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Is it focal or diffuse? Focal muscular atrophy would suggest poliomyelitis, early spinal muscular atrophy, peripheral vascular disease, and sympathetic dystrophy. However ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it unilateral? The presence of unilateral atrophy would suggest hernia surgery, previous orchitis from mumps, gonorrhea, syphilis, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Distal weakness is most likely secondary to neuropathy, and is often associated with loss of deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) either with or without sensory abnormalities. In... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Proximal weakness is usually due to dysfunction of the lower motor unit; that is, anterior horn cells in the spinal cord, neuromuscular junction (NMJ), or the muscle itself. The neurologic examination,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... This symptom is developed using both anatomy and physiology. Atrophy of any muscle may develop in seven ways:
Lack of use of the muscle
Malnutrition or increased body
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... The causes of this sign can best be recalled by using the mnemonic VINDICATE.
TESTICULAR ATROPHY
V—Vascular conditions bring to mind
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... Flaccid muscles are profoundly weak and soft, with decreased resistance to movement, increased mobility, and a greater than normal range of motion (ROM). The result of disrupted muscle innervation, flaccidity can be localized... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Muscle weakness is detected by observing and measuring the strength of an individual muscle or muscle group. It can result from a malfunction in the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, spinal... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Muscle atrophy results from denervation or prolonged muscle disuse. When deprived of regular exercise, muscle fibers lose bulk and length, producing a visible loss of muscle size and contour and apparent emaciation or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Acute or Subacute*
Electrolyte abnormality
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
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... Optic atrophy, or degeneration of the optic nerve, can develop spontaneously (primary) or can follow inflammation or edema of the nerve head (secondary). Some forms of this condition may subside... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Flaccid muscles are profoundly weak and soft, with decreased resistance to movement, increased mobility, and greater than normal range of motion. The result of disrupted muscle innervation,... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Muscle weakness is detected by observing and measuring the strength of an individual muscle or muscle group. It can result from a malfunction in the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Muscle atrophy results from denervation or prolonged muscle disuse. When deprived of regular exercise, muscle fibers lose both bulk and length, producing a visible loss of muscle size and contour and apparent emaciation or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Muscle weakness is detected by observing and measuring the strength of an individual muscle or muscle group. It can result from a malfunction in the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, spinal... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Flaccid muscles are profoundly weak and soft, with decreased resistance to movement, increased mobility, and a greater than normal range of motion (ROM). The result of disrupted... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Muscle weakness is detected by observing and measuring the strength of an individual muscle or muscle group. It can result from a malfunction in the cerebral hemispheres, brain stem, spinal cord,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Muscle atrophy results from denervation or prolonged muscle disuse. When deprived of regular exercise, muscle fibers lose bulk and length, producing a visible loss of muscle size and contour... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
This symptom is developed using both anatomy and
physiology. Atrophy of any muscle may develop in seven ways.
Lack of use of the muscle
... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The causes of this sign can best be recalled by using the mnemonic
VINDICATE.
V—Vascular conditions bring to mind varicoceles, which cause ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
