Glossary for Muscle symptoms

Medical terms related to Muscle symptoms or mentioned in this section include:

• $10q Partial Trisomy$: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 - the genetic material occurs three times in body cells instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms may vary considerably depending on the exact location and size of the duplicated genetic material.
• $14q+ syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• $14qter deletion Syndrome$: A very rare genetic condition where a portion at the end of the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 is missing.
• $18p minus syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing which is characterized by mental and growth deficiencies, drooping upper eyelid and prominent ears. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount of genetic material that is missing.
• $1q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $1q terminal deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where the terminal part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• $2-Hydroxyglutaricaciduria$: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of a certain chemical (2-Hydroxyglutaric) which causes a serious progressive neurological disease and damage to the brain. The features of this disorder are variable and some cases are milder than others.
• $2-Methylbutyric Aciduria$: A very rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency prevents the break down of certain proteins into energy and results in a harmful accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues. More specifically, there is a deficiency of an enzyme (2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to convert the amino acid isoleucine into energy. 2-methylbutyrylglycine levels build up in the body and may cause damage. Symptoms vary according to the degree of enzyme deficiency - can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening.
• $2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency$: A very rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency prevents the break down of certain proteins into energy and results in a harmful accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues. More specifically, there is a deficiency of an enzyme (2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to convert the amino acid isoleucine into energy. 2-methylbutyrylglycine levels build up in the body and may cause damage. Symptoms vary according to the degree of enzyme deficiency - can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening.
• $22q11.2 deletion syndrome$: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• $2p21 deletion syndrome$: This syndrome is a more severe form hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome as a larger portion of genetic material from chromosome 2p21 is deleted. It is characterized by infant seizures, reduced muscle tone, developmental delay, lactic acidosis and unusual facial appearance.
• $2q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $3 alpha methylcrotonyl-Coa carboxylase 1 deficiency$: A rare inherited disorder where lack of a certain enzyme (3-methylcrotonyl-Coa carboxylase) stops proteins with the amino acid leucine being metabolized normally by the body. The leucine builds up in the body and causes damage to the brain and nervous system. The severity of the condition is variable with some cases being mild enough to be asymptomatic. The condition differs from type 2 in that it originates as a defect in a different gene (MCC1 gene) but it causes the same enzyme deficiency.
• $3 alpha methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase 2 deficiency$: A rare inherited disorder where lack of a certain enzyme (3-methylcrotonyl-Coa carboxylase) stops proteins with the amino acid leucine being metabolized normally by the body. The leucine builds up in the body and causes damage to the brain and nervous system. The severity of the condition is variable with some cases being mild enough to be asymptomatic. The condition differs from type 1 in that it originates as a defect in a different gene (MCC2 gene) but it causes the same enzyme deficiency.
• $3 alpha methylglutaconicaciduria, type 3$: A rare genetic condition where a gene mutation prevents the production of certain protein which leads to a build-up of an acid (3-methylglutaconic acid) which can have a negative impact on the body. The condition is characterized mainly by damage to the optic nerve.
• $3-$: A rare genetic disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme (hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase). The severity of the symptoms is highly variable with some cases resulting in death during the first decade while others suffer psychomotor and regression. Symptoms tend to be more severe in males who suffer progressive neurodegeneration whereas females tend to suffer mainly from developmental delay.
• $3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria$: A rare inborn metabolic disorder which causes brain and facial anomalies, seizures and growth problems.
• $3-alpha-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency$: A rare inherited form of biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase). The enzyme deficiency only affects certain body tissues, in particular the skeletal muscles. The lack of enzyme activity prevents some fats being converted into energy. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated during fasting as during fasting, the body tries to rely more heavily on fats for energy. Fatty acids that are not completely metabolized due to the enzyme deficiency may build up in various organs and cause serious complications.
• $3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency$: A rare inherited form of biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase). The enzyme deficiency only affects certain body tissues, in particular the skeletal muscles. The lack of enzyme activity prevents some fats being converted into energy. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated during fasting as during fasting, the body tries to rely more heavily on fats for energy. Fatty acids that are not completely metabolized due to the enzyme deficiency may build up in various organs and cause serious complications.
• $3-alpha-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency$: A metabolic disorder involving an enzyme deficiency which causes symptoms such as degeneration of the nervous system. The other features of the disorder are somewhat variable.
• $3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency$: A rare inherited disorder where lack of a certain enzyme (3-methylcrotonyl-Coa carboxylase) stops proteins with the amino acid leucine being metabolized normally by the body. The leucine builds up in the body and causes damage to the brain and nervous system. The severity of the condition is variable with some cases being mild enough to be asymptomatic.
• $3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 1$: A recessively inherited metabolic disorder characterized by methylglutaconic acid in the urine.
• $3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 4$: A rare genetic disorder where the body's cells are unable to make sufficient energy resulting in an accumulation in the body of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Type 4 is characterized by symptoms which overlap type 1 and 3.
• $3C syndrome$: A rare disorder characterized by cardiac malformations, cerebellar hypoplasia and cranial dysmorphism which gives the disease it's name.
• $4-hydroxyphenylacetic aciduria$: A urinary abnormality usually caused by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid oxidase). The urine contains excess 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
• $47,XXX syndrome$: A genetic condition where females have an extra X chromosome in each of their cells. Normally female cells have two X chromosomes. This is not usually an inherited condition but a defect that occurs during cell division. Often the condition is asymptomatic.
• $49,XXXXY syndrome$: A rare sex chromosome abnormality where there are three extra copies of the X chromosome.
• $4p16.3 deletion$: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of chromosome 4 is deleted at a location called 16.3. The condition is characterized by malformations in most parts of the body as the deletion affects growth and development of the fetus.
• ACAD8 deficiency: An extremely rare metabolic disorder where the body is unable to metabolize certain proteins properly. More specifically, an insufficient level of the enzyme (isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to metabolize the amino acid valine. The onset and severity of symptoms is variable.
• ACAD9 deficiency: A metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-9). The symptoms are variable and are usually triggered by a viral infection or ingestion of aspirin which can trigger a Reye-like episode which can cause death.
• ACTH Deficiency: A rare endocrine disorder involving a lack of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and low levels of cortisol and steroid hormones.
• ACTH deficiency, isolated: An inherited deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The condition results from a genetic defect.
• ADANE: A potentially fatal inherited neurological disease involving brain lesions. Symptoms tend to occur during childhood after an illness involving a fever. The disease is similar to Leigh syndrome but the course is acute rather than chronic.
• AIDS wasting syndrome: A condition where AIDS patients suffer from symptoms such as weight loss, fever, malaise, lethargy, oral thrush and immunologic abnormalities normally associated with AIDS.
• AIDS-Related Complex: Patients with only mild symptoms of HIV infections.
• ALL-Down syndrome: The presence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Down syndrome patients. These patients tend to have a poorer prognosis for the leukemia than patients without Down syndrome.
• APECED Syndrome: APECED is a recessively inherited genetic disease characterized by the presence of two of the following three conditions: impaired parathyroid function, yeast infection (candidiasis) and impaired adrenal gland function (Addison's disease). It is an autoimmune disease resulting from a genetic defect. The body's immune system malfunctions and attacks it's own body tissues.
• ARTS syndrome: A rare lethal syndrome characterized by deafness, optic atrophy and ataxia.
• ATR-X syndrome: A rare X-linked disorder that affects males and is characterized by mental retardation and alpha thalassemia.
• Abdominal Cancer: Growth of abnormal cells (tumour) affecting the organs in the abdominal cavity; may be due to primary growth of a tumour or spread from another tumour (metastases, secondary tumour)
• Abdominal muscle strain: Damage to the abdominal muscle due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Abetalipoproteinemia: A rare genetic disorder involving fat metabolism. The disorder is also known as Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome. Signs of the disease include acanthocytosis, little or no serum beta-lipoproteins and hypocholesterolemia. In severe cases, steatorrhea, ataxia, nystagmus, motor incoordination and retinitis pigmentosa may also occur.
• Abnormal muscle tone: The presence of muscle tone either increased or decreased that varies from what is considered normal
• Abscess: This is an area of puss collected in a cavity which is constituted by necrotised tissue
• Absence of septum pellucidum and septo-optic dysplasia: A rare birth defect where a thin membrane in the middle of the brain is missing. This brain abnormality is never present on it's own but is a characteristic of septo-optic dysplasia where the patient also has optic disk abnormalities and pituitary deficiencies.
• Absent alpha 1 band: An absence of alpha-1-antitrypsin the the body
• Absent corpus callosum - cataract - immunodeficiency: A rare syndrome characterized by immunodeficiency, cleft lip or palate, cataract, reduced pigmentation and brain abnormalities.
• Acanthamoeba infection: Infection with a microscopic, free-living ameba that is readily found in the environment - soil, air and water. Most people exposed to the ameba will not become infected but when infections do occur, they tend to affect the eyes, central nervous system or can cause widespread infection throughout the body.
• Acanthamoeba infection of the central nervous system: Infection by an amoebic organism called Acanthamoeba. Infection usually occurs when the amoeba enters through a break in the skin or through the nose. Infection can be localized or systemic where it can involve the central nervous system and cause potentially fatal meningoencephalitis. Infection of the eye can occur by cleaning contact lenses in contaminated water.
• Acanthocytosis: A rare disorder where most of the red blood cells are abnormal with spiny projections due to lipid abnormalities. The blood abnormality is seen in conditions such as abetalipoproteinemia, severe liver disease and severe malnutrition. Symptoms and prognosis depend on the underlying disorder.
• Acanthosis nigricans muscle cramps acral enlargement: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle cramps, dark velvety patches of skin and large hands and feet.
• Accelerated hypertension: Accelerated hypertension is a condition characterized by a rapid increase in blood pressure. The condition is a medical emergency which can cause organ damage if not treated promptly.
• Accelerated silicosis: An occupation lung disease caused by breathing in silica dust over a long period of time. The lung damage becomes symptomatic and affects breathing and often causes weight loss as well.
• Accessory muscle use: The use of accessory muscles
• Aceruloplasminemia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a lack of the protein ceruloplasmin in the blood resulting in a buildup of iron in the liver, brain and pancreas. This in turn causes diabetes and degeneration of the neural system causing tremors and walking abnormalities.
• Acetazolamide - Teratogenic Agent: Experimental studies on mice, rats and rabbits indicate that the use of Acetazolamide during pregnancy may cause various harmful effects on the fetus. The likelihood and severity of symptoms may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at. The effect on human fetuses has not been conclusively determined.
• Acetyl-coa acetyltransferase 2 deficiency: A rare disorder where a genetic anomaly results in a deficiency of a particular enzyme (Acetyl-coa acetyltransferase 2) which is associated with mental retardation and reduced muscle tone. The enzyme is involved in lipid metabolism
• Achalasia - Addisonianism - Alacrimia syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by achalasia, alacrimia (absent tears) and Addison's disease. Addison's disease involves adrenal insufficiency due to a resistance to adrenocorticotropic hormone. Only about 70 cases reported worldwide.
• Achalasia - addisonianism - alacrima syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by achalasia, alacrimia (absent tears) and Addison's disease. Addison's disease involves adrenal insufficiency due to a resistance to adrenocorticotropic hormone. Only about 70 cases reported worldwide.
• Achalasia - adrenal - alacrima syndrome: A familial disorder characterized by adrenal gland-related hormonal problems, swallowing difficulty (achalasia) and a lack of tears (alacrima). Neurological impairment and motor and sensory neuropathy is progressive. The adrenal glands in patients are resistant to the ACTH hormone and hence fails to operate normally.
• Achard syndrome: An inherited connective tissue disorder characterized primarily by a short head, long, slender bones, recessed lower jaw and loose hand and foot joints.
• Achondroplasia: A rare disease characterized by abnormal bone growth which results in short stature with short arms and legs, large head and characteristic facial features.
• Achrestic anemia: Achrestic anemia is a form of anemia similar to that caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency but it doesn't respond to treatment with Vitamin B12. The condition tends to progress slowly and can result in death if not treated. There are a variety of possible causes.
• Acid-Base Imbalance: A disruption to the normal acid-base equilibrium in the body. There are four main groups of disorder involving an acid-base imbalance: respiratory acidosis or alkalosis and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. Obviously the severity of symptoms is determined by the degree of imbalance.
• Acidemia, isovaleric: A rare genetic condition where the body can't process proteins adequately. More specifically, there are insufficient levels of the enzyme needed to break down an amino acid called leucine. This results in a build up of isovaleric acid which can harm the brain and nervous system. Some people suffer severe symptoms from birth and others suffer milder symptoms that come and go and are affected by such things as infections or consumption of high protein food.
• Acidemia, methylmalonic: An inborn error of metabolism where amino acids in the body aren't metabolized properly resulting in high levels of the acid throughout the body.
• Acidemia, propionic: An inherited genetic disorder where the body is incapable of processing some proteins and fats resulting in the accumulation of certain substances in the body which causes the symptoms of the condition. The condition can be life threatening.
• Acidic dry cell batteries inhalation poisoning: Acidic dry cell batteries contain toxic chemicals which can cause symptoms if inhaled. The smoke emitted from burning batteries can also cause poisoning symptoms if sufficient quantities are inhaled. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved.
• Ackee Fruit Food poisoning: Unripe ackee fruit contains a chemical called hypoglycin A and B which affect the central nervous system and fatty acid oxidation. Eating the unripe fruit can cause symptoms can occur in as little as two hours but is generally 6 to 48 hours. The ackee fruit is found mainly in Jamaica, West Africa, Central America, Sought Florida, southern California and Hawaii.
• Ackerman Dermatitis Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by the association of skin and joint symptoms. It is characterized by arthritis preceded by a skin rash (interstitial granulomatous dermatitis) which can vary in appearance from person to person. The condition tends to go through periods of flares and remission.
• Aconitase deficiency: A rare disorder where deficiency of an enzyme called aconitase results in muscle disease and intolerance to exercise.
• Acquired Aplastic Anemia: A rare disorder involving severe failure of the bone marrow to produce new blood cells. Acquired aplastic anemia means that the condition was not present at birth but developed during the persons lifetime. The condition may be caused by such things as autoimmune reactions, radiation and certain drugs, chemicals or viral infections.
• Acrocallosal Syndrome (Schinzel Type): A rare condition characterized by absence of portion of the brain (corpus callosum), mental deficiency, duplicated toes, mental deficiency and other abnormalities.
• Acrocallosal syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped or absent corpus callosum of brain, duplication of thumb or big toe and extra fingers or toes.
• Acrocephaly - pulmonary stenosis - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by a pointy skull, narrowed pulmonary valve and mental retardation.
• Acrodynia: A disease occurring in infants or young children. Symptoms include edema, pruritis, skin rash, extremities are pink, cheeks and nose are scarlet, profuse sweating, digestive disturbance, photophobia, polyneuritis, irritability, listlessness, apathy and failure to thrive.
• Acromegaly: An abnormal enlargement of the limbs due to increased secretion of growth hormone after the cessation of puberty
• Acute Bokhoror: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Chemical poisoning - Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha: Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha is an ingredient used in certain pesticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A type of encephalitis that usually follows an acute viral infection and involves an immune attack on myelin tissue which is part of the nervous system. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and drowsiness followed by seizures, coma and paralysis. Often results in permanent neurological disorders.
• Acute Pesticide poisoning - xylene: Xylene is an ingredient used in certain insecticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Acute Silicosis: An occupation lung disease caused by breathing in high levels of silica dust.
• Acute VE: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Viliuisk Encephalitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Viliuisk Encephalomyelitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Vilyuisk Encephalitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute Vilyuisk Encephalomyelitis: A brain disease caused by an unknown pathogen which is probably from the Picornavirus family of viruses. Mode of transmission is uncertain but genetic susceptibility may be involved. The incubation period appears to be an average of 15 years. The disease can be classified according to rate of progression: acute or subacute, slowly progressive and chronic. Death is common in the acute phase of the infection which can last from four days to four months.
• Acute adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The acute subtype tends to progress rapidly and is the most prevalent form of the condition.
• Acute biphenotypic leukemia: A rare form of leukemia that has myeloid and lymphoid features.
• Acute erythroleukemia: A rare condition characterized by the presence of abnormal blood cells (erythroblastic precursors) in the bone marrow and blood. The condition is characterized by anemia and generally leads to the development of acute myelogenous leukemia. The acute form has more severe symptoms than the chronic form.
• Acute insomnia: Insomnia which lasts for one night to a few weeks.
• Acute intermittent porphyria: A rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by a disturbed porphyrin metabolism resulting in increased production of porphyrin or its precursors. Symptoms include abdominal pain, photosensitivity and neurological disturbances such as seizures, coma, hallucinations and respiratory paralysis.
• Acute leukaemia of ambiguous lineage: A term used to describe a type of leukemia (a blood cancer) where the leukemic cells cannot be determined as myeloid or lymphoid or where both types of cells are present.
• Acute megacaryoblastic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. More specifically, it involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes).
• Acute meningitis: Acute meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 1: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of immature blood cells (blast cells).
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 2: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 3: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 3 involves the proliferation of promyelocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 4: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 4 involves the rapid proliferation of myelocytes and monocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 5: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 5 involves the rapid proliferation of monoblasts (immature precursors of monocytes) in particular.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 6: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 6 involves the proliferation of the immature precursors of red blood cells called erythroblasts.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 7: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 7 involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes) in particular.
• Acute myelocytic leukemia: A malignant cancer of blood-forming tissues resulting in a high number of immature leukocytes. Symptoms include soft bleeding gums, anemia, fatigue, fever, dyspnea, moderate splenomegaly, joint and bone pains and frequent infections. Also called acute granulocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, splenomedullary leukemia, splenomyelogenous leukemia.
• Acute myelofibrosis: A rare condition where progressive scarring or fibrosis of the bone marrow impairs it's ability to make blood cells causing symptoms such as anemia and liver and spleen enlargement.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to alkylating agent: The use of alkylating agents to treat cancer can result in leukemia in some patients.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to topoisomerase type II inhibitor: The use of topoisomerase type II inhibitors to treat cancer can result in leukemia in some patients.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, therapy related: Certain cancer therapies can result in the development of leukemia in some patients. These therapies includes topoisomerase type II inhibitors and alkylating agents.
• Acute myeloid leukemia: A form of rapidly progressing blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute myeloid leukemia, adult: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute myelosclerosis: A rare disorder where the bone marrow makes too many blood cells. The disease progresses rapidly with death usually occurring within 6 months of onset.
• Acute panmyelosis: A rare condition where progressive scarring or fibrosis of the bone marrow impairs it's ability to make blood cells causing symptoms such as anemia and liver and spleen enlargement. The disease often progresses rapidly and results in death.
• Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment: A rare eye disease where the central vision in one or both eyes is affected by inflammation or fluid build up in the retina. The retina lies at the back of the eye. Symptoms such as fever, headache and malaise often precede the eye symptoms. The cause of the condition is unknown but may have autoimmune origins.
• Acute rheumatic fever: Bacterial joint infection with risk of heart complications.
• Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short chain, deficiency of: A rare disorder where the body lacks enzymes needed to convert some fats (short-chain fatty acids) into energy. Symptoms are exacerbated by fasting or acute illness. The severity of symptoms is variable with some patients remaining virtually asymptomatic their whole life while other suffer symptoms from infancy.
• Adams Nance syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, small eyes and the presence of excess glycine in the urine.
• Addiction symptoms: Symptoms related to addiction (physical or mental addiction)
• Addington disease: An epidemic disease which resembles polio and was first recorded in South Africa. The range and severity of symptoms experienced is variable and the disease may persist from a week to 3 months in some cases.
• Adducted thumb syndrome recessive form: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Adducted thumbs - arthrogryposis, Christian type: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Adducted thumbs Dundar type: A rare disorder characterized by a thumb abnormality as well as mental retardation, foot defects and other anomalies.
• Adenocarcinoid tumor: A rare type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and tends to metastasize. The symptoms are determined by the location of the tumors.
• Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar: A form of lung cancer that develops in the bronchioles or alveoli.
• Adenophorea Infections: A parasitic roundworm infection. Roundworms can be found in water and soil environments as well as on plants and in animals.
• Adenosarcoma of the uterus: A tumor that develops from the glands that line the uterus.
• Adenovirus-related Cold: An Adenovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Adenovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme called adenlyosuccinate lyase which generally results in psychomotor retardation and autistic behavior.
• Adhesive abuse: Adhesive abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Adhesives include household glues, rubber cement and model aeroplane glue. These adhesives can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Adhesive addiction: Adhesive addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse adhesives (e.g. sniffing them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Aerosols are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Adhesives includes household glue, rubber cement and model airplane glue.
• Adrenal Cancer: A malignant cancer that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids. Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal Cortex Diseases: Diseases of the adrenal cortex. Examples includes Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome and adrenal fatigue.
• Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms: A tumor that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids.
• Adrenal adenoma, familial: A benign tumor that develops in the adrenal gland and tends to run in families. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids . Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal disorders: Disorders affecting the adrenal glands
• Adrenal gland hyperfunction: Excessive activity of the adrenal gland which causes excessive production of one or more adrenal hormones (aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine). The increased adrenal gland activity may be caused by an adrenal gland tumor or by excessive stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal gland hypofunction: Reduced adrenal gland activity due to damage to the adrenal gland or lack of stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal gland symptoms: Symptoms affecting the adrenal glands
• Adrenal hypertension: Adrenal hypertension is high blood pressure caused by adrenal gland problems. For example, an adrenal tumor can cause excessive production of aldosterone which in turn causes salt-retention and high blood pressure. Severity of symptoms varies depending on the underlying cause.
• Adrenal incidentaloma: A tumor of the adrenal gland that is discovered incidentally while performing an imaging examination for reasons other than an adrenal tumor. The tumor may be asymptomatic or can causes excessive secretion of adrenal hormones and resulting symptoms. The tumor may also be malignant or benign.
• Adrenal medulla neoplasm: A tumor that develops in the part of the adrenal gland called the medulla which produces adrenalin and noradrenaline. The tumor is usually benign but can be malignant.
• Adrenocortical carcinoma: A condition which is characterized by malignancy which affects the adrenocortex.
• Adrenoleukodystrophy: A rare hereditary metabolic disease that only occurs in male children and is characterized by adrenal atrophy and extensive cerebral demyelination causing progressive loss of mental functioning, aphasia, apraxia and sometimes blindness. The patient usually dies within 5 years.
• Adrenoleukodystrophy, autosomal, neonatal form: A rare inherited disorder involving the adrenal glands, testes and certain parts of the brain (white matter). It is a less severe form of leukodystrophy where an abnormality within the body cells prevents the metabolism of certain fats (long chain fatty acids).
• Adult Panic-Anxiety Syndrome: A psychiatric disorder involving anxiety and panic attacks that occur for no obvious reason.
• Adult SMA: Form of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in adults.
• Adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis.
• Adult T-Cell lymphoma: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The lymphoma subtype is aggressive and tends to affect the lymph nodes more than the blood.
• Adult low grade infiltrative supratentorial Astrocytoma: A type of brain cancer that occurs in the supratentorial region of the brain of adults and is relatively non-aggressive.
• Adult progressive spinal muscular atrophy, Aran Duchenne type: A group of inherited motor neuron diseases involving progressive muscle weakness, wasting and paralysis due to degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Muscle weakness and wasting usually starts in the hands and may gradually spread to other muscle groups.
• Adult-onset ALD: Form of ALD in adults.
• Adverse reaction: Term to describe unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with using medications, diagnostic tests or therapeutic interventions.
• Aerosol abuse: Aerosol abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Aerosols include air fresheners, hair spray, spray pain and deodorants. These aerosols can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Aerosol addiction: Aerosol addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse aerosol (e.g. sniffing them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Aerosols are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Aerosols includes spray pain, air freshener, deodorants and hair sprays.
• African Sleeping sickness: A disease caused by parasites (Trypanosome brucei gamiense or T. brucei rodesiense) and transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly which is found only in Africa. Causes symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, anemia, edema of hands and feet, enlarged lymph glands, lethargy, sleepiness, convulsions and coma. Also called African trypanosomiasis and sleeping sickness.
• Agenesis of the corpus callosum: Congenital absence of connective part of the brain.
• Aggressive NK-cell leukaemia: An aggressive form of blood cancer involving the rapid proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells.
• Aging brain syndrome: Aging processes in the brain can cause various psychological and neurological symptoms.
• Agnathia-holoprosencephaly-situs inversus: A very rare disorder characterized by a small or absent jaw, developmental brain defect and internal organs situated on the wrong side of the body (situs inversus). The severity and range of symptoms is variable.
• Agyria-pachygyria type 1: Abnormal brain development where the brain fails to develop normally during the fetal stage.
• Aicardi syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where the structure connecting the two halves of the brain fails to develop which results in seizures and eye abnormalities .
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome 3p21.3-p21.2.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 2: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 2 is caused by a defect on chromosome 13q14-q21.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 3: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q13.2.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 4: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 19p13.13.
• Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 5: A rare inherited progressive disease that affects the brain and immune system. Type 5 is caused by a defect on chromosome 3p21.3-p21.2.
• Akesson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by excessive skin folds and furrows on the scalp, mental retardation the failure of the thyroid to develop.
