Adenoma: A tumor derived from the epithelial cells from a gland.
• Adult Fibrosarcoma: A malignant tumor that develops from fibroblasts (cells that produce connective tissue) and tends to occur in soft tissue or in areas surrounding bones. Adult fibrosarcoma tends to affect mainly deep soft tissue, trunk, head, neck and upper arms and legs. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor. The tumors are usually slow growing and can metastasize.
• Aggressive fibromatosis - parapharyngeal space: A type of tumor that occur near in the space around the pharynx and is locally invasive but not malignant. They tend to occur mainly in the head and neck region and symptoms depend on the exact location and aggressiveness of the tumor. Tumors often reoccur after surgical removal which then requires further treatment with radiation and chemotherapy.
• Aleukemic leukemia cutis: A rare form of leukemia where the skin is involved before the leukemic cells appear in the blood. It is usually an early sign of leukemia.
• Allergic contact dermatitis: An allergic contact dermatitis is where the body's immune system causes a skin reaction in response to direct contact with an allergen. Symptoms usually only affect the skin directly in contact with the allergen but in severe cases, symptoms may spread around the contact site or even become widespread across the body.
• Anal lump: Lump in the anal area as a symptom
• Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A rare type of cancer where a tumor develops in lymph tissue and usually consists of white blood cells and null cells. It is a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The tumors can develop in more than one lymph node and can also occur in the skin and various organs such as the liver, bones or lungs.
• Anaplastic small cell lymphoma: A rare type of cancer where a tumor develops in lymph tissue and consists mainly of small cells. It is a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The tumors can develop in more than one lymph node and can also occur in the skin and various organs such as the liver, bones or lungs.
• Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia: A rare disorder characterized by a localized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which can form a benign tumor-like growth. The symptoms are determined by the location and number of growths. There are two types of the disease: hyaline-vascular type or the plasma cell type which tends to have more severe symptoms.
• Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia - hyaline-vascular type: A rare disorder characterized by a localized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which can form a benign tumor-like growth. There are two types of the disease: hyaline-vascular type or the plasma cell type which tends to have more severe symptoms. The hyaline-vascular type is usually asymptomatic but symptoms can be determined by the location and number of growths and the effect it can have on nearby tissue by pushing against it - e.g. squashing blood vessels.
• Angiomyomatous Hamartoma: A type of tumor that originates from blood vessel tissue. It is a rare type of tumor that tends to occur most often in lymph nodes in the inguinal (lower abdominal and groin) area.
• Angiosarcoma of the breast: A rare type of cancer that starts in the lining of blood vessels in the breast. It is generally an aggressive tumor which often metastasizes.
• Ankle lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically at or near the ankle joint
• Anthrax: A serious infectious bacterial disease that can be fatal.
• Anxiety disorder: A mental condition that is characterized by anxiety and avoidance behaviours
• Arm lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically at or near the ankle joint
• Atopic dermatitis: Skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation, and pruritis. Often hereditary and associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma.
• Atopic dermatitis 1: Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and itching. Dry, red, itchy patches of skin tend to develop most often in the folds of the arms and knees, wrists, face and hands. Atopic dermatitis often runs in a family which means that a genetic anomaly may increase a person's susceptibility to developing the skin condition. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 3q21. The genetic anomaly means that the patient is more susceptible to developing atopic dermatitis. The condition is often associated with hay fever and asthma.
• Atopic dermatitis 2: Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and itching. Dry, red, itchy patches of skin tend to develop most often in the folds of the arms and knees, wrists, face and hands. Atopic dermatitis often runs in a family which means that a genetic anomaly may increase a person's susceptibility to developing the skin condition. Type 2 is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q21. The genetic anomaly means that the patient is more susceptible to developing atopic dermatitis. The condition is often associated with hay fever and asthma.
• Atopic dermatitis 3: Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and itching. Dry, red, itchy patches of skin tend to develop most often in the folds of the arms and knees, wrists, face and hands. Atopic dermatitis often runs in a family which means that a genetic anomaly may increase a person's susceptibility to developing the skin condition. Type 3 is linked to a defect on chromosome 20p. The genetic anomaly means that the patient is more susceptible to developing atopic dermatitis. The condition is often associated with hay fever and asthma.
• Atopic dermatitis 4: Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and itching. Dry, red, itchy patches of skin tend to develop most often in the folds of the arms and knees, wrists, face and hands. Atopic dermatitis often runs in a family which means that a genetic anomaly may increase a person's susceptibility to developing the skin condition. Type 4 is linked to a defect on chromosome 17q25.3. The genetic anomaly means that the patient is more susceptible to developing atopic dermatitis. The condition is often associated with hay fever and asthma.
• Atopic dermatitis 5: Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and itching. Dry, red, itchy patches of skin tend to develop most often in the folds of the arms and knees, wrists, face and hands. Atopic dermatitis often runs in a family which means that a genetic anomaly may increase a person's susceptibility to developing the skin condition. Type 5 is linked to a defect on chromosome 13q12-q14. The genetic anomaly means that the patient is more susceptible to developing atopic dermatitis. The condition is often associated with hay fever and asthma.
• Atopic dermatitis 6: Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and itching. Dry, red, itchy patches of skin tend to develop most often in the folds of the arms and knees, wrists, face and hands. Atopic dermatitis often runs in a family which means that a genetic anomaly may increase a person's susceptibility to developing the skin condition. Type 6 is linked to a defect on chromosome 5q31-q33. The genetic anomaly means that the patient is more susceptible to developing atopic dermatitis. The condition is often associated with hay fever and asthma.
• Autosensitization dermatitis: A skin reaction involving the development of a variety of skin lesions in response to infections (virus, bacteria, fungus, parasite), inflammatory skin conditions or other triggers. The skin reaction may vary considerable in appearance from itchy red skin to the development of blisters and may involve variable portions of the body.
• Back lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically at or near the ankle joint
• Bartholin's abscess: Abscess in a small vaginal gland
• Behind knee lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically behind the knee
• Benign lymphoma: A lymphatic tumor which is not cancerous. There are usually no symptoms other than a lump at the site of the lymphoma.
• Benign tumor: A tumor or growth that remains localized; not always harmless.
• Body skin hyperlaxity due to vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor deficiency: A rare inherited connective tissue disorder caused by a deficiency of a blood coagulation factor.
• Boil: Infected puseous hair follicle on the skin
• Breast abscess: The presence of an abscess which has formed within the breast
• Breast cancer: A condition which is characterized by the presence of malignant tissue within breast tissue
• Breast lump: Lump in the breast or on the skin area
• Bubble bath allergy: An immune-mediated reaction to exposure to bubble bath solutions. Bubble bath allergy tends to be more common in children and symptoms can vary in nature and severity.
• Bubonic plague: Severe flea-borne bacterial disease
• Buffalo Hump: Fat accumulation on the back of the neck.
• Buttock lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the buttocks
• Calf lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the calf or calves
• Cancer: Abnormal overgrowth of body cells.
• Carcinoma of the vocal tract: Cancer of the vocal cords in the larynx.
• Cataract, alopecia, sclerodactyly: A rare disorder characterized by cataracts, lack of hair and skin changes in the hands and feet.
• Cercarial dermatitis: A short-lived rash that occurs as an allergic reaction to larval (cercariae) infection of the skin. These particular parasites use birds and animals as their first hosts. Larval eggs are excreted in the faeces and when they land in water, they hatch into larvae which then infect certain aquatic snails. The infected snails release another form of the larvae called cercariae which then search for a bird, mammal host. When they enter the skin of a human they die as humans are unsuitable hosts but the skin can produce an allergic reaction.
• Cervical lymphadenopathy: The enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes
• Chalazion: Slow-growing swelling of the upper or lower eyelid usually caused by a blockage in the oil glands in the eyelid.
• Chancroid: An sexually transmitted disease caused by the Haemophilus ducreyi bacteria and is characterized by painful genital ulceration.
• Chest lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the calf or calves
• Childhood liver cancer, primary: Cancer that develops in the tissue of the liver in children.
• Chin lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the chin
• Chloroleukemia: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Chloroma: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Chloromyeloma: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Cleft upper lip, median - cutaneous polyps: A rare birth disorder characterized mainly by a cleft in the upper lip, central nervous system tumors and skin polyps.
• Congenital hypotrichosis milia: A rare inherited disorder characterized by reduced hair from birth and the development of numerous milia which tend to disappear by adolescence. The milia occur on the face, chest, armpits and genital area.
• Costello syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by papillomas which may become malignant.
• Cowden's syndrome: A rare hereditary condition characterized by multiple noncancerous nodules called hamartomas. Sufferers also face an increased risk of particular cancers.
• Cutaneous Anthrax: A skin infection caused by the spores of the anthrax bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. The infection occurs when the spores enter broken skin and result in a small red bump which blisters. The blister ruptures and forms a dark scab over dead tissue.
• Cutaneous mastocytosis: Skin mastocytosis
• Cyst: Fluid-filled lump under the skin often produced by over-secreting gland
• Cystic Hygroma: A progressive condition characterized by a sac filled with lymphatic fluid that forms in the lymphatic system, usually at the nape of the neck but sometimes in other parts of the body.
• Cystic hygroma, lethal - cleft palate: A very rare lethal syndrome characterized mainly by cysts that form in the lymphatic system as well as an opening in the palate (cleft palate).
• Cysticercosis: An infectious disease caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. If the larvae are ingested then a mild or asymptomatic tapeworm infection occurs. However, ingested eggs pass into the bloodstream where they can then enter various tissues and form the cysts that characterize cysticercosis.
• Cystosarcoma phyllodes: An aggressive type of malignant breast cancer.
• Cysts: Fluid-filled lump under the skin often produced by over-secreting gland
• Davenport-Donlan syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, white hair, contractures and papillomas.
• Delayed Viral Syndromes: Syndromes caused by viral infections that are delayed in there appearance
• Demodicidosis: A parasitic infection caused by the Demodex mite (Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis) which normally live harmlessly in hair follicles especially on the facial area. The mite can cause symptoms in immunocompromised people.
• Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
• Dermoid cyst: Benign cystic tumor often containing skin, hair, and other tissue
• Desmoid tumor: Benign tumors that occur in soft tissue and often develop in tendons, ligaments and tend to occur in the arms, legs and abdomen. The tumors are quite aggressive in that they are difficult to get rid of an though they aren't malignant, they can spread to surrounding tissue.
• Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by abnormal proliferation of B-lymphocytes. It is a cancer of the B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which, if untreated, can spread to other parts of the body such as the bones and the liver. It differs from follicular lymphoma in that it is a high-grade lymphoma that usually develops rapidly. Follicular lymphoma often transforms into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• Duct obstruction: obstruction of the ducts that carry milk to the nipple
• Ear lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the chin
• Eczema: Skin rash usually from allergic causes.
• Elbow lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the elbow
• Environmental allergen related eczema: Environmental allergen related eczema is a form of eczema that results from exposure to an environmental allergen such as moulds, pollens or dust mite. Environmental allergens are more likely to cause allergic conditions such as hay fever and asthma but can cause eczema in some cases or exacerbate pre-existing cases. Eczema is a type of skin inflammation or irritation that manifests as a skin rash. The amount of skin involved may vary considerable from a single small patch to widespread across large areas of the body.
• Erucism: Erucism is a skin reaction to envenomation from certain poisonous caterpillar spines. The reaction can be cause by contact with the spines or hairs of the caterpillar. Even airborne caterpillar hair can cause symptoms as can spines or hair on dead caterpillars.