• Al Gazali - Nair syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by bone abnormalities, eye problems, seizures and developmental delay. The reported cases involved related parents.
• Al Gazali Sabrinathan Nair syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by bone and eye problems, seizures and mental retardation.
• Al Murrah-induced lead poisoning: Al Murrah is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat problems such as stomach pain, diarrhea and colic. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Alarcon-induced lead poisoning: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albayaidle-induced lead poisoning: Albayaidle is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican and Central American people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albayalde-induced lead poisoning: Albayalde is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican and Central American people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy: A rare genetic disorder where the body fails to recognize and respond to the parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone is involved in controlling the blood levels of calcium and phosphate.
• Alcohol Withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when alcohol consumption is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Alcohol-Induced Disorders: Disorders caused by excessive alcohol consumption. The symptoms are variable depending on the disorder involved. Some of the disorders are: alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, alcohol intoxication delirium, alcohol withdrawal delirium, alcohol-induced persisting dementia, alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disorder, alcohol-induced psychotic disorder, alcohol-induced mood disorder, alcohol-induced anxiety disorder, alcohol-induced sexual dysfunction, alcohol-induced sleep disorder, liver damage, liver cancer and esophageal cancer.
• Alcohol-induced hypertension: Alcohol-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by excessive drinking of alcohol.
• Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome: The excessive consumption of alcohol can result in symptoms similar to a condition called Cushing's syndrome. When alcohol consumption is stopped, symptoms regress.
• Alcoholic Neuropathy: Neurological changes due to nerve damage from long-term alcohol consumption
• Alcoholic intoxication: The excessive consumption of alcohol can have toxic effects on the body and can ultimately result in death in severe cases.
• Alcoholic, reversible acute muscular: Muscle cramps associated with chronic alcohol abuse.
• Aldehyde syndrome: A metabolic anomaly where consumption of alcohol results in high levels of blood acetaldehyde which causes a variety of symptoms.
• Aldolase A deficiency: A rare condition where a deficiency of the enzyme called aldolase A causes muscle problems and anemia.
• Aleukemic leukemia cutis: A rare form of leukemia where the skin is involved before the leukemic cells appear in the blood. It is usually an early sign of leukemia.
• Alexander Syndrome: Brain myelin disorder causing mental degeneration.
• Alkalosis: A condition that iscaused by the accumulation of base in the body.
• Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized primarilty by mental retardation.
• Allen-Masters syndrome: Damage to muscle layers in the pelvis which allows the abnormally increased movement of the cervix. It often occurs after a traumatic surgical birth, induced abortion or excessive vaginal packing.
• Allergic encephalomyelitis: An autoimmune brain and spinal cord disease that can be induced in laboratory animals in experimental settings. The disease involves inflammation and degeneration of nerve myelin sheaths and it may be acute or chronic.
• Allergic rhinitis: An allergic reaction of the nasal mucosa that may occur seasonally
• Alopecia mental retardation syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized primarily by a lack of hair and mental retardation.
• Alopecia, epilepsy, oligophrenia syndrome of Moynahan: A rare condition characterized by alopecia, epilepsy, mental retardation and a small head.
• Alopecia, epilepsy, pyorrhea, mental subnormality: A rare syndrome characterized by alopecia, epilepsy, mental retardation and pus-producing gum and tooth inflammations.
• Alpers Syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by liver disease, seizures and progressive, episodic psychomotor retardation.
• Alpha thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Alpha thalassemia involves defects in one or more of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is anemia, the severity of which can vary amongst patients depending on how many defective genes are involved.
• Alpha thalassemia - Hemoglobin H disease: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Hemoglobin H disease involves defects in three of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is moderate to severe anemia.
• Alpha thalassemia major: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Alpha thalassemia major is very rare involves defects in all of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The condition leads to infant death before or soon after birth.
• Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency, Type III: A very rare enzyme deficiency (N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosaminidase) which can occur in three forms: type I (infantile-onset neuroaxonal dystrophy), type II or Kanzaki disease (adult-onset) and type III (mild or moderate form).
• Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency: A metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase which results in high levels of oxoglutaric acid in the urine as well as other severe symptoms.
• Alpha-sarcoglycanopathy: A rare genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness of the pelvic and shoulder muscles.
• Alport Syndrome: A rare hereditary disorder involving the progressive deterioration of parts of the kidney resulting in chronic kidney disease.
• Altered muscle tone: Where there is an alteration in the resting muscle tone.
• Alternating Hemiplegia: Episodes of one-sided paralysis.
• Aluminium toxicity: High body levels of aluminium resulting in symptoms. Usually occurs in patients with renal impairment.
• Alveolitis, extrinsic allergic: A lung disease that tends to occur in people with jobs where they are frequently exposed to organic dust inhalation.
• Alzheimer disease 10: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 10 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 12: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 12 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 8p12-q22.
• Alzheimer disease 13: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 14: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q25. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 15: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 3q22-q24. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 5: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 5 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 12p11.
• Alzheimer disease 6: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 6 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10q24.
• Alzheimer disease 7: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 7 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 8: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 8 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 20p.
• Alzheimer disease 9: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 9 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.2.
• Alzheimer disease type 1: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. Type 1 has an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the APP gene which results in the production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer disease type 4: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. Type 4 has an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN2 gene which results in the production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer disease, familial: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. The familial form is very rare and is completely inherited and has an early onset (usually in the 4th decade). It occurs when there is excessive production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 1: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and apraxia: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and apraxia. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and unusual plaques in the brain. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, type 3: A degenerative brain disease characterized primarily by progressive dementia. Type 3 has an early onset (starts before the age of 65). It is caused by mutations in the PSEN1 gene which results in the production of a toxic protein (amyloid beta peptide) in the brain which collects into clumps (amyloid plaques) in the brain. These plaques cause damage to nerve cells in the brain.
• Alzheimer's disease without Neurofibrillary tangles: A form of Alzheimer's that involves only plaques and no neurofibrillary tangles. This form tends to have an older age of onset and death and a shorter disease duration.
• American mountain fever: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Aminoacylase 1 deficiency: A rare genetic disorder caused by an enzyme (aminoacylase-1) deficiency. There is still uncertainty whether the deficiency actually causes any of the symptoms observed in patients.
• Amnesic shellfish poisoning: Rare shellfish poisoning sometimes causing amnesia.
• Amphetamine abuse: Use of the stimulant drugs known as amphetamines or "speed"
• Amphetamine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when amphetamine use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Amphetamines include dexamphetamine (speed), Ritalin and MDMA (ecstasy).
• Amphetamine-induced hypertension: Amphetamine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of amphetamines. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of amphetamine use.
• Ampola syndrome: A rare genetic disease characterized primarily by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature, seizures and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Amyloid angiopathy: A blood vessel disorder caused by abnormal amyloid deposits in the blood vessel walls of the brain. The deposits can cause the blood vessel to become weak and rupture resulting in intracranial bleeding. Despite the potentially serious consequences the disorder is often asymptomatic until old age.
• Amyloid cardiopathy: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage and is potentially fatal. The cardiac form involves deposits of amyloid in the heart muscle which affects its function. The electrical conduction system of the heart is impaired.
• Amyloid cardiopathy, familial: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage and is potentially fatal. The familial cardiac form is inherited and involves deposits of amyloid in the heart muscle which affects its function. The electrical conduction system of the heart is impaired.
• Amyloidosis AL: A disease involving the abnormal deposit of amyloid fibrils in virtually any part of the body - the heart, liver, kidney and peripheral and autonomic nerves are most commonly affected. The abnormal amyloid fibrils are produced abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. In some cases, the excess growth of abnormal plasma cells can result in a cancerous condition called myeloma resulting in bone pain and infections. A patient with myeloma may develop amyloidosis but it is rare for a patient with AL amyloidosis to go on to develop myeloma.
• Amyloidosis VII: Amyloidosis involves the abnormal deposit of a substance called amyloid in various parts of the body. In the Ohio type, the amyloid deposits in the leptomeningeal blood vessels, brainstem, spinal cord and eye causing central nervous system dysfunction, brain hemorrhages as well as vision impairment.
• Amyloidosis beta2-microglobulinic: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage. The type of amyloid protein involved in this type of amyloidosis is beta-2-microglobulin. The abnormal protein tends to be deposited in parts of the body such as joints, bones and carpal tunnel but can also be found in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs.
• Amyloidosis, familial cutaneous: Amyloidosis involves the abnormal deposit of a substance called amyloid in various parts of the body. The familial cutaneous form is characterized by brown skin pigmentation as well as systemic symptoms such as failure to thrive, developmental delay, gastrointestinal problems and pneumonia.
• Amyloidosis, inflammatory: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage and is potentially fatal. Symptoms depend on the organs involved. Secondary amyloidosis is caused by a chronic infection of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, tuberculosis and osteomyelitis. The main organs affected in secondary amyloidosis are usually the kidneys, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The peripheral and autonomic nerves and the heart are rarely affected.
• Amyloidosis, oculoleptomeningeal: Amyloidosis involves the abnormal deposit of a substance called amyloid in various parts of the body. In this particular type, the amyloid deposits in the leptomeningeal blood vessels, brainstem, spinal cord and eye causing central nervous system dysfunction, brain hemorrhages and vision impairment.
• Amyotonia congenita: A term used to describe conditions involving poor muscle tone that occurs from birth.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A degenerative motor neuron disease marked by weakness and wasting of the muscles which starts at the hands and legs and spreads to the rest of the body. Death occurs in 2 to 5 years. Also called Lou Gehrig's disease or wasting palsy.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 3: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 18q21.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4, juvenile: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 9q34.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 5: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 5 is caused by a defect on chromosome 15q15.1-q21.1.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is caused by a defect on chromosome 16q12.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 7 is caused by a defect on chromosome 20p13.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 9 is caused by a defect on chromosome 20q13.3 and is a dominantly inherited, late-onset form.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 9: An inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 9 is differentiated by the origin of the genetic defect involved (14q11).
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 1: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 1 is characterized by adult onset and relatively fast progression of symptoms. It usually occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 2: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 2 is characterized by childhood or adolescent onset of symptoms which progress very slowly over decades. It occurs in an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 3: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 3 is characterized late adulthood onset of symptoms which progress slowly over 5 years. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 4: A generally fatal progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 4 is characterized by the onset of symptoms before the age of 25 and slow progression over the next few decades. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 5: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is characterized adolescent onset of symptoms with progression varying between 1 and 20 years. It occurs in an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 6: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is characterized adult onset of symptoms with progression varying between 1 and 20 years. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 7: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 7 is characterized adult onset of symptoms with progression varying between less than 5 years to several decades. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 8: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 8 is characterized by adult onset and relatively slow progression of symptoms. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, type 6: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is caused by a defect on chromosome 16q12.
• Anaemia, sideroblastic, X-linked - ataxia: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by mild anemia and early onset neurological motor symptoms. The neurological symptoms tend to be relatively stable or slowly progressive with only occasional dependence on crutches or wheelchairs.
• Analgesic nephropathy syndrome: Kidney damage caused by excessive use of pain-killing drugs. Aspirin and phenacetin mixtures are the most common causes.
• Anchovy poisoning (clupeotoxin): Some anchovies contain toxins (Clupeotoxin) which can be poisonous to humans if eaten. Heat does not destroy the toxin and there is still uncertainty as to the origin of the toxin. The toxin appears to be present in higher concentrations in summer and is believed to be possible linked to the consumption of toxic food in its food web. The size and age of the anchovy does not appear to be related to the toxicity. The anchovies are found in coastal waters off Africa and the Caribbean, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
• Andersen disease: An rare inborn error of metabolism involving glycogen storage and characterized by cirrhosis and sometimes liver failure. Lack of the amyl-transglucosidase enzyme and abnormal glycogen causes the condition.
• Andrade's syndrome: An inherited condition characterized by deposits of an abnormal protein called amyloid in various parts of the body including organs. The condition mainly involves neurological symptoms.
• Andropause: A symptomatic decline in male androgens that may occur as men age.
• Anemia: Reduced red blood cells in the blood
• Anemia of pregnancy: Anemia of pregnancy is anemia that occurs during pregnancy. Women's bodies have a greater demand for iron during pregnancy and if intake is not sufficient, anemia can result. Anemia in pregnant women can lead to infant problems such as premature birth, fetal death, retarded growth and other problems.
• Anemia, Sideroblastic: A rare blood disorder where abnormal utilization of iron results in the production of defective red blood cells which have excessive deposits of iron in them.
• Anemia, hypochromic microcytic: A blood disorder where red blood cells are too small and lack sufficient iron. It can be inherited or caused by insufficient iron in the diet or from a genetic disorder.
• Anemias, Sideroblastic: Sideroblastic anemias are a group of rare blood disorders where the bone marrow is unable to produce normal red blood cells. The body has enough iron but the red blood cells are unable to utilize it in a normal manner and anemia results. The red blood cells become overloaded with iron and are unable to carry out their normal functions. Some forms of sideroblastic anemia are inherited but most tend to be acquired due to such things as exposure to toxins and certain drugs, leukemia, inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and nutritional deficiencies (e.g. copper and pyridoxine deficiency). Inherited forms usually appear in childhood whereas acquired forms usually occur in adulthood.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 1: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome 7q11.2.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 2: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 2 is caused by a defect on chromosome 19q13.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 3: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 1p36.13-p34.3.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 4: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 5p15.2-14.3.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 5: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 5 is caused by a defect on chromosome 2p13.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 6: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are now six different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases an individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 6 is caused by a defect on chromosome 9p21.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 7: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 7 is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q24-q25.
• Aneurysm, intracranial berry, 8: A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain. The bulge can rupture causing a stroke. They usually form as a result of high blood pressure and weak blood vessel walls in the brain. There are five different subtypes of intracranial berry aneurysms with each one caused by a defect in different gene. The defective gene increases and individuals risk for developing intracranial berry aneurysms. Type 8 is caused by a defect on chromosome 14q23.
• Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: Bleeding in the space around the brain that occurs from a leak in a weakened or dilated blood vessel under the arachnoid layer of the brain. Death can occur if treatment is not prompt.
• Angelman syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a puppet-like gait, fits of laughter and characteristic facial features.
• Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia - plasma cell type: A rare disorder characterized by a localized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which can form a benign tumor-like growth. There are two types of the disease: hyaline-vascular type or the plasma cell type which tends to have more severe symptoms. The plasma-cell type tends to involve systemic symptoms such as fever and weight loss due to the destruction of red blood cells.
• Angiokeratoma - mental retardation - coarse face: A rare inherited genetic syndrome characterized by mental retardation, coarse facial features and capillary hemangiomas.
• Angioma hereditary neurocutaneous: A rare genetic condition characterized angiomas involving both the skin and nervous system.
• Angiomatosis, diffuse corticomeningeal, of Divry and Van Bogaert: A rare condition characterized by diffuse sclerosis and clusters of capillaries in parts of the brain as well as a marbled appearance to the skin.
• Angiopathy, hereditary, with nephropathy, aneurysms and muscle cramps: An inherited disorder characterized by kidney disease, aneurysms, blood vessel disease and muscle cramps which can last from seconds to minutes.
• Angiosarcoma: A rare, aggressive malignant tumor of the blood vessel cells. Also called hemangiosarcoma, malignant hemangioendothelioma.
• Angiosarcoma of the liver: A rare type of cancer that starts in the lining of blood vessels in the liver. It is generally an aggressive tumor which often metastasizes.
• Angiostrongyliasis: Infection by a parasitic worm (Angiostrongylus). Infection can occur through eating contaminated raw animals such as snails, slugs, prawns or crabs which act as hosts to these parasites.
• Aniridia - absent patella: A rare genetic condition characterized by an abnormal or missing kneecap as well as the absence of the iris of the eye.
• Aniridia - renal agenesis - psychomotor retardation: A rare genetic disorder characterized by missing irises of the eye, kidney developmental problems and mental retardation.
• Aniridia ataxia renal agenesis psychomotor retardation: A rare genetic disorder characterized by missing irises of the eye, ataxia, psychomotor retardation and abnormally kidneys.
• Aniridia cerebellar ataxia mental deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a partial absence of the iris, mental retardation and impaired coordination of voluntary movements.
• Ankylosing Spondylitis: A form of chronic inflammation of the spine which may also affect joints in the shoulder, hip, neck, ribs and jaw. May result in loss of mobility. Also called Marie-Strumpell disease.
• Ankylosing spondylarthritis: Inflammation of one or more spine joints. The spine becomes progressively painful and stiff and the spine joints may eventually fuse and cause disability. The condition may vary from mild to severe. Inflammation can affect other joints and tissues.
• Ankylosis - facial anomalies - pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized mainly by fused or stiff joints, facial anomalies and underdeveloped lungs.
• Anorexia Nervosa: A disorder where a distorted sense of body image leads to self-starvation to the point of death in some cases.
• Anoxia: A condition marked by a lack of oxygen.
• Antepartum Eclampsia: Antepartum eclampsia is the development of seizures or coma in pregnant women suffering from high blood pressure. Antepartum means that it occurs before delivery. Eclampsia is a serious condition which requires urgent medical treatment. Eclampsia may be associated with moderate as well as significant increases in blood pressure. The blood pressure can return to normal after delivery or may persist for a period of time.
• Anterior pituitary hyperhormonotrophic syndrome: A syndrome characterized by the excessive production of various hormones (gonadotrophic, thyrotrophic, lactotrophic and pancreatrophic hormone).
• Anthrax: A serious infectious bacterial disease that can be fatal.
• Antihypertensive drug allergy: Taking antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure-lowering drugs) can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Antisynthetase syndrome: A rare autoimmune disease that affects the muscles. It involves the development of antibodies to an enzyme (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase) which is involved in making proteins.
• Anxiety disorder: A mental condition that is characterized by anxiety and avoidance behaviours
• Anxiety-tension syndrome: Anxiety associated with physical symptoms such as tense muscles and fatigue.
• Aortic Valve Insufficiency: A heart valve disorder where the heart valve is unable to close completely which causes a backflow of some of the blood from the aorta. The condition can be caused by such things as systemic lupus erythematosus, endocarditis, high blood pressure, Marfan's syndrome and aortic dissection.
• Aortic arch anomaly with peculiar facies and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, characteristic facial anomalies and abnormal position of the aorta.
• Aortic arches defect: A defect in the top part of the aorta (aortic arch) that consists of several arterial branches. There is a variety of defects that can occur and symptoms will be determined by the particular defect involved. Possible types of defects includes aortic coarctation and aortic arch hypoplasia.
• Aortic supravalvular stenosis: A rare congenital condition involving increased intestinal calcium absorption and characterized by development delay, distinctive facial features, small nails and short stature.
• Aplastic anemia: A blood disorder where the bone marrow produces insufficient new blood cells.
• Apple seed poisoning: Apple seeds contain a toxic chemical called amygdalin which can cause serious symptoms if eaten in large quantities. Hospital admission is recommended if more than 50 apple seeds have been consumed.
• Apricot seed poisoning: Apricot seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the pit remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Most parts of the apricot plant contain the toxic chemical with the highest concentration in young leaves. Different species of apricots have different levels of toxic chemical. Severe symptoms or even death can occur if children consume more than ten kernels or adults consume more than forty kernels. Theories exist that apricot kernels may help cancer sufferers but there has been no scientific studies that have proven this.
• Arachnidism: Poisoning from a spider bite.
• Arachnoid Cysts: A rare disorder involving a fluid-filled cysts on the arachnoid membrane which is one of the thin layers of tissue that form a membrane which covers the spinal cord and brain. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size and location of the cyst.
• Arachnoiditis: A progressive disorder where the arachnoid membrane becomes inflamed and the brain and spinal cord may also become inflamed.
• Arakawa's syndrome 2: An inherited metabolic disorder where an enzyme deficiency (methionine synthase) causes mental and physical retardation, blood disorders, degeneration of brain tissue and various other symptoms.
• Arbovirosis: An infectious disease caused by an arbovirus. The virus is transmitted by arthropods such as insects and ticks. Examples of arboviruses include Yellow Fever, Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis. The symptoms may vary depending on the type of virus involved. The infection can lead to life-threatening brain inflammation.
• Arctic bearded seal poisoning: The Arctic Bearded seal is often used as a food source by the arctic inhabitants. Eating the liver and kidneys of the arctic bearded seal can result in a Vitamin A overdose which can cause serious symptoms and even death in extreme cases. It is believed that eating more than 100-250 grams of the seal liver can result in human death.
• Arenavirus: A genus of viruses of the family Arenaviridae
• Argentinean hemorrhagic fever: An infectious disease caused by the Junin virus. Transmission can occur through contact with infected rodent (usually the corn mouse) urine, feces or saliva. The incubation period lasts from one to two weeks. The disease is most common in rural workers in Argentina.
• Arginase deficiency: A very rare urea cycle disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme (arginase) needed to convert ammonia to the urea which can then be removed in the urine. The condition leads to excess build-up of ammonia in the body which is toxic to the nervous system.
• Argininosuccinase lyase deficiency, late onset: A rare inherited urea cycle disorder caused by lack of enzymes (argininosuccinase lyase) needed to turn ammonia into urea resulting in excess ammonia in the body. The late onset form of the condition tends to start later in life as there is some level of activity by the defective enzyme. The condition tends to be less severe and can be triggered by a change in diet, illness or some other stress on the body.
• Argininosuccinic aciduria: A rare inherited disorder of the urea cycle characterized by the lack of an enzyme (argininosuccinate lyase) which is needed to remove nitrogen from the body so a lack of the enzyme leads to a build-up of ammonia in the blood.
• Arima syndrome: A rare disorder characterized mainly by eye and brain abnormalities.
• Arizona Bark Scorpion poisoning: A bite from the Arizona Bark scorpion contains chemicals toxic to the nerve system and can cause serious, life-threatening symptoms.
• Arnold Stickler Bourne syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by muscle problems in hands, mouth and pharynx, kidney anomalies and corneal crystals.
• Arnold-Chiari malformation type 3: An extremely rare malformation where the base of the brain enters into the upper spinal canal. Type 3 involves the herniation of brain or brain stem tissue out of the back of the neck or head. The condition generally has a poor prognosis.
• Arnold-Chiari malformation type 4: Arnold-Chiari malformation is a rare malformation where the base of the brain enters into the upper spinal canal. Type 4 actually involves a lack of development of a portion of the base of the brain (cerebellum). The prognosis is very poor with death often occurring during infancy.
• Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: A rare inborn error of metabolism involving the deficiency of an enzyme (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase) needed to process aromatic amino acids. This results in a deficiency of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. The condition manifests as movement and neurological problems.
• Arteriosclerosis Obliterans: Arteriosclerosis that results in the narrowing and gradual blockage of the artery. Arteriosclerosis involves the deposition of cholesterol plaques and other material on the inside of the artery walls. The symptoms will depend on the location of the arteries affected and how severe the blockage is.
• Arteriovenous Malformation: Birth defect of a tangle of veins and arteries.
• Arteritis: Inflammation of an artery
• Arthrogryposis: A condition which is characterized by the persistent flexure of a joint
• Arthrogryposis - epileptic seizures - migrational brain disorder: A rare disorder characterized by congenital joint contractures, epileptic seizures and brain development abnormalities. It can be caused by fetal exposure to alcohol or chemical products.
• Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy: A rare disorder where a non-progressive muscle disease results in the presence of multiple joint contractures at birth.
• Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, distal, X-linked: A rare condition characterized by the presence of contractures at birth as well as various other anomalies. The condition is X-linked.
• Arthrogryposis, congenital - myopathic seizures: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and muscle problems.
• Asiatic porpoise poisoning: The Asiatic porpoise is eaten mainly in China. Eating the liver, internal organs and muscle tissue of the Asiatic porpoise can cause poisoning symptoms in humans if sufficient quantities are consumed. The nature of the toxin is unknown but it is believed that some cases result from very high levels of vitamin A in the liver.
• Aspartylglucosaminidase deficiency: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Aspartylglucosaminuria: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Aspartylglycosaminuria: A rare glycoprotein metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called aspartylglucosaminidase. Patients tend to develop normally during the first few years of life and development continues slowly until adolescence when mental retardation becomes progressively worse.
• Asphyxia neonatorum: Respiratory failure in a newborn.
• Asterixes: A flapping tremor that occurs at the wrist, hand or hip joints.
• Asterixis: The intermittent loss of sustained contraction of the arms against ones will.
• Asthma, Exercise-Induced: Breathing problems caused by exercise. Patients who suffer from asthma and allergic rhinitis are particularly prone to the condition. Factors such as reduced humidity, cold temperatures, high levels of pollen, poor physical fitness, respiratory infections and reduced air quality can all increase the risk of an attack.
• Asymmetric septal hypertrophy: A disease of the heart muscle characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function.
• Ataxia: Failure of muscular coordination
• Ataxia - apraxia - mental retardation, X-linked: A rare X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by ataxia, apraxia and mental retardation. The symptoms are generally nonprogressive.
• Ataxia - diabetes - goiter - gonadal insufficiency: A rare disorder characterized by diabetes, goiter, insufficient hormone production by the gonads and progressive ataxia.
• Ataxia - oculomotor apraxia, type 1: A nerve disorder which affects the motor nerves and results in movement problems which includes the eyes. Gait problems are usually the first symptom and this is followed by speaking difficulty, intention tremor and then eye movement problems.
• Ataxia Telangiectasia: A rare inherited childhood disorder involving progressive degeneration of the nervous system.