• Erythema elevatum diutinum: A rare chronic skin disorder characterized by skin nodules and plaques near joints and on the back of the hands and feet.
• Erythema nodosum: Allergic skin condition usually on the legs
• Exostoses: Development of non-cancerous bony growths on bones. Pain can result depending on the size and location of the growth.
• Extramedullary Myeloid Tumor: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Eye lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the chin
• Eyelid lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the eyelid
• FLOTCH syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Facial lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the face
• Familial Eosinophilic Cellulitis: A relatively uncommon, recurring skin condition which is inherited and characterized by flame-shaped, raised, red skin lesions. The skin lesions usually blister and change color and resolve after a few weeks. One or more skin lesions may be present.
• Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease: A very rare skin disease characterized by bleeding skin ulcers and fever. There is no obvious cause of the condition. The skin ulcers spread and can cover most of the body. Sepsis and death is more likely in adults.
• Femoral lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the leg
• Fibroadenoma: Benign tumor containing fibrous tissues and glands (common in breasts)
• Fibrocystic breasts: The development of benign fluid-filled cysts in the breasts as well as scar-like tissue. The cysts can make breast cancer examinations more difficult.
• Fibroma: A tumour that is comprised mainly of fibrous connective tissue
• Fibromatosis: A benign soft tissue tumor. The tumors can vary greatly in size and can cause pain.
• Finger lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the finger or fingers
• Fingernail lump: A lump located on the fingernail
• Focal dermal hypoplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by bone, skin, teeth and pigmentation abnormalities as well as asymmetry of the face, trunk ant extremities.
• Follicular hamartoma - alopecia - cystic fibrosis: A rare syndrome characterized by small benign growths that develop in hair follicles, alopecia and cystic fibrosis.
• Follicular lymphoma: A form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by an abnormal proliferation of B-lymphocytes. It is a cancer of the B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which, if untreated, can spread to other parts of the body such as the bones and the liver. It differs from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in that it is a low-grade lymphoma that usually develops slowly. Follicular lymphoma often transforms into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• Foot lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the foot
• Fucosidosis type II: A form of the biochemical disorder called fucosidosis where an enzyme deficiency (alpha-fucosidase) results in the accumulation of certain chemicals (glycosphingolipids) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Symptoms start later and progress slower than in type I and is distinguished by warty skin growths.
• Galactocele: A milk filled cyst caused by a blocked mammary duct.
• Ganglion cyst: Cyst affecting the sheath of tendons
• Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis: Very rare intestinal infection
• Genital herpes: Sexually transmitted infection of the genital region.
• Genital warts: Skin warts in the genital regions.
• Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome: A skin condition characterized by the development of red skin bumps on the face, extremities and buttocks. The condition is self-limiting and usually resolves in about 3 weeks. The underlying cause is a viral infection such as Epstein-Barr virus, Coxsackie virus, parainfluenza virus, vaccine-related virus, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis B virus.
• Giant mammary hamartoma: A rare benign type of tumor-like breast growth. The breast lumps usually cause no pain and are made up of fat, fibrous tissue and glandular tissue.
• Gout: Painful joints, most commonly the big toe.
• Granuloma inguinale: Granulomous disease spread sexually.
• Graves disease: A condition which is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid resulting hyperthyroidism
• Groin lump: Lump or swelling in the groin area
• Guizar-Vasquez-Luengas syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by corneal dermoids and short stature.
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A progressive disease of the thyroid which leads to degeneration and hypothyroidism
• Hashimoto-Pritzker syndrome: A rare harmless skin disorder characterized by the accumulation of histiocytes (infection-fighting cells) in the skin which forms nodules. The condition occurs at birth or soon after and resolves spontaneously within a month.
• Heat rash: Skin rash due to hot and humid weather
• Heel lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the heel
• Hemorrhoids: A condition characterized by the prolapse of an anal cushion that may result in bleeding and pain
• Hodgkin's Disease: A form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
• Human Papillomavirus: Very common sexually transmitted disease causing genital warts and associated with certain cancers.
• Hypopharyngeal cancer: Cancer of the bottom part of the throat (hypopharynx).
• Hypopigmented lesions in children:
• Hypothyroidism: The decreased activity of the thyroid gland
• Impetigo: Contagious skin rash from bacteria
• Incontinentia Pigmenti: A rare genetic skin pigmentation disorder characterized by eye, teeth, bone, nail and hair malformations as well as central nervous abnormalities and mental deficiency.
• Infantile Fibrosarcoma: A tumor that develops from fibroblasts (cells that produce connective tissue) and tends to occur in soft tissue or in areas surrounding bones. Juvenile fibrosarcoma tends to have a much better prognosis compared to adult fibrosarcoma.
• Infantile myofibromatosis: A benign fibrous tumor that usually occurs in children or infants. The tumor is not cancerous but the location and size of the tumor can cause problems and even death in some cases if certain organs are involved. Tumors can occur in the skin, muscle, internal organs and bone.
• Inflammatory breast cancer: Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive form of invasive breast cancer, where the skin of the breast becomes red, inflamed and pitted in appearance.
• Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors: A rare tumor that tends to occur mainly in the soft tissue and internal body organs. The more common specific locations are soft tissue, mediastinum, pancreas, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, mouth, skin, breast, nerve, bone and central nervous system. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the tumor.
• Inguinal hernia: Protrusion of the intestines out of the groin area.
• Inguinal swelling: A lump or swelling in the inguinal region.
• Injury: Any damage inflicted in the body
• Insulin-resistance syndrome, type A: A syndrome characterized by insulin resistance resulting in distinctive skin lesions called acanthosis nigricans. It is the least severe form of insulin resistance.
• Irritant contact eczema: Irritant contact eczema is a form of eczema that occurs when an irritating substance comes into direct contact with the skin. Eczema is a type of skin inflammation or irritation that manifests as a skin rash. This form of eczema often occurs in occupational settings.
• Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome: A rare, inherited disorder characterized by thickening of nails, white patches on mouth and anus(leukoplakia) and thickened hard skin on soles and palms.
• Juvenile temporal arteritis: A rare form of localized blood vessel inflammation that affects older children and young adults. The condition is harmless and any nodules that develop can be removed and do not reappear. The nodules develop in blood vessels in the temples.
• Kaposi sarcoma: A form of cancer caused by a type of herpesvirus that occurs mainly in the skin but may also affect the lymph nodes, internal organs and mucosal areas. There are four forms of the condition: Classical Indolent form, Endemic African KS, iatrogenic KS and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated KS. Symptoms depend on the extent of internal organ and lymphatic system involvement.
• Kaposi sarcoma, Endemic African form: A form of cancer caused by a type of herpesvirus that occurs mainly in the skin but may also occur in lymph nodes, internal organs and mucosal areas. The classic type tends to occur mainly on the extremities and internal organ involvement is common in adults. An aggressive form of the condition occurs in children and also involves the lymph nodes. The condition is aggressive in children but fairly benign in adults. Symptoms depend on the extent of internal organ and lymphatic system involvement.
• Kaposi sarcoma, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated form: A form of cancer caused by a type of herpesvirus that occurs mainly in the skin but may also occur in lymph nodes, internal organs and mucosal areas. The AIDS-associated form is aggressive and tends to occur mainly on the face, genitals and lower extremities with internal organs often being involved as well. Symptoms depend on the extent of internal organ involvement.
• Kaposi sarcoma, classical indolent form: A form of cancer caused by a type of herpesvirus that occurs mainly in the skin but may also occur in lymph nodes, internal organs and mucosal areas. The classic type tends to occur mainly on the lower legs but the lymph nodes and internal organs may rarely be involved. Symptoms depend on the extent of internal organ involvement.
• Kaposi sarcoma, iatrogenic form: A form of cancer caused by a type of herpesvirus that occurs mainly in the skin but may also occur in lymph nodes, internal organs and mucosal areas. The iatrogenic form tends to occur mainly on the lower legs but the internal organs are often involved as well. It generally affects immunosuppressed patients and can be aggressive or fairly benign. Symptoms depend on the extent of internal organ involvement.
• Keratosis: A localized thickening or overgrowth of the upper skin layer such as in a callus or wart.
• Knee lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the knee
• Kneecap lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the kneecap
• Laryngeal carcinoma: Cancer of the laryngeal area. Smoking and alcohol increase the risk of this cancer.
• Larynx symptoms: Symptoms affecting the larynx (voice box) in the neck
• Launois-Bensaude adenolipomatosis: A benign condition characterized by the development of lumps in the lymph nodes, especially in the neck, armpits and groin.
• Leg lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the leg
• Leishmaniasis: A rare infectious disease caused by any of a number of parasitic Leishmania species. Infection can cause any of three different manifestations: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis.
• Lepidopterism: A systemic illness caused by contact with certain poisonous caterpillar spines or urticating hairs.
• Lewandowsky-Lutz dysplasia: A very rare skin disease involving a genetic susceptibility to the human papillomaviru. Scaly macules (flat pigmented skin lesion) and skin bumps develop on the skin, especially on the back of the hands. The condition carries an increased risk of skin cancer, especially in sun-exposed parts of the body such as the back of the hands. The warty growths can become very extensive and surgery may be needed to remove them.
• Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis: A rare disorder that primarily affects the skin and blood vessels. It is characterized by calcified skin deposits (C), Raynaud syndrome (R), esophageal dysfunction (E), scleroderma of the fingers and toes(S) and telengiectasia - dilated blood vessels (T).
• Lip cancer: It is the main type of oral cancer. Cancer involving the lips
• Lip lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the lip
• Lipoid proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe: A rare congenital lipoid storage disease where lipids, carbohydrates and proteins are deposited onto blood vessel walls and other tissues.
• Lipoma: Tumor of fat cells usually just under the skin
• Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma: A rare slow-growing tumor that tends to occur mainly in deep in the thigh or in the retroperitoneum (space between the abdominal organs and the back of the abdominal space). Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor.
• Liver cancer: The occurrence of malignancy that occurs in the liver
• Liver conditions: Any condition that affects the liver
• Lubarsch-Pick syndrome: A rare disorder involving abnormal amyloid deposits in various parts of the body - heart, skin, muscles, stomach and intestines.
• Lutz-Lewandowsky: A very rare skin disease where scaly macules (flat pigmented skin lesion) and skin bumps develop on the skin, especially on the back of the hands.
• Lutz-Lewandowsky epidermodysplasia verruciformis: A very rare skin disease where scaly macules (flat pigmented skin lesion) and skin bumps develop on the skin, especially on the back of the hands. Patients tend to be prone to skin cancers.
• Lymphatic Filariasis: Parasitic worm infection of the lympatic system
• Lymphatic Obstruction: A blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from body tissues and facilitate immune system cell movement through the body. Lymphatic obstruction can be caused by such things as tumors, surgery, injury and infection. Obstruction can be primary (as in the case of inherited conditions such as lymphatic hypoplasia) or secondary (as in the case of infection).
• Lymphogranuloma venereum: Type of chlamydia (sexually transmitted disease)
• Lymphoma: Any neoplastic disorder that occurs in lymphoid tissue
• Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A rare, progressive blood vessel disease where nodular lesions destroy blood vessels - lungs, skin and nervous system are mainly involved.
• MSBD syndrome: A rare form of osteosclerosis caused by a lack of calcium in the bones.
• Male Breast Cancer: Cancer of the breast in males.