• Ataxia deafness reardon type: A rare syndrome observed in a Kuwati family characterized by ataxia, deafness and mental retardation.
• Ataxia spastic congenital miosis: A rare, dominantly inherited disorder characterized mainly by ataxia, spasticity and small pupils that respond poorly to light.
• Ataxia tapetoretinal degeneration: Conditions involving incoordination and an eye anomaly.
• Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency: A rare disorder where a genetic disorder results in impaired vitamin E deficiency which in turn causes progressive neurological problems such as ataxia.
• Ataxia with fasciculations: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the association of a movement disorder called ataxia with muscle twitching (fasciculations) in the arms and legs.
• Ataxia, Hereditary, Autosomal Dominant: A group of rare, dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorder involving degeneration of the brain and spinal cord. The range, progression and severity of symptoms can vary quite considerably depending on the genetic defect involved.
• Ataxia, spastic, 3, autosomal recessive: A recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by spasticity and ataxia.
• Ataxia-deafness syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of ataxia with deafness.
• Ataxia-oculomotor apraxia syndrome: A nerve disorder which affects the motor nerves and results in movement problems which includes the eyes. Gait problems are usually the first symptom and this is followed by speaking difficulty, intention tremor and then eye movement problems.
• Ataxic gait: impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal ambulation which may result from impairments of motor function or sensory feedback
• Athabaskan brainstem dysgenesis: A rare neurological disorder caused by abnormal brainstem development and function.
• Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency: A severe immunodeficiency disorder found in Navajo and Apache populations.
• Atherosclerosis, premature - deafness - diabetes mellitus - photomyoclonus - nephropathy - degenerative neurologic disease: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, diabetes, epilepsy, kidney disease and premature hardening of the arteries.
• Atherosclerosis- deafness - diabetes - epilepsy - nephropathy: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, diabetes, epilepsy, kidney disease and premature hardening of the arteries.
• Athetosis: Involuntary, slow contraction particularly in the hands.
• Ativan overdose: Ativan is a prescription drug mainly used to treat anxiety. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Ativan withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Ativan (Lorazepam) use is discontinued or reduced. Ativan is an anti-anxiety drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Atkin-Flatiz syndrome: A rare, X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and facial anomalies.
• Atlantic mussel food poisoning: Atlantic mussels contain a toxin called domoic acid which can affect nerve tissue. The mussels are found in the North Atlantic and Pacific coast and the Gulf of Mexico.
• Atrial myxoma, familial: An atrial myxoma benign tumor that develops in the wall that separates the two upper chambers of the heart. The familial form of the condition also involves tumors in other parts of the body such as the skin, both heart atria or the heart ventricles.
• Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: A rare condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney failure that has no obvious cause.
• Atypical pyridoxine-dependent seizures: A form of epilepsy which responds to anticonvulsant therapy for only a period of time but are able to be managed by pyridoxine supplementation after a few months. Seizures may disappear for a few months even after pyridoxine supplementation is ceased.
• Aural atresia - multiple congenital anomalies - mental retardation: A rare syndrome characterized by a number of malformations as well as mental retardation.
• Australian Sea Lion poisoning: The Australian Sea Lion is sometimes used as a food source and is found in the South-Southwest waters of Australia. Eating the liver of the Australian Sea Lion can result in a Vitamin A overdose which can cause serious symptoms and even death in extreme cases.
• Austrian syndrome: A condition where alcoholism is associated with heart failure and pneumococcal meningitis.
• Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized by an abnormal immune system response which leads to the destruction of red blood cells and hence anemia. The severity of the condition varies depending on the underlying cause e.g. cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, HIV and lupus. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Autoimmune Hepatitis: Liver inflammation caused due to autoimmune processes where the body's immune system attacks the liver.
• Autoimmune Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart muscle due to the body's own immune system attacking it.
• Autoimmune Vasculitis: A inflammation of the blood vessels caused by an autoimmune reaction
• Autoimmune limbic encephalitis: Limbic encephalitis is an inflammation of the limbic system which is the part of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions. In the paraneoplastic type, the inflammation is caused by autoimmune processes.
• Autoimmune peripheral neuropathy: Damage to peripheral nerves that occurs when the body's own immune system attacks it.
• Autoimmune thyroid disease associated Celiac Disease: Patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Autoimmune thyroid diseases: Autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland.
• Autonomic Dysreflexia: A complication of spinal cord injury where a particular stimulus can trigger an excessive response from the autonomic nervous system which causes blood pressure to rise - sometimes to dangerous levels. Stimuli that can trigger the response include bladder irritation, bowel irritation (e.g. due to constipation, gas, enema), skin irritation (e.g. due to burns, pressure sores, ingrown toenails), broken bones, tight clothing, labour and temperature extremes. The severity and frequency of the condition is highly variable. The condition occurs in patients with tetraplegia or with loss of sensation above the lower rib cage.
• Autonomic seizure: A seizure which has resulted from a functional disturbance or pathological change in the autonomic nervous system
• Avascular necrosis: Bone death from lack of circulation.
• Azalea poisoning: Bacillus cereus is a bacterium that can cause food poisoning symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea. There are two types: Type I causes mainly vomiting and is associated with fried rice whereas type II causes mainly diarrhea and is associated with meats, cereals, vegetables and milk.
• Azarcon-induced lead poisoning: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Azotemia, famial: A rare condition where high serum urea level is inherited in a familial pattern. The high level of urea occurs despite normal kidney function.
• Ba Bow Sen-induced lead poisoning: Ba Bow Sen is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat childhood hyperactivity and to alleviate nightmares. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Baber's syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of congenital liver cirrhosis with Fanconi syndrome.
• Babesiosis: A protozoal infection which is transmitted to human via the bite of certain ticks.
• Back muscle pain: The occurrence of the sensation of muscle pain anatomically located in the back
• Back tumour: The presence of tumour growth in the vertebra, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast.
• Bacterial endocarditis: Infection and inflammation of the inner layers of the heart, most commonly the valves cause by bacteria.
• Bacterial meningitis: Bacterial meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Bacterial pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) due to a bacterial infection. It can occur as a complication of a bacterial infection in some other part of the body. It is most often a complication of a respiratory infection but skin and oral infections may also be a cause. Bacterial pericarditis may also occur after heart surgery. It occurs predominantly in males aged 20 to 50 years. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Bacterial prostatitis: Bacterial prostatitis is a bacterial inflammation of the prostate gland, in men.
• Bacterial toxic-shock syndrome: A very rare, potentially fatal infection caused by toxins produced by bacteria, especially bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The condition is often associated with tampon use but can originate from other sources.
• Bagassosis: Inhalation of sugarcane dust particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the sugarcane dust particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Bagassosis - Thermoactinomyces sacchari: Inhalation of sugarcane dust particles contaminated with fungus (Thermoactinomyces sacchari) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the contaminated sugarcane dust particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Bahemuka Brown syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by spastic paraplegia and skin pigmentation irregularities.
• Balance symptoms: Problems with balance or vertigo
• Bali goli-induced lead poisoning: Bali goli (flat black bean) is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian and Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Balo's concentric sclerosis: Demyelination of the brain producing a variety of symptoms depending on the area of the brain affected.
• Balsam apple poisoning: The Balsam apple is a climbing vine which produces yellowish fruit. The fruit contains toxins - resin, saponic glycoside and alkaloids - which can cause various symptoms if eaten. Large amounts of the fruit or seeds to be consumed to cause toxicity. The leaves of the plant may be cooked, drained and eaten safely.
• Balsam pear poisoning: The Balsam pear is a climbing vine which produces yellowish fruit. The fruit contains toxins - resin, saponic glycoside and alkaloids - which can cause various symptoms if eaten. Large amounts of the fruit or seeds to be consumed to cause toxicity. The leaves of the plant may be cooked, drained and eaten safely.
• Baltic myoclonic epilepsy: A rare inherited type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy which tends to cause symptoms during childhood. The involuntary muscle movements tend to occur more frequently and become more severe with increasing age. Symptoms may occur following various stimuli such as light, stress or exercise.
• Baló disease: A very rare, rapidly progressive form of multiple sclerosis (inflammatory disease of the brain and spinal cord). The type, severity and rate of progression of symptoms depends on the area of the brain affected.
• Baneberry poisoning: Baneberries are toxic and can cause a skin reaction on contact or various poisoning symptoms.
• Bangstad syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by diabetes, goiter, insufficient hormone production by the gonads and progressive ataxia.
• Bannayan-Zonana syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by macrocephaly, intestinal polyposis, pigmentation of penis and benign tumor-like growths.
• Banti's syndrome: A chronic, progressive condition marked by enlargement of the spleen which is associated with anemia, splenomegaly, ascites, jaundice, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Baraitser Brett Piesowicz syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by a small head and calcification in the brain.
• Baraitser burn fixen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, a skin disorder and an expressionless face.
• Baraitser-Rodeck-Garner syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by mental retardation, premature fusion of skull bones, kidney anomalies, seizures and facial anomalies.
• Barakat syndrome: A rare condition characterized by deafness, kidney disease and insufficiency parathyroid hormone production.
• Barbiturate abuse: Abuse of barbiturate medications
• Bard-Pic syndrome: A complication of advanced pancreatic cancer marked by jaundice and enlarged gallbladder.
• Bare lymphocyte syndrome: An inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by T- and B-cell dysfunction (these cells are essential for helping fight infection). Lack of treatment can result in infant death from infection.
• Barley Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of barley particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne barley particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Barmah Forest virus: Mosquito-borne virus in parts of Australia
• Barotrauma: Damage to the lungs, ear or sinuses caused by rapid or extreme changes in air pressure.
• Bartonellosis due to Bartonella quintana infection: A disease caused by infection with Bartonella quintana which are transmitted by the body louse. It causes trench fever but may also result in septicemia and endocarditis in patients with a weakened immune system.
• Bartter's syndrome, antenatal type 1: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the NKCC2 gene impairs the functioning of the Na-Cl cotransporter and leads to electrolyte imbalance. The rate of death is high prior to diagnosis.
• Bartters syndrome, antenatal , type 2: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the ROMK gene impairs the ATP-regulated potassium channel functioning and leads to electrolyte imbalance.
• Basal Ganglia Disease, Adult-Onset: A rare disorder where a genetic mutation results in a neurological disease resulting from abnormal iron and ferritin deposits in the brain.
• Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic 1: Abnormal calcium deposits in the part of the brain called the basal ganglia. Type 1 results in psychiatric, cognitive or neurological problems associated with the calcification. The symptoms experienced are variable.
• Basal ganglia disease, biotin-responsive: A neurological disease that affects the part of the brain called the basal ganglia. The disease responds well to biotin administration but relapses within a month if the biotin is stopped. If the condition is diagnosed late or there are recurring episodes, the patient may suffer ongoing symptoms such as paraparesis, mild mental retardation or dystonia.
• Basilar impression primary: A congenital bone abnormality where the skull and vertebrae meet which can compress some of the brain structures and result in neurological abnormalities. The defect is often associated with other vertebral abnormalities. In severe cases, the cerebrospinal fluid flow may be obstructed which can cause fluid to build up inside the skull (hydrocephalus).
• Bassoe syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by hypogonadism, cataracts during infancy and muscle weakness.
• Batten Disease: Rare childhood genetic degenerative nerve system disease.
• Batten-Turner muscular dystrophy: A benign form of congenital muscular dystrophy involving relatively minor muscle wasting. The condition progresses slowly until adulthood.
• Baughman syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by fused eyelids, curly hair and abnormal nails.
• Bd syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation, small eyes and a movement disorder.
• Beau's syndrome: A syndrome characterized by heart insufficiency and inability of the heart ventricles to completely empty of blood.
• Becker Muscular Dystrophy: A muscular dystrophy charaterised by enlargement of muscles
• Becker disease: A rare inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle stiffness when movement is initiated and difficulty relaxing muscles after movement had occurred. Becker disease is a recessively inherited form of myotonia congenita and usually occurs later in childhood than the dominantly inherited form and muscle stiffness is usually more severe.
• Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome: An inherited disorder marked by gigantism, exomphalos and macroglossia. Also called EMG syndrome and exophthalmos-macroglossia-gigantism syndrome.
• Beer-drinker syndrome: Symptoms that can occur when large amounts of beer is consumed with little or no food.
• Bell mania: A rare life-threatening neuropsychiatric disorder involving delusions, hyperactivity and periods of fever. Death can occur within days or months without treatment.
• Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: A condition where certain head movements cause extreme dizziness.
• Benign familial neonatal-infantile seizures: A rare dominantly inherited form of seizures that occurs during the first year of life. The seizures tend to occur in clusters. The seizures involved limb twitching, averted head, eye-blinking and lip smacking. No neurological or developmental problems are associated with this disorder.
• Benign peptic ulcer: Benign ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach.
• Bentham-Driessen-Hanveld syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of undescended testes, long thin fingers and mental retardation.
• Benzodiazepine abuse: Abuse of benzodiazepine tranquiliser medications
• Beriberi: Disease due to vitamin B1 deficiency (thiamine)
• Bernheim's syndrome: Reduced size of right heart ventricle due to enlargement of the left ventricle which encroaches on the space in the right ventricle. Blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle is obstructed.
• Berry aneurysm, cirrhosis, pulmonary emphysema, and cerebral calcification: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by brain aneurysms, liver cirrhosis, pulmonary emphysema and calcification of the brain (cerebrum).
• Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease: A rare disease where inflammatory granular nodules form in various organs.
• Beta Thalassemia intermedia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. There are two subtypes of the disorder (? and ?) depending on what portion of the hemoglobin is abnormally synthesized. Beta Thalassemia intermedia involves defects in both of the two genes required to make each ? protein chain. The condition causes varying degrees of moderate anemia.
• Beta ketothiolase deficiency: A rare inherited disease characterized by the bodies inability to metabolise certain amino acids and products of the breakdown of fat. Harmful levels of organic acids build up in the body and cause ketoacidic attacks.
• Beta thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Beta thalassemia involves defects in one or more of the two genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is anemia, the severity of which can vary amongst patients depending on how many defective genes are involved.
• Beta-hydroxybutyric aciduria: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine and proline are unable to be metabolized properly due to deficiency of the enzyme called succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase.
• Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency: A metabolic disorder where the deficiency of an enzyme (Beta-ureidopropionase) results mainly in neurological abnormalities such as mental retardation. The symptoms are variable however.
• Bethlem myopathy: A rare, slow-progressing, genetic muscle disorder where the muscle gradually weaken and become wasted.
• Bhaskar-Jagannathan syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by long, thin fingers, amino acids in the urine, cataracts (during infancy), incoordination and delayed development.
• Bicep muscle strain: Damage to the bicep muscle in the arm due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis: A rare condition where inflammation of the brainstem results in various symptoms such as ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. The onset of symptoms is usually acute.
• Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE): A rare condition where inflammation of the brainstem results in various symptoms such as ataxia and ophthalmoplegia. The onset of symptoms is usually acute.
• Biliary cirrhosis: Biliary cirrhosis is a condition where the bile ducts are unable to transport bile effectively due to blockage, inflammation, scarring or some other damage to the bile ducts. The condition may result from such things as congenital defect of the bile ducts (e.g. biliary atresia), cystic fibrosis, gallstones or a variety of other secondary conditions. The cause of primary biliary cirrhosis is not fully understood.
• Bing-Neel syndrome: A rare disorder involving infiltration of the central nervous system by abnormal leukemia-like cells (lymphoplasmocytoid cells) that occur in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. The abnormality increases blood viscosity which impairs its circulation through small brain and eye blood vessels.
• Binswanger's Disease: A type of senile dementia characterized by chronic cerebrovascular disease.
• Bint Al Zahab-induced lead poisoning: Bint Al Zahab is a folk remedy used by various ethnic groups (e.g. Indians, Saudi Arabians) to treat infant colic and to facilitate the passage of meconium in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Biotin deficiency: Vitamin H deficiency
• Biotinidase deficiency: A metabolic disorder where the body lacks the enzyme biotinidase needed to process the vitamin called biotin (vitamin H) into carboxylase enzymes.
• Biotinidase deficiency, late onset: A metabolic disorder where the body lacks the enzyme biotinidase needed to process the vitamin called biotin (vitamin H) into carboxylase enzymes. The severity of symptoms may vary depending on the degree of deficiency. Severe cases can result in metabolic acidosis which can lead to death if treatment isn't given.
• Bird cherry seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Bird flu (avian influenza): Bird flu refers to influenza A invection. Influenza A is a viral respiratory infection that can usually occurs in birds (especially poultry) but can be transmitted to humans and cause serious illness. The virus is contagious and can cause severe illness especially in patients who are very young or old or have some other medical condition as well. The severity of symptoms can vary but usually involves respiratory and constitutional (e.g. headache, aching muscles) symptoms. The influenza virus can mutate and produce different strains though the symptoms are the same. This frequent mutation means that people need regular vaccinations to ensure they are protected against new strains as they arise.
• Bird-headed dwarfism with progressive ataxia, Insulin-resistant diabetes, goiter and primary gonadal insufficiency: A rare disorder characterized by diabetes, goiter, insufficient hormone production by the gonads and progressive ataxia.
• Birth Injury: An injury to the mother caused by childbirth
• Birth control pill poisoning: Birth control pill contain hormones such as estrogen and progestin and excessive ingestion of the pills can result in relatively minor symptoms - usually there are no serious problems associated with the ingested of many birth control pills at one time. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Birth symptoms: Symptoms related to childbirth.
• Bitter almond seed poisoning: Bitter almond seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Bitter almond plants grow mainly in Northern America. Various processes can be used to leach the toxic chemical out of the bitter almonds.
• Black widow spider envenomation: The black widow spider bite is toxic to the nerves and can cause serious symptoms. The black widow spider is most commonly found in North America.
• Bland-Garland-White syndrome: A rare birth malformation where the left coronary artery comes out of the pulmonary artery instead of the aorta. Usually, infants are usually healthy for a few months after which they start having symptoms of heart problems. Occasionally, patients may be asymptomatic even into adulthood but usually death occurs during infancy.
• Blast crisis: The final phase of chronic myeloid leukemia which has a high mortality rate. Myeloid leukemia is a form of cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body. The three phases of the condition are the chronic phase, aggressive phase and finally the blast crisis. A blast crisis is occurs when over 30% of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are immature blood cells (blast cells). Patients in the final stage of leukemia are more prone to relapses following treatment.
• Blastomycosis: A fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis and resulting in lung, skin, bone and genitourinary involvement.
• Bleeding symptoms: Any type of bleeding symptoms.
• Blepharophimosis, Ptosis, Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by inner canthal folds, lateral displacement of inner canthi and drooping upper eyelid. The severity of symptoms is variable. There are two subtypes of the condition: Type 2 involves eye anomalies as well as female fertility problems whereas type 1 only involves the eye anomalies.
• Blepharophimosis, Ptosis, Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome, type 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by inner canthal folds, lateral displacement of inner canthi and drooping upper eyelid. The severity of symptoms is variable. There are two subtypes of the condition: Type 2 involves eye anomalies as well as female fertility problems whereas type 1 only involves the eye anomalies.
• Blepharophimosis, Ptosis, Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome, type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by inner canthal folds, lateral displacement of inner canthi and drooping upper eyelid. The severity of symptoms is variable. There are two subtypes of the condition: Type 2 involves eye anomalies as well as female fertility problems whereas type 1 only involves the eye anomalies.
• Blood cancer: Malignancy of one or several of the different types of cells in the blood
• Blood conditions: Conditions that affect the blood
• Blue and bloated syndrome: Heart and breathing problems that occur in obese patients that can cause reduced blood oxygenation especially while sleeping.
• Blue-ringed octopus poisoning: The blue-ringed octopus is found in shallow Australian ocean water and can deliver venomous, potentially fatal bite. The poison is present in the saliva of the octopus. The venom affects the neuromuscular system.
• Bokhoor-induced lead poisoning: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Bolivian hemorrhagic fever: An infectious disease that occurs in Bolivia and is caused by the Machupo virus. Transmission can occur through contact with infected rodent (Calomys callosus) droppings. The incubation period lasts from one to two weeks.
• Bone marrow failure - neurologic abnormalities: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of bone marrow failure and neurological abnormalities.
• Bone pain: Pain affecting the bones
• Bone symptoms: Symptoms affecting the body's bones
• Bone-Marrow failure syndromes: A disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce enough new blood cells.
• Bonefish poisoning (clupeotoxin): Some bonefish contain toxins (Clupeotoxin) which can be poisonous to humans if eaten. Heat does not destroy the toxin and there is still uncertainty as to the origin of the toxin. The toxin appears to be present in higher concentrations in summer and is believed to be possible linked to the consumption of toxic food in its food web. The size and age of the bonefish does not appear to be related to the toxicity. The bonefish are found in coastal waters off Africa and the Caribbean, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
• Bonnemann-Meinecke-Reich syndrome: A rare disorder characterized mainly by growth problems, vision problems and brain disease.
• Borjeson Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by severe mental deficiency, large ears, hypogonadism and other abnormalities.
• Bornholm disease: Contagious viral infection
• Borreliosis: An infectious bacterial disorder that is transmitted by ticks and causes skin rashes joint swelling and other symptoms similar to the flu.
• Bortonneuse fever: A mild infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia Conorrii. The disease is transmitted by a dog tick (Riphicephalus sanguineus) and is most common in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Incubation usually takes about one week.
• Borud Syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by numerous features including hearing and vision problems, heart muscle disease, ataxia and peripheral neuropathy.
• Bottlebrush buckeye poisoning: The Bottlebrush buckeye is a deciduous shrub which bears clusters of white or pink flowers and smooth, leathery fruit containing shiny seeds. The plant originated in southern USA. The plant contains various toxic chemicals (glycoside esculin, saponin aescin) which can cause potentially fatal toxicity if sufficient quantities of the seeds or leaves are consumed.
• Botulism food poisoning: Extremely dangerous food poisoning requiring medical attention, but not always recognized because of its non-abdominal symptoms.
• Boudhina-Yedes-Khiari syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by short stature, small head, mental deficiency, seizures, hearing loss and skin lesions.
• Boutonneuse fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: This is a medical condition caused by the transmission of an infective prion causing an encephalopathy
• Bowel bypass syndrome: Negative effects such as chills, fever, jont pain and skin inflammation that may result from bowel bypass surgery.
• Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome: An illness that sometimes occurs in people with gastrointestinal diseases. It is believed to be caused by a build up of bacteria in a pouch in the bowel which triggers the immune system into action.
• Box Jellyfish poisoning: A sting from the Box jellyfish contains a chemical which is toxic to the nerves, heart and skin. This jellyfish is mainly found in the waters of Northern Queensland in Australia. The tentacles should not be removed from the patient as it can cause further injection of poison.
• Boylan-Dew-Greco syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by insufficient myelination of peripheral nerves and contractures at birth. The myelin sheath is a protective coating around nerves.
• Brachial Neuritis: Condition where there is a sudden onset of shoulder weakness and pain, thought to be due to a viral infection of the nerve roots in the cervical spine
• Brachycephalofrontonasal dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by widely spaced eyes and other head and face abnormalities.
• Brain - bone - fat: A rare inherited disease characterized by bone cysts and progressive presenile dementia.
• Brain abscess: abscess in the brain may involve any of the lobes of the brain
• Brain symptoms: Symptoms affecting the brain
• Brain tumor, adult: A growth or tumor that develops in the tissues of the brain in adults. The tumor can be benign or malignant.
• Brainerd diarrhea: Diarrheal condition of unknown cause.
• Branchio-skeleto-genital syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, jaw anomalies, cleft palate, sunken chest and other abnormalities.
• Breast Duct Papilloma: Tumour of the collecting duct of the breast; may be benign or malignant.
• Breynia officinalis poisoning: Ingestion of the Breynia officinalis plant can cause irritation to mucosal linings and liver problems. The plant is often used as a herbal drug (Chi R Yun) to treat such things as poor growth, heart failure and venereal disease.
• Bright's Disease: A condition where the parts of the kidneys that are responsible for filtering become inflamed and results in blood and proteins accidentally leaking into the urine. The condition can occur after certain infections and serious kidney dysfunction can result in severe or chronic complications.
• Brill disease: A form of recurring typhus caused by a bacterium called Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by lice. The illness may occur years after the initial sickness and tends to be not as severe.
• Bronchiolitis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation of the bronchioles
• Bronchogenic carcinoma: When cells of the lung start growing rapidly in an uncontrolled manner, the condition is called lung cancer .
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A condition which is characterized by dysplasia of the brochopulmonary vessels
• Brown Recluse spider poisoning: The Brown Recluse spider is poisonous and is found mainly in southern and central areas of the US.
• Brown snake poisoning: The Brown snake is a poisonous Australian snake. They are considered one of the most venomous snakes in the world and their bite can result in death without prompt medical attention. The snake venom contains toxins which affect the blood and nerve systems. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
• Brucellosis: An infectious disease caused by the Brucella genus which is transmitted from animals to humans.
• Bruch's disease: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Brugada Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by heart rhythm abnormalities which can result in sudden death if untreated. The condition may be inherited in some cases. The mean age of sudden death is 40 years of age.
• Bruyn-Scheltens syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by limb weakness and muscle wasting in the hands and feet.
• Buckeye poisoning: Buckeye is a shrub or small tree which contains a toxic compound called aesculin that can cause gastrointestinal or neuromuscular symptoms. Young leaves, flowers and bark are the most toxic parts of the plant. The plant is most common in parts of North America. Eating only one or two seeds may simply cause vomiting or diarrhea but repeated exposure or eating large amounts can cause more serious symptoms.
• Bufotenine poisoning: The skin glands of certain toads (Cane toad and Colorado river toad) contain a poison called bufotoxin.
• Bulimia nervosa: Eating disorder with binging (overeating) and purging (vomiting).
• Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: A blistering disease that can develop in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The process is mediated by autoantibodies.
• Burnett's milk drinker's syndrome: Burnett's milk drinker's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Burnett's syndrome: Burnett's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium which results in impaired kidney function. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia.
• Burnout syndrome: Severe stress caused by work-related physical or mental trauma.
• Busulfan toxicity syndrome: Symptoms caused by the use of a chemotherapy drug called Busulfan.
• CAMFAK syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by cataracts, small head, failure to thrive and spinal curvature.
• CCF: When the heart is no longer able to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body.
• CDG syndrome (generic term): Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. The main symptom in all the disorders is psychomotor retardation but other variable symptoms also occur depending on the subtype of the disorder.
• CDG syndrome type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• CDG syndrome type 3: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 3 has variable symptoms.
• CDG syndrome type Ic: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1C has a differs from the other subtypes by the type of enzyme which is deficient.
• CFS subtype 1 (cognitive, musculoskeletal, sleep, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 1 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being anxiety, depression and cognitive, musculoskeletal and sleeping problems.
• CFS subtype 2 ( musculoskeletal, pain, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 2 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being anxiety, depression, pain and musculoskeletal problems.
• CFS subtype 3 (mild): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 3 tends to have milder symptoms than other subtypes.
• CFS subtype 4 (cognitive, musculoskeletal, sleep, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 4 tends to be dominated by cognitive symptoms.
• CFS subtype 5 (musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 5 tends to be dominated by musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• CFS subtype 6 (postexertional): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 6 tends to be dominated by excessive fatigue following exertion.
• CFS subtype 7 (pain, infectious, musculoskeletal, sleep, neurological, gastrointestinal, neurocognitive, anxiety/depression): Chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic condition which is characterized by symptoms such as severe persistent fatigue, depression, weakness, muscle pain and lack of energy. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition. There is no known cause but it appears to be associated with a previous infection in some cases. CFS subtype 7 tends to be more severe with the dominant symptoms being pain, infections, anxiety, depression and musculoskeletal, sleep, neurological, gastrointestinal and neurocognitive problems.
• Cadmium poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to cadmium.
• Calcification of basal ganglia with or without hypocalcemia: Calcification of a part of the brain called the basal ganglia. That calcification may be associated with conditions such as hypothyroidism, cytomegalovirus, and AIDS or may occur for no apparent reason. The severity of the condition may vary greatly from asymptomatic to neurological, psychiatric and movement disorders. The disorder may also progress at variable rates or remain stable depending on the underlying disease process.
• Calf muscle strain: Damage to the calf muscle due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Calf spasm: A sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles of the calf or calves.
• California buckeye poisoning: The California buckeye is a deciduous shrub which bears clusters of white or pink flowers and smooth, leathery fruit containing shiny seeds. The plant originated in California. The plant contains various toxic chemicals (glycoside esculin, saponin aescin) which can cause potentially fatal toxicity if sufficient quantities of the seeds or leaves are consumed.
• California encephalitis: An uncommon mosquito born virus (California encephalitis virus) which can cause brain inflammation in humans. The severity of symptoms is variable. The incubation period can last from a few days to a week. Infants and children tend to be more severely affected than adults who sometimes have no obvious symptoms.
• Camera-Marugo-Cohen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, muscle weakness, obesity and an asymmetrical body.
• Campylobacter fetus infection: Campylobacter fetus is a food borne bacterial infection which may vary in severity from mild to severe. The bacteria are opportunistic and mainly affect debilitated patients but can also occur in healthy patients. Abortion due to blood infection in the fetus can occur in pregnant women who become infected. The infection is less likely to cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea than other Campylobacter infections but is prone to causing infection in other parts of the body such as the appendix, abdominal cavity, central nervous system (meningitis), gallbladder, urinary tract and blood stream. Cattle and sheep are the main source of this bacteria.
• Campylobacter food poisoning: Common bacterial infection usually from chicken.
• Campylobacter hylointestinalis infection: Campylobacter hyloinstesinalis is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis. Cattle, pigs, hamsters and deer are the main source of this bacteria.
• Campylobacter jejuni infection: Campylobacter jejuni infection is a common food borne bacterial infection which may vary in severity from mild to severe. Death can occur in severe cases but tends to occur in patients with other existing illnesses such as HIV, cancer or liver disease. The infection can in rare cause infection in other parts of the body such as the appendix, abdominal cavity, central nervous system (meningitis), gallbladder, urinary tract and blood stream. Undercooked chicken is the main source of infection.
• Campylobacter laridis infection: Campylobacter laridis is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis in healthy individuals and blood infection in immunocompromised patients.
• Camurat-Engelmann disease, type 2: A rare syndrome characterized by a range of abnormalities including waddling gait, muscle weakness, knee and hip contractures, delayed puberty and leg pain.
• Camurati Engelmann disease, type 2: A rare disorder (described in two patients) which has similar symptoms to the genetic condition called Camurati Engelmann disease but the genetic defect responsible for type 1 is not present in type 2. Type 2 has additional bone abnormalities which were noted on radiographs. Patients tend to suffer flare-ups of their condition which is accompanied by severe pain which may leave the patient incapacitated. Flare-ups can be triggered or made worse by stress, exhaustion, exercise, growth spurts, standing too long, walking too long, infection, illness, injury, surgery, cold weather and sudden changes in air pressure.
• Camurati-Engelmann Disease: A very rare genetic disease thickening of areas of bone causing pain, weakness and wasting. Usually affects the legs during childhood. Also called diaphyseal dysplasia.
• Canavan disease: Rare genetic degenerative brain disease in infants.
• Canavan leukodystrophy: A rare inherited disorder where a chemical imbalance in the brain leads to spongy degeneration of the central nervous system which results in progressive mental deterioration and associated symptoms.
• Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 deficiency: A very rare inherited urea cycle disorder where the lack of the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase prevents ammonia from being turned into urea and being excreted in the urine. Excess ammonia builds up in the body which can cause serious complications or even death if left untreated.
• Carbohydrate deficiency glycoprotein syndrome type II: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2 is caused by a genetic defect which involves the gene for a particular enzyme (Golgi localized N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase II). Type 2 tends to have more severe psychomotor retardation than type 1 but there is no peripheral neuropathy or underdeveloped cerebellum.
• Carcinoid syndrome: Carcinoid heart disease is a rare, metastatic disease that occurs predominantly in the right heart. The tricuspid and pulmonic valves are affected, leading to right heart failure, which results in increased morbidity and mortality.
• Cardiac malformation: Any malformation or structural defect of the heart or it's structures. Some examples include atrioventricular septal defect, conotruncal malformations, transposition of great vessels and heart valve dysplasia. The symptoms vary in nature and severity depending on the type of malformation.
• Cardiac valvular dysplasia, X-linked: An inherited (X-linked) form of heart disease involving mitral or aortic valve regurgitation. Females are carriers and hence asymptomatic whereas males displayed symptoms.
• Cardioencephalomyopathy fatal infantile due to cytochrome c oxidase deficiency: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where the body doesn't have enough of an enzyme called cytochrome C oxidase (COX) which is needed in the process of energy production by body cells. The fatal infant type generally affects the hear, brain and kidneys as well as the muscles.
• Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects skin anomalies and frontal bossing.
• Cardiomyopathy - hearing loss, type tRNA-LYS gene mutation: A rare inherited condition characterized by the association of cardiomyopathy and deafness.
• Cardiomyopathy - hypogonadism - metabolic anomalies: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart muscle disease, hypogonadism, blindness, deafness and metabolic anomalies. Puberty was normal despite the hypogonadism.
• Cardiomyopathy - hypotonia - lactic acidosis: A rare syndrome characterized by heart muscle disease, reduced muscle tone and lactic acidosis from birth.
• Cardiomyopathy - spherocytosis: A rare disorder characterized by the association of spherocytosis with heart muscle disease. Spherocytosis is a red blood cell disorder where the red blood cells have abnormal membranes which gives them a spherical shape and makes them weak resulting in their premature death.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 10: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the heart's ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the heart's conduction system. Type 10 is caused by a defect in the ABC9 gene on chromosome 12p12.1.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1B: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1B is caused by a defect on chromosome 9q13.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1C: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1C is caused by a defect in the LDB3 gene on chromosome 10q21-q23.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1D: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1D is caused by a defect in the cardiac troponin gene on chromosome 1q32.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1G: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1G is caused by a defect in the titin gene on chromosome 2q24.3.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1H: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1H is caused by a defect on chromosome 2q14-q22.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1I: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1I is caused by a defect in the desmin gene on chromosome 2q35.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1J: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Hearing impairment also becomes apparent by the end of the second decade. Type 1J is caused by a defect in the LDB3 gene on chromosome 6q23.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1K: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1K is caused by a defect on chromosome 6q12-q16.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1L: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1L is caused by a defect in the delta-sarcoglycan gene on chromosome 5q33.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1M: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1M is caused by a defect in the CSRP3 gene on chromosome 11p15.1.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1N: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1N is caused by a defect in the telethonin gene on chromosome 17q12.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1P: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1P is caused by a defect in the phospholamban gene on chromosome 6q22.1.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1Q: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1Q is caused by a defect on chromosome 7q22.3-q31.1.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1R: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1R is caused by a defect in the ACTC gene on chromosome 15q14.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1S: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1S is caused by a defect in the heavy chain myosin 7 gene on chromosome 14q12.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1T: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1T is caused by a defect in the TMPO gene on chromosome 12q22.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1U: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1U is caused by a defect in the PSEN1 gene on chromosome 14q24.3.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1W: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1W is caused by a defect in the metavinculin gene on chromosome 10q22.1-q23.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1Y: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the heart's conduction system. Type 1Y is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 15q25.1.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated 1Z: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the heart's conduction system. Type 1Z is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 3p21.2-p14.3.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated with conduction defect: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated with conduction defect type 1: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 1 is caused by a defect in the lamin A/C gene on chromosome 1q21.
• Cardiomyopathy dilated with conduction defect type 2: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally. The disorder is caused by the degeneration of the hearts conduction system. Type 2 is caused by a defect in the cardiac sodium channel gene on chromosome 3p21.
• Cardiomyopathy due to anthracyclines: Damage to the heart muscle caused by anthracycline drugs which are used in chemotherapy. The damage occurs more frequently with higher cumulative doses. Often the patients have no symptoms of the heart damage for many year.
• Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency: A rare condition where an enzyme (cytochrome c oxidase) deficiency results in muscle disease which also affects the heart.
• Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic: A weakened heart mucle due to excessive alcohol consumption. Symptoms are usually not evident until the heart becomes severely damaged.
• Cardiomyopathy, familial dilated: An inherited form of heart muscle disease where the heart ventricles become dilated which affects the hearts ability to function normally.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 deficiency: A very rare inherited deficiency of a particular enzyme (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase I) prevents fatty acids being transported to the part of the cell that converts it to energy.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 deficiency: A very rare inherited deficiency of a particular enzyme (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase) which prevents fatty acids being transported to the part of the cell that converts it to energy. There are two main subtypes of the disorder with each involving a slightly different form of the enzyme. Type I can be readily managed through diet. Type II has three subtypes: the myopathic form affects mainly the muscles; the hepatocardiomuscular form affects the liver and heart muscle; and the lethal neonatal form affects muscles and organs and usually results in death during the first year of life.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency, infantile hepatocardiomuscular type: A very rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (CPT II) prevents muscle fats being converted to energy. The infantile form of this disease affects the muscles and the liver and heart.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency, lethal neonatal form: A very rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (CPT II) prevents muscle fats being converted to energy. The lethal neonatal form affects various organs as well as the muscles and death usually occurs during the first year of life.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency, myopathic: A very rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (CPT II) prevents muscle fats being converted to energy. Prolonged exercise can cause an episode of muscle symptoms. The myopathic form of the condition is the least severe and tends to affect only the muscles.
• Carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency: A very rare inherited deficiency of a particular enzyme (Carnitine palmitoyl transferase) which prevents fatty acids being transported to the part of the cell that converts it to energy. There are two main subtypes of the disorder with each involving a slightly different form of the enzyme. Type I can be readily managed through diet. Type II has three subtypes: the myopathic form affects mainly the muscles; the hepatocardiomuscular form affects the liver and heart muscle; and the lethal neonatal form affects muscles and organs and usually results in death during the first year of life.
• Carnitine transporter deficiency: An inherited deficiency of carnitine caused by the impaired ability of the carnitine transporter protein to carry the carnitine to where it is needed. Instead the carnitine is excreted through the urine. Fasting or illness can trigger a severe attack.
• Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where long-chain fatty acids can't be metabolized properly because the compound needed to transport it is faulty. Ultimately this prevents certain fats (long-chain acylcarnitine) being converted to energy and results in a build up of the fat which is harmful to body organs and tissues.
• Carpopedal spasm: spasm of the hands or feet
• Carukia barnesi sting: The Irukandji jellyfish is a very small type of box jellyfish found mainly in the northern tropical waters of Australia. Their sting is not particularly painful by the ensuing symptoms can be severe and life-threatening.
• Catalepsy: Complete trance-like mental detachment
• Cataract - ataxia - deafness: A rare syndrome characterized by cataracts, ataxia and progressive deafness.
• Cataract and cardiomyopathy: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of congenital cataracts, heart muscle disease, lactic acidosis and skeletal muscle disease. The disorder involves the abnormal storage of lipids and glycogen in the skeletal and heart muscles. The cataracts progress rapidly and require surgery. The severity of the disorder ranges from stillbirth to survival into the fourth decade.
• Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A very rare disorder where the blood clotting system becomes dysfunctional and clots too easily due to the abnormal presence of antphospholipid antibodies. It results in blood flow blockages to various body organs. It is possible that the condition has autoimmune origins. The disorder is often triggered by infections, certain drugs (e.g. anticoagulants), minor surgery and hysterectomy.
• Catatonia: Motor muscle function disorder
• Catatonic syndrome: A rare syndrome often seen in schizophrenics or associated with central nervous system disturbances or brain trauma. The symptoms tend to occur in episodes with periods of remission in between.
• Caterpillar complication poisoning: The spines on certain caterpillars can cause a skin reaction as well as systemic symptoms if ingested. The nature of the symptoms vary depending on the species of caterpillar involved. Some only produce skin reactions whereas others can produce systemic symptoms.
• Cathinone poisoning: Cathinone comes from the leaves of the Khat plant which is native to eastern Africa. Cathinone is a stimulant as well as have pain killing, weight loss and neuromuscular effects. The psychoactive effects are usually utilized by chewing on the leaves of the plant but sometimes dried leaves are used.
• Cebagin-induced lead poisoning: Cebagin is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Celiac Disease: Digestive intolerance to gluten in the diet.
• Celiac disease - epilepsy - occipital calcifications: A rare syndrome characterized by celiac disease and epilepsy with brain calcifications.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 1: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6p21.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 10: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q25-q26. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 11: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q28. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 12: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6q25.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 13: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect in the SH2B3 gene on chromosome 12q24. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 2: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 5q31-q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 3: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 4: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.1. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 5: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 15q11-q13. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 6: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 4q27. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 7: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 1q31. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 8: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q11-q12. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 9: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3p21. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Central nervous system lymphoma, primary: A type of lymphoma that occurs in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). A lymphoma consists of cancerous lymphocytes which are a type of white blood cell. Symptoms vary according to the location of the lymphoma.
• Central nervous system oxygen toxicity: High oxygen levels which affects the central nervous system. The condition can occur during deep dives with fatal consequences.
• Central nervous system protozoal infections: A protozoal infection of the central nervous system (spinal cord or brain). The infection may originate in the central nervous system (primary infection) or may spread from another part of the body (secondary infection). The infection may occur in otherwise healthy individuals or in individuals who have a compromised immune system. Primary protozoal CNS infections include cerebral amebiasis, granulomatous amebic encephalitis and secondary infections include cerebral malaria and cerebral babesiosis.
• Central pontine myelinolysis: A rare condition where the protective layer around brainstem nerve cells is destroyed which prevents nerve signals being transmitted properly. It generally occurs in response to a rapid change in sodium levels in the body which can be caused by treatment of various conditions or by various conditions that cause rapid sodium level changes.
• Cephalosporin-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Cephalosporin-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where a use of a medication called Cephalosporin triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Cephalothoracic progressive lipodystrophy: A rare acquired disorder that involves adipose tissue abnormalities and is characterized by loss of adipose tissue mainly in the trunk and arms.
• Cerebellar agenesis: A rare disorder characterized by an absent or underdeveloped portion of brain called the cerebellum which controls muscle and balance. Partial absence may cause little or no symptoms but complete absence results in movement and muscle problems.
• Cerebellar ataxia - intellectual deficit - optic atrophy - skin abnormalities: A rare syndrome characterized by ataxia, mental retardation, optic atrophy and skin abnormalities.
• Cerebellar ataxia type 1, autosomal recessive: A slow progressing brain disorder characterized by ataxia and dysarthria.
• Cerebellar ataxia, X-linked: A disorder where degeneration of certain parts of the brain results in symptoms such as ataxia. The rate of progression can vary.
• Cerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive: A group of rare, recessively inherited neurological disorders caused by abnormalities in the cerebellum and spinal cord. In some cases other parts of the body may be affected.
• Cerebellar ataxia, dominant pure: A dominantly inherited form of ataxia that involves only the cerebellar system.
• Cerebellar ataxia, infantile with progressive external ophthalmoplegia: A rare disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia during infancy and progressive paralysis of eye muscles.
• Cerebellar atrophy with progressive microcephaly: A very rare disorder characterized mainly by a small brain, small head, underdeveloped brain, brain degeneration, contractures, eye problems and seizures.
• Cerebellar degeneration, subacute: A rare disorder involving degeneration of the cerebellum and sometimes involves nearby spinal cord or brain tissue.
• Cerebellar hypoplasia: A rare brain disorder where a part of the brain (cerebellum) fails to develop fully. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance and movement.
• Cerebellar hypoplasia - endosteal sclerosis: A rare disorder character where a part of the brain (cerebellum) is underdeveloped and abnormally increased bone density (endosteal sclerosis).
• Cerebellar hypoplasia - tapetoretinal degeneration: A rare disorder character where a part of the brain (cerebellum) is underdeveloped and a nonprogressive eye disorder involving the retinal pigments. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls balance and movement.
• Cerebelloolivary atrophy: The degeneration of the parts of the brain called the cerebellum and the olives. Symptoms may vary from case to case depending on the severity and extent of the degeneration.
• Cerebelloparenchymal autosomal recessive disorder 3: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by albinism, incoordination, low muscle tone and eye problems.
• Cerebelloparenchymal disorder V: An inherited brain disorder characterized by myoclonic jerks which become more apparent during voluntary movements.
• Cerebellum agenesis - hydrocephaly: A rare brain disorder which manifests as reduced muscle tone, ataxia, cataracts and mental retardation.
• Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Familial: A rare disorder where abnormal deposits of amyloid in the brain blood vessels causes spasticity, incoordination and dementia. Brain hemorrhage and strokes may also result in severe cases.
• Cerebral Atrophy: Wasting away of the brain.
• Cerebral Palsy: Any brain disorder causing movement disability
• Cerebral astrocytoma, adult: A very rare tumor that occurs in adults and develops in brain cells called astrocytes. The part of the brain involved is the cerebrum at the top of the head which controls functions such as reading, writing, thinking, learning, speech, emotion and voluntary movement.
• Cerebral calcification cerebellar hypoplasia: A rare fatal condition observed in two sibling and characterized by abnormal calcification in parts of the brain, developmental regression, seizures, blindness and spastic tetraplegia.
• Cerebral cavernous malformations: A rare disorder where a group of small abnormal blood vessels in the brain. These blood vessels become enlarged, irregularly shaped and thin walled. They swell when filled with blood and are then often unable to return to their original shape and the thin walls means that they can leak blood and cause bleeding in the brain. Severity of symptoms depends on the number and location of the lesions.
• Cerebral gigantism - jaw cysts: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development and jaw cysts.
• Cerebral hemorrhage: Bleeding in the brain
• Cerebral palsy, spastic, diplegic: Brain damage that involves muscle rigidity that occurs either in both arms or in both legs. The brain damage is often the result of a birth defect or some sort of trauma to the brain.
• Cerebral sarcoma: A type of brain tumor that can be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The tumor arises from blood vessels in the brain. Symptoms may vary depending on the size and exact location of the tumor.
• Cerebral ventricle neoplasm: A tumor that occurs in the fluid-filled spaces of the brain called the ventricles. Symptoms vary depending on the size and exact location of the tumor and whether it is cancerous or not.
• Cerebro oculo skeleto renal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain, eye, skeletal and kidney abnormalities.
• Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal Syndrome: A genetic disorder involving degeneration of the brain and spinal cord that starts during the fetal stage.
• Cerebrorenodigital syndrome: A rare group of syndromes characterized mainly by brain, kidney, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). The 10 different type of the disorder are distinguished by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 1, infantile: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the progressive accumulation of certain chemicals (lipopigments) in body tissues due to deficiency of an enzyme (palmitoyl-protein thioesterase) needed to process it.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 10: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 10 involves a deficiency of cathepsin D and involves an initial period of normal development with neurodegenerative symptoms starting during the early school years.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 3, Juvenile: A progressive genetic disorder where defective lipid metabolism that causes blindness, neurological deterioration, dementia leading to total incapication within years and death within 10-15 years.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 4: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the progressive accumulation of certain chemicals (lipopigments) in body tissues due to deficiency of an enzyme (palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1) needed to process it.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 5: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 5 is distinguished from other types by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 6, late infantile: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 6 usually occurs between the ages of 2 to 6 years. Type 6 is distinguished from other types by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 7: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 7 is distinguished from other types by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 8: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 8 is distinguished from other types by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 9: A rare metabolic disorder that affects the nerve cells of the body and is characterized by the deposits of lipopigments (lipofuscin). Type 9 is distinguished from other types by the origin of the genetic defect.
• Cervical cancer: A condition which is characterized by the occurrence of malignancy on the cervix
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disorder: Degeneration of limb muscles.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (generic term): A group of inherited neurological disorders characterized by problems with the peripheral nerves. Muscle weakness, muscle wasting and sensory problems are the most common symptoms. The severity and age of onset of symptoms varies depending on the specific subtype of the disorder.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with pyramidal features, autosomal dominant: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. Type 5 has an autosomal dominant inheritance, progresses slowly and involves movement disorders.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1: A slow-progressing muscle disease characterized by muscle weakness and wasting that starts in the hands and feet. Very few patients become wheelchair dependent and life span is not affected. The disorder is inherited in an dominant pattern an involves demyelination of the nerves.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2: A rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormalities in the axon of the peripheral nerve cells instead of the myelin sheath coating of the nerves. The condition manifests as muscle weakness and wasting that usually starts in the legs and spreads to the hands and other parts of the body. The severity, age of onset and rate of progression of the condition varies depending on the genetic origin of the defect.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 aplasia cutis congenital: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. This form of the condition is inherited recessively and involves only mild muscle symptoms as well as a scalp defect.
• Chediak-Higashi like syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by albinism (lack of pigmentation). There are three different subtypes of the disorder (I, II and III) each with varying additional features such as immunodeficiency and neurological symptoms. Type 1 involves partial albinism and neurological symptoms, type II involves partial albinism, immunodeficiency and sometimes neurological symptoms and type III involves albinism only.
• Cheese Washer's lung: Inhalation of cheese particles contaminated with bacteria in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne cheese particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Cheese Washer's lung - Penicillium spp.: Inhalation of cheese particles contaminated with bacteria (Penicillium spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne cheese particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical allergy: A chemical allergy refers to an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to a chemical. The specific symptoms that can result can vary amongst patients depending on the type and duration of the exposure and individual response.
• Chemical burn: A chemical burn is a burn caused by a chemical. Symptoms vary depending on the chemical, the part of the body affected and the duration of the exposure to the chemical. Rapid first aid following exposure can limit the damage caused by the chemical. Chemical burns can occur when certain chemicals are accidentally swallowed, spilt on the skin, splashed in the eyes or even breathed in the case of chemical gases.
• Chemical burn - airways: Burns to the airways caused by a chemical - usually through inhalation but can also occur through aspiration if the chemical is swallowed. Symptoms vary depending on the type, quantity and strength of the chemical involved as well as the duration of the exposure to the chemical and promptness of treatment measures. Immediate medical attention should be sought if chemical burns to the airways are suspected.
• Chemical burn - ingestion: Burns to the mouth and gastrointestinal system caused by swallowing a chemical. Symptoms vary depending on the type, quantity and strength of the chemical involved as well as the duration of the exposure to the chemical and promptness of treatment measures. Immediate medical attention should be sought if chemical burns to the gastrointestinal system are suspected.