• Malignant Teratocarcinosarcoma: A rare type of cancer that involves connective (bone, cartilage, fat) and epithelial (skin and lining of internal organs) tissue and tends to be of a large size. It often tends to occur in the nose, pharynx and sinus areas. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor.
• Malignant mesenchymal tumor: A malignant tumor that arises from soft tissue. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor. It is a usually aggressive tumor that can occur muscle, fat, bone and blood vessels.
• Mansonella streptocerca infection: A parasitic nematode infection which occurs in West Africa and can be transmitted by mosquito bites. The adult worms tend to live in the skin and cause symptoms.
• Mantle cell lymphoma: A form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (a cancer of the B-lymphocytes) which has a very poor prognosis with the 5-year survival rate being about 25%. The lymphoma can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver, spleen or bone marrow.
• Mastitis: Infected breast common in nursing mothers
• Mastocytosis: A disorder where excessive amounts of mast cells proliferate in organs such as the skin, liver, bone, spleen and gastrointestinal tract. Mast cells occur in connective tissue and defend the body against disease by releasing histamine to stimulate the immune system.
• Merkel cell cancer: A rapidly growing, aggressive form of skin cancer that occur on or just under the skin.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining) or peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibres. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - peritoneal: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - pleural: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Metachondromatosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of firm lumps in the hands and feet caused by bony outgrowhts. The growths regress and regrow in an unpredictable pattern.
• Metastatic squamous neck cancer with occult primary: A type of cancer that occurs in the neck and has spread (metastasized) to the lymph nodes from a primary source that has not been able to be determined. Squamous cells are cells that line hollow organs as well as the skin and throat.
• Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders: Some patients develop lymphoproliferative disorders as a result of using methotrexate to treat autoimmune conditions.
• Mixed sclerosing bone dystrophy: A rare form of osteosclerosis caused by a lack of calcium in the bones.
• Molluscum contagiosum: Common wart-causing virus.
• Mononucleosis: Common infectious virus.
• Mouth conditions: Any condition that affects the mouth
• Mouth lump: Lump or swelling in an area of the mouth.
• Multicentric osteolysis - nodulosis - arthropathy: A rare syndrome characterized by joint disease, loss of bone mineral density and nodulosis.
• Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: A rare condition characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes (immune cells) which causes destructive arthritis and skin nodules.
• Multiple fibrofolliculoma familial: A rare familial genetic disorder characterized by the development of numerous benign hair follicle tumors.
• Multiple keratoacanthoma, Ferguson-Smith type: A condition involving the development of a number of skin tumors which are invasive but regress spontaneously to leave only a pitted scar. The skin lesions tend to occur mostly on sun-exposed areas.
• Mumps: An acute viral disease that causes the salivary glands to become swollen, sore and inflamed. Immunization had greatly reduced the incidence of this disease.
• Myeloid Sarcoma: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Neck conditions: Any condition that affects the neck
• Neck injury: Any injury that occurs to the neck
• Neck lump: Lump in the neck area
• Neck symptoms: Symptoms affecting the neck
• Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy: A rare disorder characterized by thickening and hardening of the skin as well as other symptoms. The course of the disease may be mild or aggressive and occurs in patients with underlying disorders kidney disease.
• Neuroblastoma: neuroblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of infants and children that develops from nerve tissue
• Neuroectodermal tumors primitive: A type of brain tumor that consists of small round cells and is believed to originate from primitive nerve cells in the brain. Symptoms are determined by the exact location of the tumor.
• Neuroepithelioma: A malignant tumor of the retina of the eye.
• Neurofibroma: A benign tumor that originates from nerve cells. The tumors usually arise from nerves in the skin or just under the skin.
• Neurofibromatosis syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by areas of increased and decreased skin pigmentation and the development of many non-cancerous nerve and skin tumors some of which may eventually become malignant.
• Neurofibromatosis type 3A: A rare genetic disorder characterized by areas of increased and decreased skin pigmentation and the development of many non-cancerous nerve and skin tumors some of which may eventually become malignant. The skin tumors tend to develop characteristically on the palms of the hands.
• Neurofibromatosis, familial intestinal: A rare type of familial tumor that arises from intestinal nerves.
• Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome: A rare disorder where the patients has symptoms of neurofibromatosis (nerve tumors) and Noonan syndrome (short stature, bleeding problems, heart defect, unusual facial features, skeletal anomalies, webbed neck).
• Neuropathy, hereditary, sensory, radicular: A rare inherited degenerative disorder of the nervous system characterized by sensory loss in limbs, pain and foot ulcers.
• Nipple conditions: Any condition that affects the nipples
• Nipple lump: Lump felt in or behind the nipple
• Nipple lump (male): Nipple swelling or lump in a male
• Nodule: A small area which is solid to touch
• Nodules: Multiple small areas which are solid to touch
• Nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by joint disease, loss of bone mineral density and nodulosis.
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A condition which is any neoplastic disorder of the lymphoid tissue
• Nose conditions: Any condition that affects the nose
• Nose lump: A lump in or on the skin occurring on the nose.
• Ocular Herpes: Viral infection of the eye from herpes virus.
• Orf: A contagious viral skin disease contracted from infected sheep and goats. It results in painless vesicles that may become red, weeping sores which form a crust and then heal.
• Oropharyngeal cancer, adult: Cancer of the back of the mouth which forms part of the throat including the back of the tongue, tonsils, part of the throat wall and soft palate (oropharynx).
• Oxalosis: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where excess oxalic acid forms crystals which make up urinary stones. In type I primary hyperoxaluria there is a deficiency of peroxisomal alanine-glyoxalate aminotransferase and type II involves a deficiency of the enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase.
• Oxalosis, Type II: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where excess oxalic acid forms crystals which make up urinary stones. In type I primary hyperoxaluria there is a deficiency of the enzyme glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase.