• Chemical burn - inhalation: Burns to the airways caused by a chemical through inhalation. Symptoms vary depending on the type, quantity and strength of the chemical involved as well as the duration of the exposure to the chemical and promptness of treatment measures. Immediate medical attention should be sought if chemical burns to the airways are suspected.
• Chemical burn - skin: Burns to the skin caused by a chemical. Symptoms vary depending on the type, quantity and strength of the chemical involved as well as the duration of the exposure to the chemical and promptness of treatment measures.
• Chemical pneumonia: Lung inflammation from inhaled chemicals
• Chemical poisoning - 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine: 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is a chemical used mainly in jet fuel and rocket fuel, plant growth agent, photography and various other industrial uses. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 1,3-Dinitrobenzene: 1,3-Dinitrobenzene is a chemical used mainly in explosives. The chemical can be readily absorbed through the skin and cause systemic symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 1-Propanol: 1-Propanol is a chemical used in various antiseptics, polishes, cleaners, cosmetics and lacquer. The main effects of an overdose of this chemical is depression of the central nervous system. However, some people can suffer an adverse reaction to the chemical.
• Chemical poisoning - 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol: 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is a chemical used mainly as an antiseptic, pesticide, wood preservative, glue preservative and as an antimildew agent in the textile manufacturing industry. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 2-Hexanone: 2-Hexanone is a chemical used mainly in paints, solvents and coated fabrics. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid is a chemical mainly used as a herbicide for field crops and turf. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 4-Aminopyridine: 4-Aminopyridine is a pesticide used mainly to control bird pests. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - 5,-Methoxy-N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine: 5,-Methoxy-N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine is a chemical used as a designer drug for its hallucinogen and aphrodisiac effects. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acetone: Acetone is a chemical used as a solvent in products such as glues, rubber cement and fingernail polish remover. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acetonitrile: Acetonitrile is a chemical used as a solvent mainly in nail removing agents. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acetylene Dichloride: Acetylene Dichloride is a chemical used mainly in the production of perfumes, dyes and thermoplastics. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acetylsalicylic Acid: Acetylsalicylic Acid is also known as aspirin and is primarily used to relieve pain, fever and inflammation. Excessive exposure to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acidic dry cell batteries: Acidic dry cell batteries contain toxic chemicals and eating the batteries can cause various symptoms if the chemical is released from the battery. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acrinathrin: Acrinathrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acrylamide: Acrylamide is a chemical used mainly in the treatment of waste water, grout agent, paper strengthening agent and adhesive agents. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acrylonitrile: Acrylonitrile is a chemical used mainly in the production of acrylic and modacrylic fibers but also in the production of certain plastics, nylon dyes, drugs and pesticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Adiponitrile: Adiponitrile is a chemical used mainly in the production of hexamethylene diamine which in turn is used mainly to produce nylon. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Aftershave: Aftershave contains chemicals (ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol) which can cause symptoms if ingested in sufficient quantities. Death from ingesting aftershave is considered unlikely. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Alanycarb: Alanycarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and nematicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Aldicarb: Aldicarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Aldoxycarb: Aldoxycarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Aldrin: Aldrin is a chemical once used mainly in insecticides for crops and as a termite preventative. The chemical can readily be absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Allethrin: Allethrin is a chemical used as an insecticide, mainly in households. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Allyxycarb: Allyxycarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Aluminum: Aluminum is a chemical used mainly for metallurgical purposes and can be found in packaging, electrical parts, vehicles, cooking utensils, construction materials and building components. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Amidithion: Amidithion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Aminocarb: Aminocarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Amiton: Amiton is a chemical once used as an insecticide and acaricide - it is no longer in use due to its nerve toxicity. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Amitraz: Amitraz is a chemical used mainly as a topical parasitic preventative in livestock and fruit trees. It is also used as an insect repellant and a prevention of mite infestation. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Amitrole: Amitrole is a herbicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ammonium Bifluoride: Ammonium Bifluoride is a chemical used wheel cleaners, herbicides and in the manufacture of magnesium. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ammonium Nitrate: Ammonium Nitrate is a chemical used mainly in explosives, fireworks and fertilizers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ammonium Sulfamate: Ammonium Sulfamate is a chemical used mainly in herbicides, fertilizers and. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Aniline: Aniline is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of perfumes, varnishes, resins, dyes, paint removers, herbicides, fungicides, explosives, solvents and photographic chemicals. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Antifreeze: Antifreeze is used in vehicles to prevent freezing or boiling over of the cooling system. The chemicals (methanol, ethylene and propylene glycol) in the antifreeze can cause severe poisoning symptoms if ingested. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Arsine: Arsine is a chemical used in the making of semiconductors and in the metal refining industry. It is considered a possible chemical agent in chemical warfare. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Athyl-Gusathion: Athyl-Gusathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinfos-methyl: Azinfos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinfosethyl: Azinfosethyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinophos-methyl: Azinophos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphos: Azinphos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphos-ethyl: Azinphos-ethyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphos-methyl: Azinphos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphosmetile: Azinphosmetile is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Azothoate: Azothoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Baking soda: Baking soda is generally considered non toxic and is used in cooking. However, excessive doses can cause various symptoms.
• Chemical poisoning - Barium: Barium is an element used in fireworks, glassmaking, contrast X-rays and in the electronics industry . The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Barthrin: Barthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bendiocarb: Bendiocarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly in . Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Benfuracarb: Benfuracarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Benoxafos: Benoxafos is a chemical pesticide used as an acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Bentazon: Bentazon is a chemical used mainly in herbicides for various crop plants. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Benzene: Benzene is a chemical used mainly in gasoline fuel and as an industrial solvent. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Beta-cyfluthrin: Beta-cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bifenthrin: Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bioallethrin: Bioallethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bioehtanomethrin: Bioehtanomethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Biopermethrin: Biopermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bioresmethrin: Bioresmethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Biphenyl: Biphenyl is a chemical used mainly as a fungicide for fruit packaging and in textile dyes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Borates: Borate is a chemical used in a wide variety of products - herbicides, paints, insecticides, rodenticides and various personal products such as skin creams, toothpastes and powders. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Boric Acid: Boric Acid is a chemical used mainly in foods (preservative, emulsifier, neutralizer), antiseptics, pesticides and contact lens cleaners. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. Application of boric acid directly to damaged skin can cause the chemical to be absorbed rapidly into the body and lead to death. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Brodifacoum: Brodifacoum is a chemical used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromadiolone: Bromadiolone is a chemical used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromates: Bromate is a chemical used mainly in perming solution neutralizers and in small amounts as a bread preservative. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromethalin: Bromethalin is a chemical used mainly in rodenticides. The chemical is toxic to the human nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromophos: Bromophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Bromophos-ethyl: Bromophos-ethyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Bufencarb: Bufencarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Butacarb: Butacarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Butocarboxim: Butocarboxim is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Butoxcarboxim: Butoxcarboxim is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Butyl Alcohol: Butyl alcohol is a chemical used mainly in solvents and in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cadmium: Cadmium is a chemical used mainly in batteries, solder, amalgams, cigarettes, PVC pigments and phosphate fertilizer production. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cadusafos: Cadusafos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and nematicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Camphor: Camphor is a chemical used mainly in moth repellents, pharmaceuticals (preservative) cosmetics, explosives, varnishes and various therapeutic applications. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbanolate: Carbanolate is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbaryl: Carbaryl is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbinoxamine: Carbinoxamine is a therapeutic treatment for allergic rhinitis. It is marketed under names such as Histex, Pediatiex and Carboxine. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbofuran: Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbon Disulfide: Carbon Disulfide is a chemical used mainly in corrosion inhibitors, cold and nickel plating, photography applications and as a solvent in gums and resins. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbon Tetrachloride: Carbon tetrachloride is a chemical used mainly in grain fumigants, insecticides and in the production of fluorocarbons. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbophenothion: Carbophenothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Carbosulfan: Carbosulfan is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and nematicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorate salts: Chlorate salt is a chemical used mainly in herbicides and in the manufacture of matches and explosives. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorfenvinphos: Chlorfenvinphos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorinated naphthalene: Chlorinated naphthalene is a chemical used in a wide range of applications: plasticizers, rubber industries, manufacture of electrical equipment and the petroleum industry. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorobenzene: Chlorobenzene is a chemical used mainly as a solvent and in the production of various other chemicals. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorodiphenyl: Chlorodiphenyl is a chemical used mainly in electrical cables and wires, electric condensers, lubricants and foundry coating and in the manufacture of paper, resins, rubbers, textiles, wood preservatives, electrical components, lacquers, herbicides and plasticizers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chloromethane: Chloromethane is a chemical used mainly in the production of silicones as well as agricultural chemicals, butyl rubber and other products. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chloropyrifos: Chloropyrifos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorpyrifos: Chlorpyrifos is a chemical used mainly in as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be absorbed readily through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorpyrifos methyl: Chlorpyrifos methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Cismethrin: Cismethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cloethocarb: Cloethocarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and nematicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Coumaphos: Coumaphos is used as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be absorbed readily through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cresols: Cresols are a group of chemicals that occur naturally in mammals and various plants. It is also manufactured and used in the production of disinfectants, deodorizers and pesticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cresylic acid: Cresylic acids are a group of chemicals that are used as solvents and in the manufacture of various products such as deodorants, disinfectants, pesticides, glues, paints, herbicides, pharmaceuticals as well as others. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyanthoate: Cyanthoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyclethrin: Cyclethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyfluthrin: Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyhalothrin: Cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyllprothrin: Cyllprothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyphenothrin: Cyphenothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - DDD: DDD is a chemical used mainly as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - DDT: DDT is a chemical used mainly as a pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be readily absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Decarbofuran: Decarbofuran is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Deltamethrin: Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton: Demeton-S is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-O: Demeton-O is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-O-methyl: Demeton-O-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-S-methyl: Demeton-S-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-S-methylsulphon: Demeton-S-methylsulphon is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Demeton-methyl: Demeton-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dialifos: Dialifos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Diazinon: Diazinon is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Diborane: Diborane is a chemical used mainly as a rocket propellant and in the manufacture of rubbers and electronics manufacture. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dichlorvos: Dichlorvos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dicresyl: Dicresyl is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dicrotophos: Dicrotophos is a toxic insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dieldrin: Dieldrin is a chemical used mainly to prevent termite infestations. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. This chemical may be absorbed readily through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimefluthrin: Dimefluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimetan: Dimetan is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimethoate: Dimethoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimethrin: Dimethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimethylnitrosamine: Dimethylnitrosamine is a chemical used mainly as a solving in the manufacture of plastics, rubbers, lubricants and rocket fuel. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimetilan: Dimetilan is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dinitrocresol: Dinitrocresol is a chemical used mainly as a herbicide and fungicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dinitrophenol: Dinitrophenol is a chemical that has various applications: herbicide, pesticide, fungicide, acaricide, manufacture of dyes and wood preservative. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dioxacarb: Dioxacarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Dioxathion: Dioxathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Disulfiram: Disulfiram is a drug used mainly to manage alcoholism. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Disulfoton: Disulfoton is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - EMPC: EMPC is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Empenthrin: Empenthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Endothion: Endothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Esfenvalerate: Esfenvalerate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethiofencarb: Ethiofencarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethion: Ethion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethoate-methyl: Ethoate-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethoprophos: Ethoprophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethyl-guthion: Azinphos-ethyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylbenzene: Ethylbenzene is a chemical used mainly in paint thinners, fuels, asphalt, degreasers, manufacture of various as products and as a solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylene Glycol: Ethylene Glycol is a chemical used mainly in antifreeze, coolants and as a solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. Symptoms tend to occur in three phases: the first 12 hours involves inebriation, seizuresand brain swelling; the second and third day involves deterioration of lung and heart function and the third stage involves kidney damage and possibly failure. Death can occur during any of the stages.
• Chemical poisoning - Ethylene Oxide: Ethylene oxide is a chemical used mainly in detergents, plasticizers, fumigants, inks, cosmetics and brake fluid. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Etrimfos: Etrimfos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenchlorphos: Fenchlorphos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenethacarb: Fenethacarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenfluthrin: Fenfluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenitrothion: Fenitrothion is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenobucarb: Fenobucarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenpirithrin: Fenpirithrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenpropathrin: Fenpropathrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acarcide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fensulfothion: Fensulfothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and nematicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenthion: Fenthion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and avicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenvalerate: Fenvalerate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Flucythrinate: Flucythrinate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Flufenprox: Flufenprox is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fluoridated toothpaste: Fluoridated toothpaste contains fluoride and various other chemicals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed. As little as half a tube of children's paste can cause death in a 2 year old child and a whole tube can cause death in a 9 year old child. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fluvalinate: Fluvalinate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fonophos: Fonophos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Formothion: Formothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Furathiocarb: Furathiocarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Furethrin: Furethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Gasoline: Gasoline is a chemical used as a fuel for combustion engines. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Glaze: Glazes are used to put a shiny finish on various surfaces such as pottery. Glazes contain chemicals such as lead and zinc oxide which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are eaten. The chemicals cause damage to the gastrointestinal lining and the damage may continue for weeks after the poison was ingested. Death can result in severe cases. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Glufosinate: Glufosinate is a chemical used mainly in herbicides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Guthion (ethyl): Guthion (ethyl) is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Halfenprox: Halfenprox is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Helium: Helium is a chemical used mainly in helium balloons, neon signs and diving gas. The gas is sometimes misused as an inhalant. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Heptenophos: Heptenophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Hexane: Hexane is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of products such as glue, paint, shoes and furniture. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - High Melting Explosive (HMX): High Melting Explosive (HMX) is a chemical used mainly in plastic explosives and rocket fuel propellant. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hydrogen Sulfide: Hydrogen Sulfide is a chemical that can be used in production processes (paper, tanneries, sulfide ores) or it may be a byproduct of certain industries. It is also found naturally in sewers and manure. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hydroquinone: Hydroquinone is a chemical used mainly in photography developing solution, pharmaceuticals, fur processing, paints, fuel, organic chemicals, plastics, stone coatings and styrene monomers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hyquincarb: Hyquincarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Imiprothrin: Imiprothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Incense: Drinking liquid incense or inhaling incense fumes can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Iodofenphos: Iodofenphos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Isofenphos: Isofenphos is an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Isoprocarb: Isoprocarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Jet Fuel-4: Jet Fuel-4 is an aviation turbine fuel used by the US military. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Jet Fuel-5: Jet Fuel-5 is an aviation turbine fuel used by the US military. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is a hallucinogenic drug which is often misused. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Malathion: Malathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Manganese: Manganese is a chemical used mainly in fertilizers, welding rods, matches, electrical coils, ceramics and animal food additives. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Mecarbam: Mecarbam is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Metaldehyde: Metaldehyde is a chemical used mainly as a molluscicide, in heating fuel and in fire lighters. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methacrifos: Methacrifos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Methamidophos: Methamidophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Methidathion: Methidathion is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Methiocarb: Methiocarb is a toxic pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methomyl: Methomyl is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Methyl parathion: Methyl parathion is a chemical used mainly as an insecticide for various crops. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methylene Dianiline: Methylene Dianiline is a chemical used mainly in corrosive inhibitors, epoxy resins and polyurethane. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Metiltriazotion: Metiltriazotion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Metofluthrin: Metofluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Metolcarb: Metolcarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Mevinphos: Mevinphos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Mexacarbate: Mexacarbate is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Molybdenum: Molybdenum is a chemical used mainly in steel alloys lubricants. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Monocrotophos: Monocrotophos is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Monosodium Methanarsenate: Monosodium Methanarsenate is a chemical used mainly as a herbicide or pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Mouth Wash: Mouth wash contains various chemicals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitrates: Nitrates are chemicals used mainly in explosives and ammunitions but are also an ingredient in cold packs. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitrilacarb: Nitrilacarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitrites: Nitrite is a chemical used in many applications: manufacture of dyes, fabric manufacture, corrosive inhibitors, photography and cyanide antidote kits. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Nitroglycerin: Nitroglycerin is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of explosives, dynamite, rocket propellant and smokeless powders. The chemical is readily absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Omethoate: Omethoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Oxamyl: Oxamyl is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide, acaricie and nematicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Oxydeprofos: Oxydeprofos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Oxydisulfoton: Oxydisulfoton is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Paramethoxyamphetamine: Paramethoxyamphetamine is used as a recreational hallucinogenic drug. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Parathion: Parathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Parathion Methyl: Parathion Methyl is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Pentachlorophenol: Pentachlorophenol is a chemical used mainly in fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, molluscicides, algicides and bactericides. It is commonly used as a wood preservative. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phencyclidine: Phencyclidine is often used as an illegal recreational drug. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phenkapton: Phenkapton is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phenmedipham: Phenmedipham is used as a herbicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phenol: Phenol is a chemical used mainly in the production of fertilizer, explosives, rubber, paint, paint remover, perfumes, asbestos products, wood preservatives, resins, textiles, pharmaceuticals and drugs. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phorate: Phorate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosalone: Phosalone is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosdrin: Phosdrin is a toxic pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosmet: Phosmet is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosphamidon: Phosphamidon is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and nematicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosphine: Phosphine is a chemical used mainly in pesticides and rodenticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phoxim: Phoxim is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Phthalthrin: Phthalthrin is an insecticide - it is used mainly for indoor purposes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. Generally, large amounts need to be involved to cause serious symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pirimicarb: Pirimicarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Pirimiphos-methyl: Pirimiphos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans are a group of chemicals that are usually formed as a byproduct of various industrial processes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Prallethrin: Prallethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Primiphos methyl: Primiphos methyl is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Profenofos: Profenofos is a toxic pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Profluthrin: Profluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Promacyl: Promacyl is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Promecarb: Promecarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Propane: Propane is a chemical used mainly in fuels and as a solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Propoxur: Propoxur is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Propylene Glycol: Propylene Glycol is a chemical used mainly in cosmetics and in antifreeze and as a pharmaceutical solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Prothidathion: Prothidathion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Prothoate: Prothoate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Protrifenbute: Protrifenbute is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyresmethrin: Pyresmethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyrethrin: Pyrethrin is used mainly as an indoor insecticide. Pyrethrin is considered to have a relatively low level of toxicity with large amounts usually required to produce toxicity symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyrethroid: Pyrethroid is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyrimitate: Pyrimitate is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Quinalphos: Quinalphos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Quintiofos: Quintiofos is a chemical pesticide used as an acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Selenious Acid: Selenious Acid is a chemical used mainly in gun bluing agents. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Silafluofen: Silafluofen is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Sodium Monofluoroacetate: Sodium Monofluoroacetate is a chemical used mainly as a rodenticides, often to control mammal pests in crops. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Solder: Solder contains various chemicals and heavy metals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Sophamide: Sophamide is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Stoddard Solvent: Stoddard Solvent is a solvent used in dry cleaning, ink printing, adhesives, paint thinners, liquid photocopier toners. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Strychnine: Strychnine is used as a rodenticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Sulfotep: Sulfotep is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Tau-Fluvalinate: Tau-Fluvalinate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tazimcarb: Tazimcarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Tefluthrin: Tefluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Terbufos: Terbufos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and nematicide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate: Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate is a toxic pesticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tetramethrin: Tetramethrin is an insecticide - it is used mainly for indoor purposes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. Generally, large amounts need to be involved to cause serious symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide: Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide is a chemical used mainly in the production of a variety of electronic components. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine: Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine is a chemical used mainly as a rodenticide in China. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Thallium Sulfate: Thallium Sulfate is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of switches and closures in the semiconductor industry. It has historically also been used as a rodenticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Thiocarboxime: Thiocarboxime is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Thiodicarb: Thiodicarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Thiofanox: Thiofanox is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Thiometon: Thiometon is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Tolclofos methyl: Tolclofos methyl is a chemical insecticide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Toluene: Toluene is a chemical used mainly in pesticides, degreasers, glues and pain removers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Toxaphene: Toxaphene is a chemical used mainly as a livestock insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tralomethrin: Tralomethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Transfluthrin: Transfluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Transpermethrin: Transpermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Triazophos: Triazophos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Triazotion: Triazotion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Trichlorfon: Trichlorfon is an insecticide used mostly in crops. It is considered motderately toxic to humans. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Trichloroethylene: Trichloroethylene is a chemical used mainly as an industrial solvent and in adhesives, lacquer, fire retardants and house cleaning solvents. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Trifenfos: Trifenfos is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Trimellitic Anhydride: Trimellitic Anhydride is a chemical used mainly in the manufacturing process of paint, plastics, polyester resins and as a curing agent for epoxy and other resins. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Trimethacarb: Trimethacarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide, bird repellent, molluscicide and mamal repellent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Tungsten: Tungsten is an element used mainly in light bulb filaments, X-ray tubes, electrodes, superalloys, heating elements and various other high temperature uses. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Turpentine Oil: Turpentine Oil is a chemical used mainly as a solvent, paint thinner and various other applications such as deodorizing fragrances and antiseptics. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Vamidothion: Vamidothion is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Vinyl Choride: Vinyl Choride is an intermediate chemical used in the manufacturing process of a variety of products: polyvinyl chloride, pipes, wire coverings, vehicle plastics, rubber, paper, furniture and glass. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - White Phosphorus: White Phosphorus is a chemical used mainly in fertilizers, water treatment, rodenticides and insecticides (for cockroaches). Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - XMC: XMC is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Xylene: Xylene is a chemical used mainly in pesticides and in the manufacture of glue, paint, paper, rubber, pharmaceuticals and polymers. It is also used as a solvent and clarifier for microscopic tissue examinations in laboratories. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Xylylcarb: Xylylcarb is a carbamate pesticide used mainly as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Zinc Phosphide: Zinc Phosphide is a chemical used mainly as a rodenticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - alpha-Cypermethrin: alpha-Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - beta-Cypermethrin: Beta-Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - gamma-Cyhalothrin: Gamma-Cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - lambda-Cyhalothrin: lambda-Cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - theta-Cypermethrin: theta -Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - zeta-Cypermethrin: zeta-Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical worker's lung (Ammonia): Inhalation of a chemical called Ammonia in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Chlorine): Inhalation of a chemical called Chlorine in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Formalin vapours): Inhalation of a chemical called Formalin vapours in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Hydrogen Sulfide): Inhalation of a chemical called Hydrogen Sulfide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Methylene Diisocyanate): Inhalation of a chemical called Methylene Diisocyanate in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Nitrogen dioxide): Inhalation of a chemical called Nitrogen dioxide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Ozone): Inhalation of a chemical called Ozone in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Phosgene): Inhalation of a chemical called Phosgene in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Sulfur dioxide): Inhalation of a chemical called Sulfur dioxide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Trimellitic anhydride): Inhalation of a chemical called trimellitic anhydride)in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung - Lacquer: Inhalation of a lacquer (which contains isocyanates) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung - Varnish: Inhalation of a varnish (which contains isocyanates) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Cherry laurel seed poisoning: Wild cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Wild cherry plants grow mainly in eastern Europe, Western Asia and Britain.
• Cherry seed poisoning: Cherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually only occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual.
• Chest Cold: Acute lower respiratory infection caused by virus
• Chiari Malformation: Protrusion of the brain down the spinal column.
• Childhood hypophosphatasia: An inherited bone disorder due to an inborn error of metabolism characterized by a deficiency of alkaline phosphate which results in loss of deciduous teeth before the age of 5 as well as muscle and bone problems - childhood onset.
• Childhood liver cancer, primary: Cancer that develops in the tissue of the liver in children.
• Childhood-onset bipolar disorder: Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness characterized by recurrent episodes of depression, mania, and/or mixed symptom states. These episodes cause unusual and extreme shifts in mood, energy, and behavior that interfere significantly with normal, healthy functioning.
• Childhood-onset cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy: A rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the protective sheath around nerves resulting in increasing difficulty. The childhood cerebral form of the condition is the most severe.
• Chitayat-Moore-Del Bigio syndrome: A rare birth disorder characterized mainly by brain abnormalities, large head and facial anomalies.
• Chloramphenicol-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Chloramphenicol-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called chloramphenicol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Chloroleukemia: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Chloroma: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Chloromyeloma: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Chlorophacinone rodenticide poisoning: Chlorophacinone is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chokecherry seed poisoning: Chokecherry seeds contain a chemical called amygdalin which breaks down into cyanide in the human body. The toxic chemicals are not released if the seed remains intact and therefore poisoning usually occurs if the seeds are crushed and eaten. Accidental ingestion is very unusual. Chokecherry plants grow mainly in Northern America.
• Cholera: An acute bacterial disease transmitted through food or water contaminated with human faeces. The intestinal infection is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
• Cholestasis: A condition where bile formation or flow is reduced.
• Cholestasis disease of pregnancy: A liver condition that can occur usually in the last stage of pregnancy. The flow of bile in the gallbladder or liver is impaired by the high levels of pregnancy hormones. The bile acids build up in the organs and then enter the bloodstream. The main symptom is usually itching. Symptoms usually resolve after delivering the baby. Risk factors includes existing liver condition, multiple pregnancy and a family history of the condition.
• Chondroblastoma (benign): A rare benign bone tumor that usually forms in the ends of long bones such as the leg bones.
• Chorea: The occurrence of rapid, jerky, dyskinetic movements that are involuntary
• Chorea familial benign: A rare movement disorder which is stable and involves abnormal involuntary movements (chorea) and continuous writhing movements.
• Chorea, remitting with nystagmus and cataracts: A rare inherited disorder characterized by chorea and involuntary horizontal eye movements that start in infancy and improve or disappear by the age of 10. Cataracts were also present.