• Oxalosis, type I: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where excess oxalic acid forms crystals which make up urinary stones. In type I primary hyperoxaluria there is a deficiency of alanine-glyoxalate aminotransferase.
• Pain: Any type of pain sensation symptoms.
• Palate cancer: Any cancer that is located anatomically on the palate of the mouth
• Palindromic rheumatism: A rare disorder involving periodic inflammation in and around joints. Eventually, rheumatoid arthritis may develop if the condition persists.
• Palm lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the palm of the hand
• Panic attack: A condition which is characterized by an acute episode of intense anxiety
• Panic disorder: is a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated mood
• Papular mucinosis: A rare skin disease characterized by small, pale, waxy bumps that occur mainly on the hands, face, neck and elbows. The bumps contain a substance called mucin which is a substance found in mucus. The condition may be localized or affected larger areas of skin and in some cases that papules may join together to form ridges.
• Paragonimiases - lung infection: Infection by a parasitic worm, Paragonimus westermani, which are a type of lung fluke which invade the lungs and other organs where they cause problems. Infection occurs through eating freshwater crabs and crayfish which have not been cooked sufficiently.
• Paraomphalocele: A rare birth disorder involving a defect in the abdominal wall through which some of the abdominal contents may protrude. The defect occurs near the umbilical cord.
• Parathyroid cancer, adult: A rare cancer that can occur in the parathyroid gland in adults. The parathyroid glands regulate body calcium levels so cancer of the gland upsets the body's calcium balance causing muscle, bone and other symptoms.
• Parotid gland cancer: A malignancy that is located in the parotid gland
• Pelvic Cancer: Any malignancy that is located in the anatomical location of the pelvis
• Penile cancer, adult: Cancer of the penis.
• Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: An aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by the proliferation of abnormal T-lymphocytes that circulate in the blood in the peripheral parts of the body. It is a rapidly growing lymphoma.
• Peripheral neuroectodermal tumor: A type of tumor that consists of small round cells and occurs in bone or soft tissue in the extremities of the body such as the arms, legs, pelvis or chest wall. Symptoms are determined by the location of the tumor. The tumor may be malignant or benign.
• Persistent lump at site of injection:
• Peyronie's disease: Hard lump on the penis often causing bending.
• Pimples: Pimples or pustules on the skin.
• Pinta: A tropical American skin disease that only affects dark-skinned races. It is caused by an organism the causes thickening and loss of pigmentation of the skin.
• Plague: Any epidemic disease with a high death rate.
• Plasmacytoma anaplastic: The malignant proliferation of plasma cells. The tumor can develop in bone and soft tissue and thus results in a range of symptoms depending on the exact location.
• Primary Lymphatic Obstruction: A blockage of the lymph vessels from birth. Lymph vessels drain fluid from body tissues and facilitate immune cell movement through the body. Primary obstruction can be the result of underdeveloped or malformed lymph vessels.
• Primary biliary cirrhosis: Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive cholestatic disease of the liver.
• Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: A form of primary T-cell lymphoma of the skin which is made up of CD30-positive anaplastic lymphoid cells. The condition generally has a very good prognosis with skin lesions usually regressing on their own though relapses can be frequent.
• Primary granulocytic sarcoma: A malignant tumor derived from immature white blood cells called myeloblasts. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most commonly found in bone, soft tissue, lymph nodes and skin. Symptoms will vary according to the location of the tumor.
• Proctitis: Inflammation which occurs in the rectum
• Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: A rare harmless type of breast tumor.
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, dominant form: A very rare dominantly inherited disorder affecting elastic tissues in the body. The skin, eyes and heart blood vessels can be affected.
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, recessive form: A very rare recessively inherited disorder affecting elastic tissues in the body. The skin, eyes and heart blood vessels can be affected.
• Puretic syndrome: A rare genetic condition characterized by skin tumors and enlarged gums as well as osteopenia and joint contractures. The condition is caused by the accumulation of hyaline in the skin and other tissues.
• Pustules: Small elevated pus containing lesion of the skin
• Pyoderma Gangrenosum: A rare inflammatory skin disorder characterized by small red bumps or blisters which eventually become ulcerated.
• Rectal conditions: Any condition that affects the rectum
• Rectal lump: Lump in the inner rectum or rectal region
• Rectal prolapse: A condition which occurs when there is a protrusion of the rectal mucous membrane through the anal passage
• Renal cancer: Cancer (malignant) of the kidneys. The kidneys are organs that make certain hormones and remove waste from the blood and turning it into urine.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma: Soft tissue cancer occurring in children
• Rhabdomyosarcoma 1: A rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of cancer that arises from rhabdomyoblasts which are immature muscle cells. The tumors can occur arise from muscle tissue almost anywhere in the body but in the embryonal form, tends to occur primarily in the head, neck and genitourinary areas. Symptoms depend on size and location of the tumor. There are two subtypes of this cancer with main difference lying in the genetic origin of the disease. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 11p15.5.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar: A fairly aggressive type of cancer that arises from rhabdomyoblasts which are immature muscle cells. The tumors can occur arise from muscle tissue almost anywhere in the body but in the alveolar form, tends to occur primarily in extremities or trunk. Symptoms depend on size and location of the tumor.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal: A type of cancer that arises from rhabdomyoblasts which are immature muscle cells. The tumors can occur arise from muscle tissue almost anywhere in the body but in the embryonal form, tends to occur primarily in the head, neck and genitourinary areas. Symptoms depend on size and location of the tumor.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal 1: A type of cancer that arises from rhabdomyoblasts which are immature muscle cells. The tumors can occur arise from muscle tissue almost anywhere in the body but in the embryonal form, tends to occur primarily in the head, neck and genitourinary areas. Symptoms depend on size and location of the tumor. There are two subtypes of this cancer with main difference lying in the genetic origin of the disease. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 11p15.5.
• Rhabdomyosarcoma, embryonal 2: A type of cancer that arises from rhabdomyoblasts which are immature muscle cells. The tumors can occur arise from muscle tissue almost anywhere in the body but in the embryonal form, tends to occur primarily in the head, neck and genitourinary areas. Symptoms depend on size and location of the tumor. There are two subtypes of this cancer with main difference lying in the genetic origin of the disease. Type 1 is linked to a defect on chromosome 11p15.5.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune inflammatory condition which primarily affects the joints
• River Blindness: Skin and eye infection caused by the helminth (worm) 'Onchocerca volvulus', transmitted via fly bites and usually seen only in parts of Africa, the Middle East and South America
• Roch-Leri mesosomatous lipomatosis: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the development of many small lipomas. The lipomas are present mainly on the trunk, upper thighs and forearms. They are generally harmless though sometimes painful and can be removed surgically.
• Rombo syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Rosacea: Inflammatory rash affecting cheeks, nose, forehead, chin
• Rubella: A contagious viral infection caused by the Rubella virus which produces a rash and lymph node swelling. It can have serious implication in pregnant women as the virus can be transmitted through the placenta and cause serious fetal defects or even fetal death.
• Salivary gland cancer, adult: Cancer of the salivary glands in adults. Salivary glands are glands that produce saliva to facilitate the process of chewing, swallowing and digesting food.
• Sarcoidosis: Rare autoimmune disease usually affecting the lungs.
• Sarcoma: Any cancer of the connective tissue.
• Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by thickened skin on palms and soles, missing teeth, sparse hair and eyelid cysts.
• Scleromyxedema: A rare connective tissue disorder which causes the skin to become progressively thick and hard. The severity of symptoms is variable with lungs and circulation affected in some patients. The degree of resulting disability, disfigurement and response to treatment is variable.
• Seborrheic keratosis: Thickening of the skin condition usually from age
• Seborrhoea: Excessive sebum production by the sebaceous glands.
• Secondary Lymphatic Obstruction: A blockage of the lymph vessels that occurs secondary to some other condition such as infection. Lymph vessels drain fluid from body tissues and facilitate immune cell movement through the body. Secondary lymphatic obstruction can be caused by such things as tumors, surgery, injury and infection.
• Secretory breast carcinoma: A slow-growing type of breast cancer that can occur in males and females as well as children.
• Seronegative Arthritis: Classification given to the group of joint conditions with similar features to rheumatoid arthritis, but affecting different joints and lacking the specific autoantibodies used to identify rheumatoid arthritis
• Shin lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the shin.
• Shoulder dislocation: Dislocation of the shoulder joint.
• Skin Diseases, Viral: Any condition affecting the skin and caused by a virus. There is a range of viruses that can affect the skin in a number of ways – Epstein-Barr, Fifth disease, viral warts, shingles, measles and herpes.
• Skin bumps: Bumps or lumps on the skin.
• Skin lump: The occurrence of a lump that is located on the skin
• Skin nodules: The occurrence of nodules that are located on the skin
• Skin symptoms: Symptoms affecting the skin.
• Skin tumors: Cancer of the skin; the most common type of cancer.
• Soap allergy: An immune-mediated reaction to exposure to soap. Soap allergy tends to be more common in children and symptoms can vary in nature and severity.
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A rare type of cancerous tumor that originates in soft tissues of the body which includes muscles, nerves, tendons, blood vessels and fat. They can occur anywhere in the body and are often asymptomatic during the early stages and symptoms in the later stages depend on the location and size of the tumor.
• Sore throat: Discomfort in the throat or with swallowing
• Spermatocele: A small collection of sperm that collects on the surface of the testicle, forming a cyst.
• Sporotrichosis: A fungal skin infection caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Usually only the skin is infected but bones, lungs and central nervous system can rarely be affected also. Transmission usually occurs through infection of a skin wound.
• Squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous: A type of skin cancer that occurs mostly on sun-exposed areas of skin but can occur elsewhere on the skin as well as mucous membranes.
• Stress-related eczema: Stress-related eczema is chronic skin inflammation and irritation which is triggered by stress. The severity and extent of the skin involved is variable. Stress may trigger a flare up or may exacerbate existing eczema.
• Styes: inflammation of the glands in the eyelids
• Sun spots: Wart-like lumps from sun exposure
• Sunscreen allergy: An immune-mediated reaction to exposure to sunscreen. Sunscreen allergy tends to be more common in children and symptoms can vary in nature and severity.
• Supraglottic laryngeal cancer: Cancer that arises in the tissue above the vocal cords.
• Swelling symptoms: Symptoms causing swelling or enlargement.
• Synovial sarcoma: A slow-growing malignant cancer that occurs mainly in the deeper soft tissue of the limbs (especially around the knee) but can also affect the head and neck area as well as other parts of the body. The cancer is a soft tissue cancer and can arise from fat, muscle, fibrous and blood vessel tissue. The exact symptoms depend on the location and size of the tumor.
• Syphilis: A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria (Treponema pallidum). The condition is often asymptomatic in the early stages but one or more sores may be present in the early stages. Untreated syphilis usually results in remission of visible symptoms but further severe damage may occur to internal organs and other body tissues which can result in death.
• T-cell lymphoma 1A: T-cell lymphoma 1A is a type of cancer that has genetic origins. The genetic defect is located on chromosome 14q32.1. The anomaly is usually implicated in t-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. The cancer is usually aggressive and tends to target the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen and skin. The cancer is generally quite rare and tends to occur in people over the age of 30.
• Telangiectasia: A cluster of dilated blood vessels on the skin's surface.