• Choreoacanthocytosis amyotrophic: A rare inherited disease involving neurological degeneration and abnormal red blood cell shape. The disorder progresses slowly and causes involuntary movements, loss of cognitive ability, behavioral changes and seizures.
• Choreoathetosis-spasticity, episodic: A dominantly inherited movement disorder characterized by episodes of involuntary movments. Symptom episodes are often triggered by fatigue, alcohol, physical exertion and stress.
• Choroid Plexus neoplasms: A rare type of brain tumor that originates in the choroids plexus. The choroids plexus is located inside a space in the brain called the ventricles and produces cerebrospinal fluid. Symptoms are determined by the size, type and exact location of the tumor.
• Choroido cerebral calcification syndrome infantile form: A rare syndrome characterized by abnormal calcification in part of the brain and mental retardation.
• Christmas Rose poisoning: The Christmas Rose plant contains proteoanemonin which can cause blisters and saponins which can cause irritation. The plant is found mainly in Europe. All parts of the plant are poisonous.
• Chromosome 1, 1p36 deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as heart problems, mental retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism and short stature. The symptoms are variable depending on the exact location of chromosomal deletion.
• Chromosome 1, Terminal deletion: A genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 1 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1p32: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as mental retardation, clubfoot an umbilical hernia.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1q25 q32: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as digital defects, facial dysmorphism, retarded growth, mental retardation and spasticity.
• Chromosome 1, monosomy 1q4: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 1 causes various abnormalities such as facial dysmorphism, retarded fetal growth, seizures, mental retardation, testicular problems and kidney defects.
• Chromosome 1, pter-p36: A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end portion of the short arm of chromosome 1 is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Chromosome 1, uniparental disomy 1q12 q21: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 10, trisomy 10p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 resulting in variable abnormalities.
• Chromosome 10p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 10p duplication/10q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a section of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 is duplicated and a section of the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 11q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 11 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 11q partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is missing and is characterized by trigonencephaly, heart defects and a large, carp-shaped mouth.
• Chromosome 12, 12p trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 12, Isochromosome 12p Mosaic: A very rare disorder genetic disorder involving abnormalities in chromosome 12. The severity of symptoms is variable and tends to include a wide range of defects and abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12, trisomy 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 12p deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 12p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy.
• Chromosome 13 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 13 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. Most die within months and there are few survivors after 10 years.
• Chromosome 13q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 13q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 13q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is duplicated resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities.
• Chromosome 13q partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 14 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 14 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing. The disorder is characterized by growth and mental retardation and characteristic facial features.
• Chromosome 14 deletion: A rare genetic disorder where deletion genetic material from chromosome 14 causes various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 14q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 14q terminal deletion syndrome: A very rare genetic condition where a portion at the end of the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 is missing.
• Chromosome 14q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 14q, terminal deletion: A very rare syndrome caused by a deletion of a part of the material on chromosome 14 and resulting in various abnormalities such as mental retardation and short fingers.
• Chromosome 14qter deletion: A very rare genetic condition where a portion at the end of the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 is missing.
• Chromosome 15 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 15 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 15 inverted duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an duplicated section of chromosome 15 which is reversed end-to-end resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 15 trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from chromosome 15.
• Chromosome 15, trisomy mosaicism: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 15 causes various abnormalities such as clubfoot, poor muscle tone, neurological dysfunction and hand abnormalities.
• Chromosome 15q duplication mosaicism: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 15 in some of the body's cells causes various abnormalities such as clubfoot, poor muscle tone, neurological dysfunction and hand abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q triplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of a part of the long arm of chromosome 15 resulting in various anomalies.
• Chromosome 15q, partial duplication (distal q arm): A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q, partial duplication (unbalanced translocation): A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q, trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome: A genetic disorder characterized by the deletion of a small portion of genetic material at the chromosomal location of 15q13.3. A rare syndrome characterized mainly by seizures, mental retardation, and slightly unusual facial features.
• Chromosome 16q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17 deletion: A rare genetic disorder where deletion genetic material from chromosome 17 causes various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 17 ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 17 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 17 trisomy: A rare genetic disorder where duplication of genetic material from chromosome 17 causes various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 17 trisomy mosaicism: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 17 in some of the body's cells. The type of symptoms and severity is determined by the number of cells that have the three copies. Some cases have no obvious symptoms.
• Chromosome 17, deletion 17q23 q24: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17p, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 17q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 18 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 18 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 18 deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing.
• Chromosome 18, trisomy 18q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 18q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 19p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm of chromosome 19 is duplicated resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 19q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome is triplicated. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the duplicated genetic portion.
• Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 1p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 1q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 2 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 2 instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2p22: A rare chromosomal disorder where deletion of a portion of chromosome 2 causes various abnormalities such as deafness, intestinal problems, mental retardation and speech defects.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2pter p24: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in a range of birth defects and abnormalities.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2q24: A genetic disorder characterized by the deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 2.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2q37: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm of chromosome 2 is missing which results in various birth defects and abnormalities. The features of the disorder are determined by the exact size and location of the deletion.
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 20, deletion 20p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 20p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 20p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where a copy of the short arm of chromosome 20 has been triplicated instead of duplicated resulting in various anomalies.
• Chromosome 20q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving a duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 20 resulting in various physical and developmental abnormalities.
• Chromosome 21 monosomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is only one copy of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two leading to various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 21, tetrasomy 21q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is four copies of the long arm of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two which results in various physical and mental anomalies.
• Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 21 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 22 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 22, microdeletion 22q11: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm of chromosome 22 is deleted.
• Chromosome 22, monosome mosaic: A very rare chromosomal disorder where one copy of chromosome 22 occurs in some of the body's cells and results in various anomalies. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 22, monosomy mosaic: A very rare chromosomal disorder where one copy of chromosome 22 occurs in some of the body's cells and results in various anomalies.
• Chromosome 22, trisomy: A very rare disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 22 in all the body cells. The condition is usually fatal soon after birth or during the fetal stage.
• Chromosome 22q deletion: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 22 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 22q11 deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a small piece of genetic material is missing from chromosome 22 at the q11 location.
• Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by the absence of a small portion of genetic material. A small section of chromosome 22 is missing at a location called q11.2. Chromosome 22 is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes that exist in humans.
• Chromosome 22q13 deletion: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 22 is missing at the q13 location which results in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 22q13.3 deletion syndrome: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 22 is missing at the q13.3 location which results in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 2p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 2q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 3, monosomy 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 3 is absent and is characterized by mental and growth deficiency, drooping upper eyelid and polydactyly.
• Chromosome 3, monosomy 3q13: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by a range of abnormalities including facial anomalies, kidney dysfunction, large head, small penis and impaired joint mobility.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two. The condition is characterized by mental and growth deficiency, broad nose root and excessive hair growth.
• Chromosome 4 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the ends of chromosome 4 have been deleted and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring shape resulting in a range of symptoms determined by the size and location of the genetic deletion.
• Chromosome 4 short arm deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4, Monosomy 4q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 is missing resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 4, monosomy 4p14 p16: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by various abnormalities including muscle problems, tall stature, mental retardation and hand and facial anomalies.
• Chromosome 4, trisomy 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome four is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 4, trisomy 4q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 4p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4p15-16 deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the short arm (p15-16) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 5, Trisomy 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 5, trisomy 5pter p13 3: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by cortico-adrenal hypoplasia, mental retardation, seizures and a blood abnormality.
• Chromosome 5, trisomy 5q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 5p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 5p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two copies.
• Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 5q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 6, monosomy 6p23: A very rare chromosomal disorder characterized by various abnormalities including mental retardation, facial, finger and toe anomalies as well as heart, skeletal and neurological problems.
• Chromosome 6, monosomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 6, trisomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 6p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 6q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 6q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7, monosomy 7q21: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation, short stature, facial anomalies and muscle and distal limb abnormalities.
• Chromosome 7, monosomy 7q3: A very rare chromosomal disorder involving a deletion of material from chromosome 7 at a location known as q3 which results in a wide range of abnormalities.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 7q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7q partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 8 recombinant syndrome: A rare recombinant chromosomal disorder involving chromosome 8 which results in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8, mosaic trisomy: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 8 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Chromosome 8, trisomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 8p inverted duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the inverted duplication of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in three copies of the genetic material instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the duplication.
• Chromosome 8p mosaic tetrasomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the short arm of chromosome 8 is repeated four times in some of the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 8q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 9, Trisomy 9p (Multiple Variants): A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation, head and face malformations and various other abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9, monosomy 9p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is missing resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9q32: A rare chromosomal disorder where duplication of a portion of chromosome 9 causes various abnormalities such as short stature and mental retardation and facial anomalies.
• Chromosome 9p deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 9 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 9p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is four copies of the short arm of chromosome 9 instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is deleted resulting in variable symptoms.
• Chromosome 9q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9q duplication/chromosome 9p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated and part of the short arm (p) is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. These chromosomal abnormality occurs in only some of the body's cells (mosaicism).
• Chromosome diploid-triploid mosaicism syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving chromosomal duplication, triplication and mosaicism.
• Chronic Kidney Disease: Long-term and generally irreversible disease of the kidneys due to infection, obstruction, congenital diseases or generalised diseases causing failure of the kidneys' normal functions.
• Chronic Myeloproliferative Disease, Unclassified: A form of blood disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursors in the bone marrow. This category refers to cases of myeloproliferative disease which don't fit into any of the other specific type of myelproliferative diseases.
• Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders: A group of blood cancers where excessive numbers of blood cells are made by overactive or cancerous bone marrow. The number of excess blood cells tends to grow slowly. Examples of such disorders includes chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. The symptoms are determined by which particular blood cancer is involved.
• Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia: A rare form of leukemia characterized by excessive levels of mature neutrophils.
• Chronic adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The acute form tends to progress relatively slowly and generally responds better to treatment than the other subtypes.
• Chronic berylliosis: A condition that results from long term exposure to beryllium in the form of dust or fumes. The lungs, skin eyes or blood may be affected.
• Chronic fatigue syndrome: A persistent debilitating fatigue of recent onset
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A rare disorder involving swelling of nerve roots and destruction of the protective layer around nerves. Severe symptoms can take up to a year or more to develop.
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia: A slow-growing cancer of the white blood cells where the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells which eventually invade various parts of the body.
• Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of certain blood cells - myelocytes and monocytes. The proliferation is slower than in acute forms of the disease.
• Chronic vitamin A toxicity: Chronic excessive ingestion of vitamin A can cause symptoms.
• Chuifong tokuwan-induced lead poisoning: Chuifong tokuwan is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to arthritis and other pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Chylomicron retention disease with Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome: A rare condition characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism, vitamin E deficiency, incoordination and short stature.
• Ciguatera poisoning: Rare toxic food poisoning from eating contaminated fish
• Ciliary dyskinesia-bronchiectasis: A very rare disorder where the cilia fail to move. The cilia are tiny, hair-like structures found in the respiratory and ear passages and help to clear debris and mucus. The lack of ciliary movement can cause a lung disease called bronchiectasis where a build up of mucus causes infections and airway damage. The airways then become enlarged. The condition can become progressively worse with time and can result in serious breathing problems.
• Cirrhosis, familial: Liver cirrhosis that is inherited in a familial pattern. The liver scarring (cirrhosis) is not caused by any discernable disease process. The liver becomes progressively scarred and its function is impaired.
• Citrullinemia: Citrullinemia is an inherited urea cycle disorder which causes toxic substances including ammonia to build up in the blood. There are two main subtypes of Citrullinemia (I and II) which are caused by different genetic abnormalities and result in different symptoms. Milder forms may present in childhood and rare late-onset forms (adult-onset) may not cause symptoms until adulthood.
• Citrullinemia I: A very rare urea cycle disorder where a lack of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase prevents ammonia being turned into urea which can then be excreted in the urine. The build up of ammonia in the body can cause harmful effects. The neonatal form of citrullinemia type I is generally more serious than the later onset form which may sometimes be mild enough to produce no symptoms.
• Citrullinemia II: A very rare urea cycle disorder involving a deficiency of the transport compound called Citrin. Citrin transports aspartate to where the enzyme argininosuccinic acid synthase can combine it with citrulline to make argininosuccinic acid. The deficiency prevents ammonia being turned into urea which can then be excreted in the urine. The build up of ammonia in the body can cause harmful effects.
• Classic childhood ALD: Classic severe form of ALD in boys.
• Classical pyridoxine-dependent seizures: A form of epilepsy which responds to pyridoxine hydrochloride administration and not to standard anticonvulsant medication.
• Claviceps purpurea poisoning: Claviceps purpurea is a type of fungus that can contaminate grains such as rye, wheat, oats and barely. Ingestion of contaminated foods can cause poisoning with the severity of symptoms varying depending on the amount consumed.
• Cleft lip palate - deafness - sacral lipoma: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by an opening in the palate and lip, deafness and a lipoma in the end portion of the spine.
• Cleft lip palate pituitary deficiency: A very rare disorder characterized by a cleft lip and palate as well as deficient pituitary gland activity which affects hormone levels. The clefts and the pituitary abnormality are considered to be midline defects.
• Clonus: An involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in rapid succession.
• Clupeotoxism: A potentially fatal condition caused by eating fish such as herrings and anchovies from the Clupeidae family of fish. Severe poisoning can result in death within half an hour of ingestion. Outbreaks have been reported in the Caribbean Sea and the Indian-Pacific area.
• Coarse face - hypotonia - constipation: A very rare syndrome characterized by coarse facial features, poor muscle tone and constipation.
• Cobra poisoning: The Cobra is a poisonous snake which can be found in Africa, Asia and other parts of the world. Some cobras are able to spit venom into the victims eye and cause serious symptoms.
• Cocaine abuse: Stimulant drug with various effects
• Cocaine addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use cocaine on a regular basis. Chronic cocaine use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Cocaine overdose: Cocaine is an illegal and highly addictive recreational drug. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Cocaine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when cocaine use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Cocaine-induced hypertension: Cocaine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of cocaine. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking cocaine and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of cocaine use.
• Coccidioidomycosis: An infectious fungal disease caused by inhaling the spores of a particular bacteria. Also called desert fever, desert rheumatism, San Joaquin fever and valley fever.
• Cockayne syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a senile-like appearance, hearing and vision impairment and sun sensitive skin.
• Cockayne syndrome type 1: A rare inherited condition characterized by short stature, light sensitivity and a prematurely aged appearance. Type 1 is an early-onset form and involves progressive symptoms that usually start after 1 year of age.
• Coconut crab poisoning: The coconut crab is commonly found and eaten as a delicacy in the Indo-Pacific region. These crabs can contain toxic chemicals which can cause severe poisoning in humans if eaten. The toxicity of these crabs is believed to be derived from the ingestion of certain toxic ocean plants. The best way to avoid poisoning is to not eat these crabs at all.
• Codeine overdose: Codeine is a prescription drug mainly used to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Codeine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Codeine use is discontinued or reduced. Codeine is a sedative pain-killer. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10), deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the deficiency of Coenzyme Q 10. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency of: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (CoQ-Cytochrome C reductase) disrupts cellular processes. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. The deficiency may result in a variety of symptoms and conditions of variable severity such as cardiomyopathy, fatal infant conditions and Leber's myopathy.
• Coffee Worker's lung: Inhalation of coffee bean dust in occupational settings can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to small air-borne particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Coffin-Lowry syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by down slanting space between eyelids, bulbous nose, soft hands and tapering fingers.
• Coffin-Siris Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped or absent fifth finger and toenails and coarse facial features.
• Cogan's syndrome: A disorder primarily involving eye inflammation and hearing impairment and dizziness. Complete deafness usually occurs within a couple of years. The disorder is caused by inflammation of the arteries in the ear. Sometimes arteries in other parts of the body may also be affected e.g. skin, kidneys and other organs.
• Cohen Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, obesity and prominent front teeth.
• Colchicine poisoning: Ingestion of toxic quantities of colchicines. Colchicine is primarily used as a medicinal theapy for conditions such as gout and familial Mediterranean fever, scleroderma, secondary amyloidosis and pericarditis. The chemical is a natural chemical found in a plant called meadow saffron and ingestion of the plant can also result in poisoning. The plant is found in the northern parts of the world.
• Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a condition where the body's immune system triggers the production of antibodies against the body's own red blood cells. The red cells are destroyed at an abnormally rapid rate which leads to anemia. Cold haemolytic anemia is characterized by the fact that the abnormal destruction of red blood cells is more active when the patient is exposed to cold temperatures. The severity of the condition varies depending on the underlying cause. The condition may develop gradually or occur suddenly and cause serious symptoms.
• Cold antibody hemolytic anemia: A rare autoimmune condition where the body's defense system attacks and destroys red blood cells. The onset of the condition is triggered by temperatures 30ºC or lower.
• Cold-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to the common cold.
• Coleman Randall syndrome: A rare condition (one reported case) characterized by deafness, underdeveloped gonads, pili torti and a deficiency of growth and luteinizing hormone.
• Collagenous Colitis: A chronic disorder of the digestive system characterized by inflammation and thickening of the large intestine lining.
• Collagenous celiac disease: Collagenous celiac disease is used to describe progressive celiac disease characterized by the presence of a layer of collagen (scarring) in the intestinal layers. This form of celiac disease usually fails to respond to treatments such as gluten-free diets. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The condition usually fails to respond to treatment and has a poor prognosis.
• Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized by an eye anomaly (gap in eye structures such as choroids and retina) and abnormal development of the midline structure of the brain (cerebellar vermis aplasia).
• Coloboma porencephaly hydronephrosis: A rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a coloboma of the eye (absence of portion of the eye structure), kidney problems and a brain anomaly (porencephaly).
• Colorado tick encephalitis: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Colorectal Polyps: Polyp growths in the colon or rectum.
• Colpocephaly: A rare brain malformation that is present at birth. The cavities present at the back of the brain are larger than normal as the brain tissue has failed to develop normally to fill some of the space. Severity of symptoms are variable depending on the degree of abnormality.
• Combarros Calleja Leno syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the association of glaucoma at birth with a form of ataxia.
• Combat stress reaction: A term used in the military which refers to behaviors that result from the stress of fighting in a war.
• Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 5: An inherited mitochondrial disorder which starts before birth and usually results in death within months of birth.
• Common migraine: Migraine headaches are recurrent headaches that may be unilateral or bilateral. Migraine headaches may occur with or without a prodrome. The aura of a migraine may consist of neurologic symptoms, such as dizziness, tinnitus, scotomas, photophobia, or visual scintillations (eg, bright zigzag lines).
• Complete atrioventricular canal: A rare form of congenital heart disease where the there is a hole in the heart wall that separates the upper heart chambers, a hole the heart wall that separates the lower heart chambers and heart valve abnormalities (tricuspid and mitral valves). This results in excessive blood circulation in the lungs leading to congestive heart failure in untreated cases.
• Complex 1 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (NADH CoQ) disrupts cellular processes and causes various organic acid disorders. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. Presentation may range from infantile death to various disorders such as Leigh's disease, Parkinson's disease and cardiomyopathy.
• Complex 2 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (succinate CoQ reductase) disrupts cellular processes. The deficiency may result variable symptoms and condition including conditions such as Leigh's syndrome, myopathy and Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
• Complex 4 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where the body doesn't have enough of an enzyme called enzyme cytochrome C oxidase (COX or Complex IV) which is needed in the process of energy production by body cells. There are two subtypes: the benign infantile type only affects muscles whereas the fatal infant type affects the hearty and kidneys as well as the muscles.
• Complex 4 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency, benign infantile myopathy: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where the body doesn't have enough of an enzyme called enzyme cytochrome C oxidase (COX or Complex IV) which is needed in the process of energy production by body cells. The deficiency generally only affects the muscle tissue
• Complex 4 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency, fatal infant myopathy type: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where the body doesn't have enough of an enzyme called enzyme cytochrome C oxidase (COX or Complex IV) which is needed in the process of energy production by body cells. The fatal infant type generally affects the hearty and kidneys as well as the muscles.
• Complex 5 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (ATP synthetase) disrupts cellular processes. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. The deficiency may result in a variety of symptoms and conditions of variable severity such as Leber's myopathy, Leigh syndrome, cardiomyopathy and NARP (neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa).
• Cone shell poisoning: A number of species of cone shells are capable of envenomating humans. The toxin is a neurotoxin and thus primarily affects the nervous system. Cone shells are found mainly in shallow waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans. The toxicity varies amongst species with some delivering a benign stink whereas others are capable of causing death. The cone snails a proboscis on the end of which is a poison-filled barb.
• Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of disorders involving abnormally synthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. There is a long chain of events involved in the synthesis and defects may occur with any of the compounds or enzymes involved in the process. Progressive impairment and regression of skills often occurs after a period of normal development following birth.
• Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Type Ia: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Muscle weakness and wasting that starts at birth or around the time of birth. The severity and extent of muscle involvement is greatly variable.
• Congenital Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease which usually results from autoimmune dysfunction. Congenital myasthenia gravis however results from a genetic defect. Symptoms tend to become worse during the day with activity and improve after rest or after sleeping. The severity of symptoms may vary.
• Congenital benign spinal muscular atrophy dominant: A very rare syndrome characterized by non-progressive muscle weakness that affects mainly the legs.
• Congenital brain dysgenesis due to glutamine synthetase deficiency: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of the glutamine synthase enzyme. This results in a lack of glutamine in the serum, urine and brain and spinal fluid. The condition results in severe brain malformations and infant death within weeks of birth.
• Congenital cystic eye, multiple ocular and intracranial anomalies: A rare birth syndrome characterized by various eye and brain abnormalities, The eye abnormality is a developmental disorder where a large cyst forms instead of one eye. The size of the cyst is variable.
• Congenital cytomegalovirus: Fetal infection with cytomegalovirus.
• Congenital disorder of Glycosylation type Ic: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1C has a differs from the other subtypes by the type of enzyme which is deficient.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1/IIX: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type I/IIX refers to cases where the specific abnormality cannot be determined.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1C: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1C has a ?1,3-glucosyl-transferase enzyme defect.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1D: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1D has a ?1,3-Mannosyl transferase enzyme defect.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1E: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1E has a Dol-P-Man synthase enzyme defect.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1F: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IF is caused by a defect on chromosome 17p13.1-p12 and involves a defect on the MPDU1 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1G: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IG is caused by a defect on chromosome 22q13.33 and involves the gene for a particular enzyme (dolichyl-P-mannose:Man-7-GlcNAc-2-PP-dolichyl-alpha-6-mannosyltransferase).
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1I: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Ii is caused by a defect on chromosome 9q22 and involves a defect on the ALG2 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1J: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Ij is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q23.3 and involves a defect on the gene for UDP-GlcNAc:dolichyl-phosphate N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1K: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Ik is caused by a defect on chromosome 16p13.3 and involves a defect in the gene for beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase. The disorder is generally fatal within a year or two of birth.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1L: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Il is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q23 and involves a defect in the ALG9 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1M: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Im is caused by a defect on chromosome 9q34.11 and involves a defect in the TMEM15 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1X: Congenital disorder of glycosylation is a rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1X also involves thrombocytopenia with normal levels of phosphomannomutase and phosphomannose isomerase. This form of the condition is severe and results in death during infancy.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2A has a GlcNAc transferase 2 enzyme defect.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2B: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2B has glucosidase I enzyme defect.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2C: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2c is caused by a defect on chromosome 11p11.2 and involves a defect in the gene for GDP-fucose transporter.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2D: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2d is caused by a defect on chromosome 9p13 and involves a defect in the gene for beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2E: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 2e is caused by a defect on chromosome 16p and involves a defect in the gene for oligomeric complex-7.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2G: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IIg is caused by a defect on chromosome 17q25.1 and involves a defect on the COG1 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIH: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IIh is caused by a defect on chromosome 16q22.1 and involves a defect on the COG8 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type X - Bombay blood group phenotype: A rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormal neutrophil functioning which reduces the body's immunity. The abnormal neutrophils are unable to be transported to sites of infection due to their inability to adhere to certain blood vessel components which would normally lead them to the infection site. Infections may be life-threatening as the body is unable to destroy bacteria effectively. Type 2 LAD is where neutrophils can't adhere to necessary blood vessel components due to the absence of proteins on the blood vessel walls needed to bind and guide the neutrophils to the infection site.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type X - leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome type II phenotype: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type X has an unknown enzyme defect.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type In: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1n involves a defect in the RFT1 gene and is characterized mainly by enlarged liver, seizures, developmental delay, reduced muscle tone and abnormal blood coagulation.
• Congenital fiber type disproportion: A rare inherited disease involving abnormalities in the growth of type I muscle fibers.
• Congenital hepatic porphyria: A rare congenital disorder where there is an excess of porphyrin (pigments) in the body. The liver is responsible for making porpyrins.
• Congenital herpes simplex: An infant born with a herpes simplex infection transmitted through the mother. The infection may be localized or involve various internal organs and even the central nervous system in which case death can occur.
• Congenital hypomyelination neuropathy: A rare neurological disorder that is apparent at birth and is characterized by breathing difficulty and muscle problems.
• Congenital hypoparathyroidism, seizures, growth and mental retardation and unusual facies: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by growth and mental retardation, seizures, unusual facial appearance and congenital hypoparathyroidism.