• Temperature-related eczema: Temperature-related eczema is chronic skin inflammation and irritation which is triggered by changes in temperature, excessive heat, excessive cold or humidity extremes. The severity and extent of the skin involved is variable. Excessive temperatures may trigger a flare up or may exacerbate existing eczema.
• Teratoma: A neoplasm made up of different types of tissue
• Testicle lump: Lump on the inside of a testicle or the surface region
• Testicular Cancer: Cancer (malignant) that develops in the tissues of one or both testicles.
• Testicular torsion: Twisting of a testicle's spermatic cord
• Thigh conditions: Any condition that affects the thigh
• Thigh injury: Any injury to the thigh
• Thigh lump: Lump in or around the thigh.
• Thyroid cancer, Hurthle cell: A rare form of cancer that originates in the thyroid gland. This cancer is characterized by the abnormal presence of Hurthle cells which may signify benign or malignant thyroid cancer. The cancer usually responds well to treatment if detected in the earlier stages.
• Thyroid cancer, familial medullary: A rare inherited form of thyroid cancer. The familial form of thyroid cancer is more aggressive than other forms.
• Thyroid cancer, follicular: A usually slow-growing cancer of the thyroid gland which is rarely fatal. The cancer develops from cells in the thyroid that produce iodine-containing hormones. This type of cancer usually responds well to treatment.
• Thyroid cancer, medullary: Cancer of the thyroid gland. The cancer develops from the parafollicular cells or in the thyroid gland which produced calcitonin. This type of cancer does not respond to treatment as well as papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. This form of thyroid cancer may be inherited.
• Thyroid cancer, papillary: A usually slow-growing cancer of the thyroid gland which is rarely fatal. The cancer develops from cells in the thyroid that produce iodine-containing hormones. This type of cancer usually responds well to treatment.
• Thyroid hormone plasma membrane transport defect: Thyroid problems caused by a defect in the transport of a thyroid hormone called T4 (thyroxine) within the body. The thyroid produces excessive hormones to try to compensate for that inability of the body to utilize the hormone.
• Thyroid symptoms: Symptoms affecting the thyroid gland
• Toe lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the toe.
• Transitional cell carcinoma: A type of cancer that occurs in the lining of the urinary system organs (renal pelvis, bladder or ureter).
• Trichofolliculoma: A benign hair tumor which looks like a small lump with a tuft of hair growing out of it. The hair is often white and short. They often occur around the nose area.
• Tuberous sclerosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by harmartomatous skin nodules, seizures, phakomata and bone lesions.
• Tularemia: A rare infections disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis (a gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacillus). Transmission occurs through contact with infected animals or there habitats e.g. bites from infected insects or other animals, eating infected wild animals, contact with contaminated water and soil. Symptoms can vary greatly depending on the method of infection. For example infection through inhalation can cause symptoms similar to pneumonia, eating infected animals can cause a sore throat and abdominal symptoms and transmission through the skin can cause result in a painful skin ulcer.
• Tumor: Abnormal tissue growth which may be malignant or benign.
• Tumoral calcinosis: A rare disorder characterized by calcified nodules in soft tissue around joints. Abnormal mineral metabolism results in calcium being deposited in the soft tissue. The nodules may become progressively larger and can cause pain.
• Underarm lump: Lump in the armpit or underarm region
• Urachal cancer: A very rare cancer that occurs in the top of the urinary bladder. The urachus is a tube which joins the belly button to the top of the bladder. After birth, this tube gradually disappears and the amount remaining varies from person to person.
• Urachal cyst: A cyst which occurs in the remnants between the umbilicus and bladder
• Ureter cancer: A malignancy that is located in the ureter
• Urethral cancer: A rare cancer that develops in the urethra which carries urine from the bladder to be excreted.
• Urinary disorders: Any disorder that affects the urinary system
• Urinary system cancer: A malignancy that affects the urinary system
• Urinary tract infection: Infection of the urinary tract
• Urticaria, Cholinergic: A skin rash caused by an abnormal reaction to body heat. The hypersensitivity reaction can be triggered by heat, emotional stress and exercise. Heat triggers may include heat from the sun, hot showers and spicy foods.
• Uterine prolapse: Prolapse of the uterus into the wrong position
• Vagina cancer: Cancer of the vagina.
• Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: A rare allergic type of conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eyelid and most of the eye) which occurs seasonally in warm weather
• Virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome: A fulminant condition characterised by viral infection causing multiple organ infiltrates of haemophagocytic histiocytes.
• WHIM syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by warts, hypogammaglobulinemia (low blood gammaglobulin levels), recurring bacterial infections and myelokathexis (form of neutropenia). It is a form of immunodeficiency disease caused by a mutation in a chemokine receptor.
• Warthin's tumour: A benign parathyroid tumour
• Warts: Wart growths on the skin or genital area.
• Wegener's granulomatosis: A rare disease involving blood vessel inflammation which can affect the blood flow to various tissues and organs and hence cause damage. The respiratory system and the kidneys are the main systems affected.
• Wells syndrome: A rare disorder affecting the skin and characterized by a flame-shaped patch of raised red skin which eventually undergoes changes such as blistering and altered color.
• Whitlow: Fingertip soft pad infection
• Wrist conditions: Any condition that affects an individuals wrist
• Wrist injury: A condition that is characterised by an injury to the wrist
• Wrist lump: A palpable lesion located anatomically on the wrist.
• Wrist symptoms: Symptoms of the wrist area and joint
• Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A lipid laden foam cell tumour of the gallbladder resulting in inflammation
• Yaws: A rare infections disease caused by the spiral-shaped bacteria Treponema pertenue. The disease consists of three phases: skin lesions are followed by bone, joint and widespread skin symptoms and finally by inflammation and destruction of cartilage in the nose, pharynx and palate. Transmission can be through direct contact with infected skin, insect bites or sex.
• Zuskas Disease: A metaplastic condition that affects the lactiferous ducts of the breast

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