• Congenital ichthyosis, microcephalus, quadriplegia: A rare birth disorder characterized by scaly skin, small head and paralysis of legs and arms.
• Congenital mitral malformation: Malformations of the mitral valve that are present at birth. The mitral valve allows blood to flow between the two chambers on the left side of the heart. Types of mitral malformation are atresia (absent mitral valve), stenosis (narrowed mitral valve) and parachute mitral valve.
• Congenital mitral stenosis: A heart malformation that is present at birth. The mitral valve is narrower than normal which affects blood flow between the upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart. It usually occurs in conjunction with other malformations
• Congenital muscular dystrophy syringomyelia: A very rare disorder characterized by muscle weakness and wasting from birth, a severely deformed spine and syringomyelia (cyst in the spinal cord).
• Congenital myasthenic syndrome with episodic apnea: A disorder characterized by muscular weakness.
• Congenital myasthenic syndromes: A group of genetic condition characterized by abnormal neuromuscular signals. Symptoms tend to become worse with exertion.
• Congenital myopathy: A very rare inherited disorder where muscles are overly-responsive to stimuli because of an abnormality in the muscle membranes. It causes prolonged muscle contraction which is muscle stiffness. The two main forms of myotonia congenital are Thomsen and Becker disease which are respectively inherited dominantly and recessively.
• Congenital short bowel: A rare birth defect where the bowel is abnormally short. A short bowel can impair the body's ability to absorb enough nutrients and hence result in malabsorption.
• Congenital spherocytic hemolytic anemia: A blood disorder present at birth where the membranes of red blood cells are defective which results in them being spherical rather than doughnut-shaped. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are broken down prematurely by the body which results in anemia. The condition may range from mild to severe.
• Congestive heart failure: A condition which is characterized by breathlessness due to oedema and congestion of the lungs
• Conn Syndrome-induced hypertension: Conn Syndrome-induced hypertension is high blood pressure associated with Conn Syndrome. It results from excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal glands. The high blood pressure often responds poorly to the usual medications. Death can result in severe cases.
• Conn's adenoma: An uncommon (but possible highly underdiagnosed) condition characterized by the excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal gland. The condition may result from the presence of an adrenal adenoma. The severity of the condition is variable with some patients simply suffering high blood pressure and no other symptoms. Due to the high degree of variation in presenting symptoms, the condition may be frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
• Conn's syndrome: An adrenal gland disorder where excess aldosterone hormone is produced resulting in symptoms such as headache, fatigue, nocturia and increased urine production. Also called primary hyperaldosteronism.
• Conn-Louis Carcinoma: An uncommon (but possible highly underdiagnosed) condition characterized by the excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal gland. The condition results from the presence of an adrenal carcinoma. The severity of the condition is variable with some patients simply suffering high blood pressure and no other symptoms. Due to the high degree of variation in presenting symptoms, the condition may be frequently underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
• Conor's disease: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Constrictive pericarditis: Inflammation, swelling and thickening of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) which causes it to tighten around the heart and affect its function. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Constrictive tuberculous pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that occurs as a complication of tuberculosis. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Conversion Disorder: A psychological condition where physical symptoms arise due to emotional dilemmas.
• Convulsions: A series of involuntary contractions of voluntary muscles.
• Convulsions, benign familial infantile, 1: An inherited form of seizures that occurs in infancy and early childhood. Symptoms only occur during the seizures. The seizures tend to occur in clusters.
• Coordination problems: Symptoms affecting physical coordination.
• Cope's syndrome: Cope's syndrome is a condition where the body is too alkaline and the blood contains too much calcium. It can be caused by drinking large quantities of milk or using too many alkaline antacid remedies. High vitamin D intake can make the condition worse. The people most at risk of this condition tend to be older people (especially women) who are taking calcium supplements as well as calcium carbonate containing remedies to treat dyspepsia. Severe cases can lead to impaired kidney function (Burnett's syndrome).
• Copper deficiency, familial benign: A rare inherited copper deficiency. Copper has many functions in the body including heart function, cholesterol metabolism, brain development, immune defenses, blood supply, glucose metabolism and normal bone development.
• Copper deficiency-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Copper deficiency-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused insufficient quantities of copper. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells due to the lack of copper. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Copperhead snake poisoning: The Copperhead snake is a poisonous snake found mainly in parts of North America. The toxicity of the poison varies among species but some species are extremely poisonous and readily result in death if the patient is not treated.
• Cor pulmonale: Right ventricular enlargement and failure caused by pulmonary hypertension.
• Coral snake poisoning: The Coral snake is a usually brightly colored, poisonous snake found mainly in America and Africa. The toxicity amongst species is variable. They are considered a shy snake and bites are usually the result of deliberate handling. Coral snakes have to bite for long enough to release the toxin through the fangs so envenomation tends to be rarer than for other snakes who can strike and envenomate rapidly. The snake venom contains toxins which mainly affect the nerve systems. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
• Cordyceps-induced lead poisoning: Cordyceps is a folk remedy by Chinese people to treat high blood pressure, bleeding problems and diabetes. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Corn Lily poisoning: Corn Lily is a poisonous plant native to the Sierra Nevada mountains. It's appearance is similar to the corn grown as a crop. The plant poison primarily affects the nervous system.
• Corneal cerebellar syndrome: A very rare syndrome involving eye problems and progressive motor control problems such as ataxia and weakness on one side of the body.
• Cornelia de Lange syndrome 1: A very rare disorder involving delayed physical development and various malformations involving the head, face and limbs. Type 1 is more severe than type 2 though the range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Coronaro-cardiac fistula: An abnormal opening between a heart artery and a heart chamber or great vessel. This rare defect is present at birth and often causes no problems or symptoms until adulthood. The severity of the condition is determined by the size and exact location of the defect.
• Coronavirus-related Cold: A Coronavirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Coronavirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition. Coronaviruses are a significant cause of common colds in adults.
• Corpus callosum agenesis - blepharophimosis - Robin sequence: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormal brain development, various facial anomalies, heart defects and other symptoms.
• Corpus callosum agenesis-neuropathy: A rare genetic disorder involving mental retardation, progressive neuropathy and absence of the fibers that connect the two halves of the brain together.
• Corpus callosum dysgenesis X-linked recessive: Partial or complete lack of development of the structure that divides two sides of the brain (corpus callosum). As the condition is X-linked, it only occurs in males.
• Corpus callosum, agenesis of, blepharophimosis Robin type: A very rare syndrome characterized by abnormal brain development, various facial anomalies, heart defects and other symptoms.
• Cortes-Lacassie syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by nail, hair and teeth abnormalities, malformed hands and feet and seizures. The disorder has only been reported in one cause which resulted in death at 31 months
• Cortical blindness - mental retardation - polydactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, extra fingers and vision loss.
• Corticobasal Degeneration: A rare progressive neurological disorder where parts of the brain deteriorate.
• Corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency: A genetic disorder causing a deficiency of corticosteroid-binding globulin which manifests as fatigue, muscle fatigue and blood pressure problems. Some patients are asymptomatic whereas others suffer muscle and generalized fatigue as well as blood pressure problems.
• Corticosteroid-induced hypertension: Corticosteroid-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by use of corticosteroids. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking corticosteroids. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of corticosteroid therapy.
• Coumachlor rodenticide poisoning: Coumachlor is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Coumafuryl rodenticide poisoning: Coumafuryl is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Coumatetralyl rodenticide poisoning: Coumatetralyl is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Coxsackievirus-related Cold: A Coxsackievirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Coxsackievirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Crack addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crack on a regular basis. Chronic crack use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Crack is a form of cocaine - powdered cocaine is heated with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate to make rocks of crack. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Crack withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when cocaine hydrochloride use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Cramp-fasciculations syndrome: A rare condition characterized by muscle pain, cramps, twitching, spasms and other abnormal sensations that occur mainly in the limbs.
• Cramps: Refers to abdominal cramps, muscle cramps, or menstrual cramps
• Crandall syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by twisted hair, hearing loss and sex hormone deficiency.
• Craniofrontonasal syndrome Teebi type: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by widely spaced eyes and other head and face abnormalities.
• Craniosynostosis: A defect involving the fusion of one or more bones in the skull before it has finished growing which affects the head size and shape and can affect the growth of the brain. The defect is often associated with other conditions. Symptoms are determined by which skull bones are prematurely fused.
• Craniosynostosis - alopecia - brain defect: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a malformed skull, lack of hair and a brain defect.
• Craniosynostosis Fontaine type: A very rare disorder characterized primarily by the premature fusion of skull bones, hand, foot and stomach anomalies and a brain malformation (bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia).
• Craniosynostosis mental retardation clefting syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by premature fusion of the skull bones (craniosynostosis), mental retardation a cleft lip and/or palate.
• Craniotelencephalic dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by premature fusion of various skull bones and abnormal brain development.
• Craniotubular syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by bone overgrowth and sclerosis or hardening which affects mainly the skull but other bones are often involved as well. Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia is a similar condition but involves less severe hyperostosis and sclerosis.
• Creatine deficiency, X-linked: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, seizures, short stature and facial anomalies. The disorder is caused by the absence of a compound needed to transport creatine and thus creatine levels may be normal or high, but the body is unable to utilize it.
• Cree leukoencephalopathy: A rare form of brain demyelination which usually starts between 3 and 9 months of age and death occurs by 21 months.
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: A very rare degenerative brain disease that can be inherited, transmitted (eg in surgical transplants using infected tissue) or as a result of genetic mutations. The condition is fatal.
• Cri-du-chat syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a small portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 is missing. The condition is characterized by a high-pitched cry which is similar to a cat's cry.
• Crisponi syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by excessive muscle contractions in response to stimulus, claw hand, distinctive facial features and fever. Most patients die within months of birth due to complications of hyperthermia but some cases are slowly progressive with longer survival possible.
• Crotalidae snake poisoning: Crotalids are snakes from the Crotalidae family. This group of snakes includes rattlesnakes which are usually found in America. These snakes are easily identified by the "rattle" at the tip of their tails. The toxicity of the venom can vary among species but some can result in death if prompt treatment is not given.
• Crush injury: An injury caused by a crushing mechanism
• Cryptosporiosis: Contagious parasitic digestive infection
• Crystal meth addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crystal meth on a regular basis. Crystal meth is a powerful stimulant used illegally for its effects. It is highly addictive and known by street names such as ice, speed, glass, crank and chalk. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Cushing syndrome, familial: A hormonal disorder caused by high levels of the cortisol hormone due to the abnormal development of the adrenal gland.
• Cushing's syndrome-induced hypertension: Cushing's syndrome-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by a condition caused Cushing's syndrome where the adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of cortisol.
• Cushing-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of Cushing's disease
• Cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis: Inflammation and damage of the blood vessel walls that also affects the skin. The condition may occur on its own or as a result of an underlying condition.
• Cutis verticis gyrata mental deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures and eye and movement problems.
• Cutler Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by multisystem disorders including muscle wasting, ataxia, epilepsy, anemia and kidney disease. The kidney disease is most likely present at birth.
• Cutler-Bass-Romshe syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by kidney, neurological and thyroid problems.
• Cycad nut poisoning: The cycad nut contains a toxic chemical called cyasin which can be leeched out by soaking in water. The nuts are often used as a food source but it is important to leech out the toxic chemicals first. Eating nuts that still contain the toxin can cause serious symptoms. Cycad nuts may also increase the risk of developing liver cancer.
• Cycad poisoning: Cycads are a green plant which has a thick trunk from the top of which sprouts palm-like leaves. Eating the seeds, leaves or unprocessed flour made from the trunk of the plant can cause various symptoms if large quantities are eaten. The harmful compounds in the plant are glycosides and BMAA
• Cyclic neutropenia: A rare blood disorder characterized by recurrent periods of extremely low blood levels of neutrophils which results in frequent infections. The low level usually occurs for about 7 days every 21 days. Levels of other blood components may also be affected.
• Cycloserine-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Cycloserine -induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called Cycloserine. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Cyclospora cayetanenis food poisoning: Cyclospora cayetanenis is a parasite that can cause food poisoning. Contamination through consuming food and water contaminated through contact with infected feces. Diarrhea is usually the main symptom. The severity of symptoms often depends on the age and underlying health of the patient - the very young and old tend to be more severely affected.
• Cyclosporiasis: A parasitic disease caused by Cyclospora cayetensis which is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected fecal matter. Some cases are asymptomatic while others can be quite severe and untreated cases can suffer relapses.
• Cyclosporine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Cyclosporine-induced hypertension: Cyclosporine-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking cyclosporine. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of cyclosporine use.
• Cyclosporiosis: A parasitic disease caused by Cyclospora cayetensis which is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected fecal matter. Some cases are asymptomatic while others can be quite severe and untreated cases can suffer relapses.
• Cyprus facial neuromusculoskeletal syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by variable neurological, muscular and skeletal abnormalities as well as a characteristic face.
• Cysticercosis: An infectious disease caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. If the larvae are ingested then a mild or asymptomatic tapeworm infection occurs. However, ingested eggs pass into the bloodstream where they can then enter various tissues and form the cysts that characterize cysticercosis.
• Cystinuria - lysinuria: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by the excessive excretion of certain amino acids (lysine and cystine) in the urine. Neurological symptoms are common.
• Cytochrome C Oxidase Deficiency: Cytochrome C oxidase deficiency is a rare inherited condition involving insufficient quantities of the cytochromc C oxidase enzyme. This enzyme plays a role in the functioning of the energy producing part of body cells (mitochondria) and its deficiency impairs the energy-producing functions of the cells. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerably depending on which particular cells in the body are affected and the degree of the enzyme deficiency. In some cases only skeletal muscles are affected whereas in other cases organs such as the heart and brain are involved. In other cases, the whole body may be involved.
• Cytochrome c oxydase deficiency, French-Canadian type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Cytomegalic Inclusion Body Disease: An infection due to cytomegalovirus and marked by nuclear inclusion bodies in enlarged infected cells
• Cytomegalovirus: A easily transmissible viral infection that is common but generally causes no symptoms except in infants and people with weakened immune systems.
• Cytoplasmic body myopathy: A rare group of muscle diseases caused by protein deposits inside the muscle cells. The severity, rate of progression and extent of muscle involvement is variable.
• Cytosine arabinose syndrome: Symptoms following the use of a chemotherapy drug called cytosine arabinose.
• DEND syndrome: An inherited disorder characterized by developmental delay, epilepsy and diabetes.
• DIDMOAD Syndrome, Mitochondrial form: A rare association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness which results in mitochondrial defects.
• DOC 12 (Neutral Lipid Storage Type): A rare inherited disorder involving the metabolism of fat which causes skin, muscle and blood abnormalities. The body is unable to metabolize (break down) triglycerides so they build up in various tissues throughout the body. The severity of the symptoms is variable as the body tissues and organs affected varies amongst patients.
• Da Costa syndrome: Cardiovascular symptoms caused by physical or emotional stress but may also be caused by conditions such as mitral valve prolapse and autonomic hyperactivity. The syndrome is often seen in soldiers during times of stress or in young adults who suffer emotional stress.
• Dana syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the gradual degeneration of the white matter of the spinal cord and pernicious anemia. Various neurological symptoms can result.
• Dandy Walker syndrome recessive form: A rare recessively inherited brain malformation where a cyst develops in the brain which can interfere with the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and lead to hydrocephalus. The severity of the condition is variable and symptoms tend to only occur if the fluid builds up inside the skull.
• Dandy-Walker - facial hemangioma: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a brain malformation (Dandy-Walker) and a hemangioma on the face (mass of dilated blood vessels).
• Dandy-Walker Syndrome: A congenital brain malformation characterized by increased fluid in the brain.
• Dandy-Walker malformation with mental retardation, basal ganglia disease, and seizures: A rare X-linked syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and seizures.
• Dandy-Walker malformation with mental retardation, macrocephaly, myopia, and brachytelephalangy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, large head, short fingers, nearsightedness and brain abnormalities (Dandy-Walker type).
• Darvocet withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Darcovet use is discontinued or reduced. Darcovet is a pain-killer. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Davis-Lafer syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and unusual facial features.
• Daytime drowsiness: The experience of drowsiness felt by a person in the daytime
• Daytime tiredness: The experience of tiredness felt by a person in the daytime
• De Barsy Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by loose, inelastic skin, involuntary limb movements, cloudy corneas and other abnormalities.
• De Grouchy Syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• De Hauwere Leroy Adriaenssens syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by widely spaced eyes, deafness and an abnormality of the iris of the eye.
• De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by sunlight sensitivity, skin atrophy and pigmentation and skin tumors as well asneurologic involvement.
• Deadly nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) poisoning: The deadly nightshade is a woody vine and is considered quite toxic. It is found in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. There are a number of species of nightshade with variable toxicity. The Solanum dulcamara is considered less toxic with about 200 berries needed to cause death.
• Deafness - lymphoedema - leukemia: A rare syndrome characterized by deafness, early-onset leukemia and lymphoedema in the lower legs.
• Deafness - skeletal dysplasia - lip granuloma: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, skeletal abnormalities, mental retardation and full lips.
• Deafness peripheral - neuropathy - arterial disease: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by artery disease, deafness and peripheral neuropathy.
• Deafness, vitiligo, achalasia: A rare disorder characterized by deafness, achalasia (difficulty swallowing) and patches of reduced pigmentation in the skin (vitiligo).
• Deal-Barratt-Dillon syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scaly skin, jaundice, diarrhea and Fanconi syndrome (bone marrow fails to make sufficient new blood cells).
• Death Camas poisoning: The Death Camas is a plant from the lily family. It contains a toxic chemical called zygacine. Young plants tend to be more toxic than older plants. It is most often found in dry areas of Western US. The bulb is often confused with edible wild onions - eating one or two bulbs can cause symptoms and all parts of the plant are poisonous.
• Decerebrate rigidity: is a condition of increased muscle tone and stretch reflexes, particularly in extensor muscles
• Decompression sickness: Condition from overly rapid decompression, especially when diving.
• Defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the impaired ability to make a chemical called adenosylcobalamin. Adenosylcobalamin is a derivative of vitamin B12. The defect results a biochemical abnormality which affects the body's normal biochemical functioning.
• Defective expression of HLA class 1: A genetic defect involving a deficiency of major histocompatibility complex class I which manifests as poor immunity. This deficiency tends to result in chronic respiratory tract infections and chronic lung disease. A deficiency of class II tends to cause severe combined immunodeficiency which manifests as systemic infections that do not appear in Class I deficiency.
• Defective expression of HLA class 2: An inherited immunodeficiency disorder which reduces the body's ability to fight infection. Lack of treatment can result in infant death from infection.
• Deficiency of Member 8 Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenace Family: An extremely rare metabolic disorder where the body is unable to metabolize certain proteins properly. More specifically, an insufficient level of the enzyme (isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to metabolize the amino acid valine. The onset and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Degenerative motor system disease: Any of a number of condition characterized by destruction of nerves that carry signals to muscles (motor neurons) and results in various muscle problems. The nerve destruction is often progressive leading to increasingly severe muscle problems.
• Dehydratase deficiency: A very rare condition involving a deficiency of the enzyme called dehydratase. It is usually asymptomatic and often associated with high blood phenylalanine levels.
• Dehydration: Loss and reduction in body water levels
• Del (1) (pter-p36.3) mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end portion of the short arm of chromosome one is missing in some body cells. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (pter-p36.2): A very rare chromosomal disorder where the end portion of the short arm of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Del(1) (q32-q41): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q32-q41) of chromosome one is missing.
• Del(1) (q42-qter): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q42-qter) of chromosome one is missing. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Delayed Viral Syndromes: Syndromes caused by viral infections that are delayed in there appearance
• Delayed sleep-phase syndrome: Delayed sleep phase syndrome is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, a chronic disorder of the timing of sleep, peak period of alertness, core body temperature, hormonal and other daily rhythms relative to societal norms.
• Deletion 10pter: A very rare syndrome caused by a chromosomal defect (10p terminal deletion) and can result in a variety of malformations that are similar to DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome.
• Deletion 10q: A rare disorder caused by the deletion of a portion of chromosome 10q. The range and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the portion that is deleted.
• Deletion 13q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Deletion 18q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 20p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 22q11: A rare chromosomal disorder where a small piece of genetic material is missing from chromosome 22 at the q11 location.
• Deletion 22q13: A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 22 is missing at the q13 location which results in various abnormalities.
• Deletion 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Deletion 2q24: A genetic disorder characterized by the deletion of a portion of the long arm of chromosome 2.
• Deletion 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 3 is absent and is characterized by mental and growth deficiency, drooping upper eyelid and extra digits.
• Deletion 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Deletion 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the genetic material from the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities. The resulting condition is often called Cri-du-Chat Syndrome and features may vary somewhat depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Deletion 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Deletion 6q16 q21: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized primarily by facial anomalies, mental retardation and a short head.
• Delleman-Oorthuys syndrome: A rare birth disorder characterized by eye cavity cysts, brain anomalies, facial skin tags and various other skin lesions.
• Delphinium poisoning: Delphinium is a member of the Buttercup family and contains toxic alkaloids. It's seeds are very toxic but other parts of the plant are also poisonous. As the plant ages, it becomes less poisonous. Toxicity varies amongst species.
• Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase deficiency: A rare metabolic abnormality involving a deficiency of a particular enzyme (Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase) which affects amino acid metabolism and causes mental retardation and convulsions.
• Delta-sarcoglycanopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive wasting and weakness of muscles in the shoulder and pelvis.
• Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Second most frequent cause of dementia in elderly adults.
• Dementia, familial British: A rare, early-onset inherited form of dementia caused by deposits of amyoid substances (amyloid) and degenerative nerve changes in the brain.
• Demerol withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Demerol use is discontinued or reduced. Demerol is a pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Demyelinating disorder: Any condition that is characterised by the destruction of the myelin sheaths of the nerves
• Dengue fever: An acute viral disease characterized by fever, rash and myalgia and caused by a flavivirus which is transmitted by mosquitoes.
• Dennis cohen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by unusual facial appearance, mental retardation, short stature and sparse hair.
• Dentatorubral Pallidoluysian Atrophy: A condition caused by an abnormality of the DNA sequence on chromosome 12
• Deposition diseases related fibromyalgia: Deposition diseases related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with deposition diseases. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues. Deposition diseases involve the abnormal deposit of material in parts of the body such as the joints e.g. gout.
• Depressive disorders: Depression or its various related conditions.
• Depressive episode: Mood disorder where depression is not associated with a manic episode
• Depressive symptoms: Inappropriate depressed mood.
• Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
• Dermatostomatitis, Stevens Johnson type: A rare but serious condition involving inflammation and blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. It is believed to be an allergic reaction that can occur in response to some drugs or infectious diseases.
• Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy of François: A rare condition characterized by osteochonral deformity (abnormal bone and cartilage development) of the hands and feet, dystrophy of the corneas and skin nodules on certain parts of the body.
• Deshi Dewa-induced lead poisoning: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Indian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Desmin related myopathy: A very rare neuromuscular disorder involving the buildup of a certain protein called desmin in various muscles. The severity and rate of progression of the disorder is variable.
• Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions: A group of muscle disorder characterized by the build up of a protein called desmin in the muscle tissue. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy: A rare type of brain tumor that occurs in infants. The tumor consists of cancerous astrocytes.
• Desmoplastic infantile ganglioma: A rare type of brain tumor that occurs in infants. The tumor may be slow-growing and benign or fast-growing and malignant.
• Detergent worker's disease: Inhalation of detergent in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Developmental delay - epilepsy - neonatal diabetes: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by developmental delay, epilepsy and early-onset diabetes.
• Developmental delay - hypotonia extremities hypertrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by poor muscle tone, developmental delay.
• Developmental delay due to 2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A very rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency prevents the break down of certain proteins into energy and results in a harmful accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues. More specifically, there is a deficiency of an enzyme (2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to convert the amino acid isoleucine into energy. 2-methylbutyrylglycine levels build up in the body and may cause damage. Symptoms vary according to the degree of enzyme deficiency - can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening.
• Developmental malformations - deafness - dystonia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, movement disorder and malformations that occur during fetal development.
• Devriendt syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by Robin sequence, short stature and seizures.
• Dexedrine overdose: Dexedrine is a prescription drug mainly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Dexedrine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Dexedrine use is discontinued or reduced. Dexedrine is an amphetamine. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Di Mauro-Hartlage syndrome: A rare inherited glycogen storage disorder involving a total absence of muscle phosphorylase needed to convert glycogen to glucose in the muscles. It is a rare, atypical variant of McArdle disease which causes death within months of birth.
• DiGeorge syndrome: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder which can result in a vast array of symptoms. Various names have been used to describe different manifestations of the syndrome. Di George Syndrome primarily involves an underdeveloped thymus and parathyroid glands which results in lowered immunity low blood calcium levels respectively. Another primary feature is heart defects. Various other variable features are also present. It is not uncommon for patients to have more than one of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome subtypes which can make diagnosis confusing - other subtypes include Sphrintzen syndrome, Caylor cardiofacial syndrome and CATCH 22.
• Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic: A disturbed water balance due to a deficiency of vasopressin (antidiuretic) hormone which causes excessive thirst and urination. Causes include autoimmune disease, malignancy, trauma, infection and blood vessel disease.
• Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy: A rare association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness.
• Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, mitochondrial form: A rare association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness which results in mitochondrial defects.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic type 2: A rare congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. Type II is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, dominant type: A rare dominantly inherited, congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, recessive type: A rare recessively inherited, congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of diabetes
• Diabetic hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar attack from insulin or diabetes medications
• Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome: A progressive brain disease that occurs in some patients who undergo chronic hemodialysis. Aluminium intoxication is believed to play a role in the disease.
• Diaphanospondylodysostosis: A rare disorder characterized by bone formation anomalies including a lack of bone formation in the spine during the fetal stage as well as kidney problems.
• Diaphragmatic paralysis: Diaphragmatic paralysis occurs when the muscles associated with breathing become do weak to function properly. Breathing becomes difficulty and severe cases can result in death if breathing assistance is not delivered. The condition can result from such things as motor neuron disease, trauma and myopathy.
• Diarrhea: Loose, soft, or watery stool.
• Diarrhea chronic with villous atrophy: A very rare metabolic disorder which causes abnormalities in the intestinal lining which results in chronic diarrhea. The reported patients died at 12 years of age and suffered a variety of other problems.
• Dientamoeba fragilis: Parasite usually causing digestive symptoms
• Difenacoum rodenticide poisoning: Difenacoum is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Difethialone rodenticide poisoning: Difethialone is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by abnormal proliferation of B-lymphocytes. It is a cancer of the B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which, if untreated, can spread to other parts of the body such as the bones and the liver. It differs from follicular lymphoma in that it is a high-grade lymphoma that usually develops rapidly. Follicular lymphoma often transforms into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• Digitorenocerebral syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by numerous abnormalities involving the brain, kidneys, fingers, toes, nails and face as well as mental retardation and vision impairment.
• Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency: A metabolic error where a deficiency of an enzyme called dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase prevents the normal metabolism of certain proteins. High levels of certain proteins are excreted in the urine. The enzyme is also needed the breakdown a chemotherapy drug called 5-flurouracil and its absence can result in a severe toxicity reaction.
• Dilated cardiomyopathy: A rare chronic heart muscle condition where one or both heart ventricles are dilated or have impaired contractility.
• Dilaudid overdose: Dilaudid is a prescription drug used mainly to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Dilaudid withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Dilaudid use is discontinued or reduced. Dilaudid is a pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Dilutional hyponatremia: Low sodium levels due to excessive fluids.
• Dimorphic anemia: Dimorphic refers to anemia that has two different causes acting together e.g. iron deficiency as well as a Vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Dinno-Shearer-Weisskopf syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by long limbs, tall stature, large head, ataxia and facial anomalies.
• Dionisi-Vici-Sabetta-Gambarara syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain abnormality, cataract and immunodeficiency.
• Diphacinone rodenticide poisoning: Diphacinone is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Diphtheria: Infectious bacterial respiratory disease
• Disequilibrium syndrome: A complication that can occur during or after dialysis and probably caused by abnormal water balance within the brain. Swelling of the brain causes a range of neurological symptoms.
• Disorder of Cornification 12 (Neutral Lipid Storage Type): A rare inherited disorder involving the metabolism of fat which causes skin, muscle and blood abnormalities. The body is unable to metabolize (break down) triglycerides so they build up in various tissues throughout the body. The severity of the symptoms is variable as the body tissues and organs affected varies amongst patients.
• Disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex: Mycobacterium avium complex is an opportunistic bacterium which tends to occur mainly in patients with advanced AIDS. The infection can spread throughout the body and result in such things as blood infections.
• Distal arthrogryposis syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital contractures and other physical defects.
• Distal hereditary motor neuropathy, type V: An inherited condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness in the hands and feet due to nerve cell damage in the spinal cord.
• Distal myopathy, Welander type: A very slowly progressing muscle fiber degeneration that starts as mild weakness in the small muscles of hands and feet and may eventually spread to neighboring muscles.
• Distinctive Craniofacial Features - Pterygia - Mental Retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Disulfiram toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Diverticular Disease: Protrusions of the colon wall (diverticulosis) or their inflammation (diverticulitis)
• Dobriner syndrome: An inherited metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of coproporphyrinogen oxidase. The condition is similar to but milder than intermittent porphyria and sometimes includes photosensitivity.
• Donepezil toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency: A very rare disorder involving a deficiency of dopamine beta-hydroxylase which affects production of noradrenaline and adrenaline and results in symptoms such as low blood pressure on standing, droopy eyelids and stuffy nose.
• Double outlet right ventricle: A very rare birth defect where the aorta and the pulmonary artery both exit from the right ventricle and thus blood is unable to be pumped to the lungs. However, a hole connects the two ventricles and ultimately allows some blood flow to the lungs. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the location of the connecting hole in the heart and the exact location of the two arteries with respect to the heart.
• Down Syndrome: A chromosome syndrome causing physical effects and mental retardation.
• Down's syndrome associated Celiac Disease: Patients with Down's syndrome have a high degree of susceptibility to developing celiac disease. Up to 17% of Down's syndrome sufferers develop celiac disease but this rate varies amongst age groups and country of origin. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Doxepine-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Doxepine -induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Methyldopa triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy: Heart disease caused by the use of a cancer drug called Doxorubicin.
• Dravet syndrome: A rare, severe form of generalized infant epilepsy that starts after a fever. Initial infant development is normal but once the seizures start, psychomotor development slows and mental decline occurs. The seizures usually occur every month or two to start with.
• Dreyfus syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by flattened vertebrae, kyphoscoliosis, spinal ankylosis, short neck, dwarfism and other abnormalities.
• Drowsiness: Excessive tiredness or sleepiness
• Drug Allergies: Allergies to medications or other drugs.
• Drug-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where a medication triggers the body's immune system to destroy its own red blood cells which results in anemia. Certain drugs are more likely to trigger this abnormal immune response than others e.g. cephalosphorins and Quinidine.
• Drug-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Drug-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by drugs such as cycloserine, isoniazid and ethanol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Drug-induced hypertension: Drug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking certain drugs or medications e.g. corticosteroids, cyclosporine, amphetamines, alcohol and estrogens.
• Drug-related insomnia: Drug related insomnia is sleeplessness that is attributable to the excessive usage of medications.
• Duane anomaly - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and eye movement problems (Duane anomaly).
• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An inherited degenerative disease of the muscles which progresses rapidly compared to other muscle wasting diseases.
• Duodenal ulcer: A peptic ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). The word "peptic" refers to pepsin, a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins. If a peptic ulcer is located in the stomach it is called a gastric ulcer.
• Dup (1) (q32-qter) and del (7)(q32-qter): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q32-qter) of chromosome one is duplicated and the long arm of chromosome 7 (q32) is deleted. There have only been a couple of reported cases and symptoms may vary somewhat between patients.
• Dup(1) (p34.1-p31): A very rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p34.1-p31) of chromosome one is duplicated.
• Dup(1) (q24-q41): A very rare chromosomal disorder (two reported cases) where a portion of the long arm (q24-q41) of chromosome one is duplicated. The type and severity of symptoms may vary - one patient died soon after birth whereas the other survived with severe problems.
• Duplication 10p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 10q partial: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by the duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 - the genetic material occurs three times in body cells instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms may vary considerably depending on the exact location and size of the duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 12p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material deleted.
• Duplication 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Duplication 13: A rare and very severe chromosome disorder leading to mental retardation and physical defects. It is so severe that many babies die soon after birth. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Duplication 2p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Duplication 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 5q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 7p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Dykes-Markes-Harper syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by dry, scaly skin, enlarged liver and spleen and a incoordination.
• Dysbarism: A reaction caused by exposure to a sudden change in environmental pressure.
• Dysequilibrium syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and nonprogressive incoordination.
• Dysharmonic skeletal maturation - muscular fiber disproportion: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal bone development and muscle problems.
• Dyskeratosis congenita of Zinsser-Cole-Engman: An inherited condition characterized by recurring painful mouth ulcers, skin pigmentation and nail abnormalities.
• Dysmenorrhea: Excessive menstrual-like cramping pain
• Dysmorphism - abnormal vocalization - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, facial abnormalities and an abnormal voice.
• Dysmorphism - cleft palate - loose skin: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by facial abnormalities, an opening in the roof of the mouth and loose skin.
• Dysomnia: Dysomnia is a general term for sleep disorder. It is a primary sleep disorder in which the patient suffers from changes in the quantity, quality, or timing of sleep.
• Dysthymia: Chronic depression usually associated with elderly people suffering stress from a variety of causes.
• Dystonia: A neurological disorder involving involuntary sustained muscle contractions.
• Dystonia 12: A very rare syndrome involving the early start of symptoms of dystonia and parkinsonism. The onset of the symptoms usually occurs suddenly over weeks or even hours and then progresses slowly.
• Dystonia 3, torsion, X-linked: A rare genetic movement disorder. The muscles contract involuntarily causing involuntary movements. Type 3 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome Xq13.
• Dystonia 4, Torsion, Autosomal Dominant: An inherited movement disorder where the muscles contract and contort uncontrollably due to neurological dysfunction. Usually speech is affected first.
• Dystonia 6, torsion: A rare inherited movement disorder where the patient suffers involuntary muscle contractions and distortion of body position. Symptoms usually start in one limb and then spread to other limbs.
• Dystonia musculorum deformans type 1: A rare movement disorder where the patient suffers involuntary muscle contractions and distortion of body position. The trunk, neck and limbs are usually involved first.
• Dystonia musculorum deformans type 2: A rare recessively inherited movement disorder where the patient suffers involuntary muscle contractions and distortion of body position. The hands and feet are usually involved first.
• Dystrophia myotonica 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by myotonia, muscle atrophy, cataracts and hypogonadism.
• East African Trypanosomiasis: East African sleeping sickness from the tsetse fly
• Eastern equine encephalitis: Is a mosquito born virus that occurs in the eastern united states and causes disease in humans, horses and some birds
• Ebola: Dangerous virus mostly found in Africa.
• Ebstein's anomaly: A heart defect where the tricuspid valve is malformed
• Echovirus-related Cold: An Echovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Echovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Eclampsia: serious complication of pregnancy and is characterised by high blood pressure and convulsions
• Ecstasy abuse: Use of the illicit drug called ecstasy
• Ecstasy addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use ecstasy on a regular basis. Chronic ecstasy use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Ecstasy is a synthetic psychoactive drug often used as a recreational drug. Street names for the drug includes: XTC, Adam, Clarity, Lover's Speed, Hug, Beans and Love Drug. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Ecstasy overdose: Ectsasy is an illegal and highly addictive recreational drug. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Edinburgh malformation syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mental and physical retardation, infant death and various other abnormalities.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by lax joints, scoliosis and fragile sclera of the eye - Ehlers Danlos type with predominant ocular abnormalities.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with periventricular heterotopia: The association of a brain malformation (periventricular nodular heterotopia) with a connective tissue disorder called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 6B: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by lax joints, scoliosis and fragile sclera of the eye - Ehlers Danlos type with predominant ocular abnormalities but lysyl-hydroxylase activity is normal1.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, X-linked: A rare developmental brain abnormality. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome Xq28.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, arthrochalasic type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hyperextensible and fragile skin and hypermobile joints which leads to dislocations, osteoarthritis and fractures - previously known as EDS types 7A and 7B.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classic type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, joint dislocations and skin hyperextensibility and fragility - a combination of ED types I and II.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliosis type: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder caused by deficiency of the lysyl hydroxylase enzyme and is characterized by progressive scoliosis and muscle weakness and fragile sclera - previously known as EDS type 6.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, progeroid form: A connective tissue disorder caused by an enzyme (xylosylprotein 4-beta-galactosyl transferase) deficiency.
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, tenascin-X deficiency: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder characterized by hypermobile joints, joint dislocations and skin hyperextensibility and fragility.
• Ehrlichiosis: Bacterial tick-borne disease
• Eijkman's syndrome: A group of nervous symptoms that is associated with vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. The deficiency leads to a condition called Beri-Beri. Severe cases result in progressive paralysis leading to convulsions and death as the nerves become increasingly inflamed and wasted.
• Elapid poisoning: Sea snakes, Kraits and cobras are from the Elapid group of snakes. The toxicity of the venom varies depending on the species. The venom is usually toxic to the nerves or heart. Early symptoms such as drowsiness can occur within 30 minutes with more severe symptoms developing over the next few hours. Severe envenomation can result in death within hours.
• Electrical burns: Burns caused when an electric current pass through the body or part of it. The symptoms and severity of the burn depends on the strength of the electrical current, the duration of the exposure and the part of the body involved. Prompt treatment in more severe cases can improve the prognosis.
• Electrocution: Any injury caused by electricity
• Electrolyte abnormality: An imbalance in the level of any of a number of chemicals (electrolytes) in the blood stream e.g. chloride, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate. Symptoms can vary depending on which electrolyte is involved and the severity of the imbalance - severe cases can readily lead to death. An electrolyte abnormality can be caused by such things excessive loss of body fluid through vomiting or diarrhea, kidney conditions, malabsorption and various drugs such as diuretics and chemotherapy drugs.
• Electron Transfer Flavoprotein, deficiency of: A metabolic disorder involving an enzyme deficiency - electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxydoreductase. The severity of symptoms depends on the level of deficiency. The infant onset form is the most severe.
• Emanuel syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is translocated with a portion of chromosome 22. The disorder involves a wide range of abnormalities such as kidney, genital and heart abnormalities, mental retardation, small head and failure to thrive.
• Emerinopathy: A rare, progressive muscle disease that starts during childhood and involves muscle weakness and wasting.
• Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, X-linked: A muscle wasting disorder mainly involving the muscles in the arms, legs, face, neck, spine and heart. Symptoms generally only occur in males but female carriers may have some symptoms.
• Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, dominant type: A rare disorder characterized by slowly-progressing weakness and wasting of skeletal and heart muscles. The dominant form of the disease is associated with greater variability of symptoms.
• Emery-Nelson syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a flat face and hand and foot abnormalities.
• Emotional symptoms: Symptoms affecting the emotions.
• Encephalitis: Infection of the brain (as a symptom)
• Encephalitis lethargica: A rare brain disease characterized by fever, headache, lethargy and reduced physical and mental responses. The disease occurred as an epidemic in the 1920's but now occurs sporadically - the exact cause is still not known.
• Encephalitis, California serogroup viral: A mosquito borne viral illness
• Encephalo cranio cutaneous lipomatosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by craniofacial lipomas, cerebral atrophy and patches of alopecia.
• Encephalocele anterior: Protrusion of a portion of the brain tissue through a skull defect in the anterior portion of the skull. The severity of symptoms depends on the exact location and size of the deformity.
• Encephalocele frontal: Protrusion of a portion of the frontal brain tissue through a skull defect. The severity of symptoms depends on the exact location and size of the deformity.
• Encephaloceles: Improper protrusions of parts of the meninges and brain.
• Encephalopathy - intracranial calcification - growth hormone deficiency - microcephaly - retinal degeneration: A rare condition characterized mainly by brain disease, poor growth due to a deficiency of growth hormone, a small head and vision impairment.
• Encephalopathy due to GLUT1 deficiency: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where a genetic mutation results in the deficiency of an enzyme called glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is required to metabolise certain amino acids (lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan). Problems occur when these metabolites build up in the body and cause neurological problems. Symptoms often develop following an acute infection or fasting. The severity of the condition is highly variable from development of neurological symptoms during infancy to asymptomatic adults. The degree of enzyme deficiency will usually determine the severity.
• Encephalopathy due to sulphite oxidase deficiency: An inborn error of metabolism where an enzyme (sulphite oxidase) deficiency results in encephalopathy. Symptoms usually start at birth.
• Encephalopathy progressive - optic atrophy: A rare birth disorder characterized by progressive brain disease, facial anomalies and eye problems.
• Encephalophathy recurrent of childhood: A recurring form of brain disease that has been noted to occur within families. The condition appears to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in these families. Symptoms tend to have a recurring nature and can last for periods of days to weeks. The condition is believed to be an inherited predisposition with underlying immunological or metabolic problems which trigger the condition.
• End Stage Liver Failure: Late stage of liver failure characterised by the onset of mental and neurological symptoms, due to build up of toxic metabolites.
• Endogenous insomnia: Insomnia that is often caused by a discomfort within the body ranging from indigestion to pain.
• Endometrial stromal sarcoma: A rare type of cancer that develops from the endometrial layer of the uterus. The cancer may be slow-growing or aggressive and may metastasize.
• Endomyocardial fibroelastosis: A rare heart malformation involving an abnormal thickening of the part of the heart muscle called the endocardium which affects the heart's function. Death is common in infancy and during early childhood.
• English Ivy poisoning: English Ivy is a poisonous vine fund in Europe, US and Canada. The leaves and berries are the most toxic part of the plant but all parts of the plant are toxic. Falcarinol and polyacetylene are the toxic chemicals found in the plant.
• Enolase deficiency: Enolase deficiency is a very rare enzyme defect. Enolase is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism in muscle tissue. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• Enolase deficiency type 3: A rare disorder involving a deficiency of beta-enolase enzyme which caused muscle pain and exercise intolerance. Beta-enolase is a muscle specific enzyme.
• Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Infection: An Escherichia Coli infection that occurs in the bowel causing an enterohemorrhagic condition
• Enteropathy type T-cell lymphoma: A rare subtype of gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Uncontrolled celiac disease appears to be a risk factor for developing this type of lymphoma.
• Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: Bacterial infection of the digestive system
• Enterovirus-related Cold: Enterovirus-related cold is a relatively minor contagious infection of the nose and throat caused by the Enterovirus. Although colds can cause discomfort they are not considered a serious condition.
• Enteroviruses: Viruses affecting the digestive tract.
• Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: A life-threatening condition caused by ingesting tryptophan.
• Ependymoma: A tumor that occurs in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Symptoms vary according to the aggressiveness, size and exact location of the tumor.
• Epidemic typhus: An infectious disease caused by Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by body lice. The severity of the illness may range from moderate to fatal.
• Epidermal nevus - vitamin D resistant rickets: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by the presence of birth marks on the skin, bone abnormalities and mental retardation.
• Epidermoid carcinoma: A non-small-cell type of lung cancer. The cancer develops from cells that line the inside of the lungs.
• Epidermolysis bullosa: A group of rare inherited skin diseases characterized by fragile skin which forms blisters with even minor injuries. The blisters can be painful and can occur anywhere on the skin and even inside the digestive tract.
• Epilepsy: Paroxysmal transient disturbances of brain function that may manifest as loss of consciousness, abnormal motor phenomena
• Epilepsy - microcephaly - skeletal dysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized by epilepsy, a small head and skeletal abnormalities.
• Epilepsy - telangiectasia: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of epilepsy with telangiectasias on the conjunctiva of the eyelids.
• Epilepsy benign neonatal dominant form: A recessively inherited form if seizures that starts during early infancy.
• Epilepsy benign neonatal recessive form: A recessively inherited form if seizures that starts during early infancy.
• Epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic crisis: A form of childhood epilepsy which is associated with a sudden loss of muscle tone which often results in the sufferer falling over and possibly injuring themselves.
• Epilepsy, Pyridoxine-Dependent: A form of epilepsy which responds to pyridoxine hydrochloride administration and not to standard anticonvulsant medication.
• Epilepsy, X-linked - learning disabilities - behavior disorders: An inherited syndrome characterized by epilepsy, behavioral disorders and learning disability. Patients may suffer various combinations of the disorder. The onset of seizures can vary from childhood to adulthood.
• Epilepsy, familial mesial temporal lobe: A dominantly inherited form of epilepsy.
• Epilepsy, familial temporal lobe, 4: A rare inherited epilepsy disorder which also involves migraines and visual aura.
• Epilepsy, partial, familial: A form of epilepsy that tends to run in families and is linked to damage or abnormalities in a specific part of the brain. Often sensory disturbances accompany or precede the seizures.
• Epilepsy, pyridoxin-dependent: A form of epilepsy which responds to pyridoxine hydrochloride administration and not to standard anticonvulsant medication.
• Epileptic encephalopathy, Lennox-Gastaut type: A rare genetic disorder characterized by mental retardation and physical anomalies. The brain condition is progressive and results in loss of previously acquired skills.
• Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 1: A genetic form of epilepsy which is severe and starts during infancy. This form of the condition is caused by a defect on the ARX gene.
• Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 2: A genetic form of epilepsy which is severe and starts during infancy. The condition is considered an atypical form of Rett syndrome due to the development of stereotypical hand movements and repetitive behaviors. This form of the condition is caused by a defect on the CDKL5 gene.
• Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 3: A genetic form of epilepsy which is severe and starts during infancy. This form of the condition is caused by a defect on the SLC25A22 gene on chromosome 11p15.5.
• Epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 4: A genetic form of epilepsy which is severe and starts during infancy. This form of the condition is caused by a defect on the STXBP1 gene.
• Epimetaphyseal skeletal dysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal bone development.
• Epiphyseal dysplasia - hearing loss - dysmorphism: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hearing loss, unusual face and bone development abnormalities.
• Epiphyseal dysplasia dysmorphism camptodactyly: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hearing loss, unusual face and bone development abnormalities.
• Episodic ataxia, type 5: A rare genetic disorder characterized by episodes of incoordination, unsteadiness and seizures. Stress and exertion may trigger the episodes. Type 5 is caused by a defect on chromosome 2q22-q23.
• Episodic ataxia, type 6: A rare genetic disorder characterized by episodes of incoordination and unsteadiness. Stress and exertion may trigger the episodes which tend to last for about half an hour. Type 6 is extremely rare and is caused by a defect on chromosome 5p13.
• Epstein Barr virus related fibromyalgia: Epstein Barr virus related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with infection with the Epstein Barr virus. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues.
• Epstein-Barr virus, chronic: A form of human herpes virus that produces persistent symptoms. Most people become infected with the virus at some stage in their life though they usually have few if any symptoms. However, some people develop severe symptoms as a result of an EBV infection.
• Erb's dystrophy: A slow progressing, muscle wasting disease. The muscles in the upper arms are affected first. Eventually muscles in the shoulders, trunk, thigh and pelvic girdle are involved. Eventually the facial muscles also become weak.
• Erb-Goldflam: An inherited disorder characterized by a defect in the transmission of signals to the muscles which results in muscle weakness.
• Erysipelas: An infectious skin disease with symptoms such as redness, swelling, fever, large blisters and pain.
• Erythema chronicum migrans: The first stage of Lyme disease which is transmitted by the bite of the Ixodid tick. The first stage involves a skin rash with systemic symptoms also often occurring.
• Erythema multiforme: An allergic inflammatory skin disorder which has a variety of causes and results in skin and mucous membrane lesions that affect mainly the hands, forearms, feet, mouth nose and genitals.
• Erythroblastopenia: A form of anemia involving the absence of red blood cell precursors which results in a low red blood cell count. The blood abnormality may be congenital or acquired through such things as particular viral infections or drug use. Without treatment, symptoms become progressively worse.
• Erythrokeratodermia ataxia: A rare inherited condition characterized by skin and nervous system disorders
• Erythropoietin-induced hypertension: Erythropoietin-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by taking erythropoietin which is sometimes used to treat anemia in conditions such as chornic kidney failure. Patients with an existing history of hypertension may suffer further blood pressure increases while taking amphetamines and this can be serious. Severity of symptoms varies amongst patients depending on their susceptibility, underlying health and duration of erythropoietin use.
• Escharonodulaire: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Essential thrombocytopenia: A rare blood disorder characterized by an excessively low number of platelets in the blood which often results in hemorrhages.
• Ethanol-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Ethanol-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by consuming ethanol. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Ethylmalonic aciduria: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by neurological and vascular symptoms caused by an excessive buildup of ethylmalonic aciduria.
• Eucalyptus Oil poisoning: Eucalyptus oil can be used for medicinal purposes but excessive ingestion can cause problems. Likewise, eating the leaves of the eucalyptus plant (very unlikely) can also cause poisoning symptoms.
• Eugenol oil poisoning: Eugenol oil is used as a supplement or as a therapeutic ingredient in various medications and foods but excessive doses of undiluted oil can cause symptoms. Smoking undiluted cloves in cigarettes can also cause symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Evan's syndrome: A rare condition where circulating antibodies red blood cells and a low level of blood platelets causing low iron levels and reduced blood clotting ability.
• Excessive dieting: Excessive limitation of food intake can lead to problems and effects such as dizziness, depression, intestinal problems, edema and impaired growth.
• Excessive muscle tone: also called hypertonia is the increase in the contractility of the muscle with decreased stretching
• Exercise induced asthma: Exercise-induced asthma is a condition of respiratory difficulty that is triggered by aerobic exercise and lasts several minutes. Symptoms of EIA may resemble those of allergic asthma, or they may be much more vague and go unrecognized, resulting in probable underreporting of the disease.
• Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: A rare disorder where lung inflammation results from inhalation or aspiration of fatty or oily material. Examples of fatty sources includes oil-based nasal inhalation drops, cosmetic oil. The severity of the condition can vary greatly depending on the amount of lipids involved.
• Extradural hematoma: Bleeding in the skull outside the brain
• Extramedullary Myeloid Tumor: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: A rare type of cancer where the B cells (a type of white blood cell) in lymph tissue associated with mucosa begin to proliferate. The cancer can affect any mucosal membrane tissue but is most common in the gastric mucosal membranes. Symptoms may vary considerable depending on the stage and location of the cancer.
• Extreme fatigue: A condition characterized by extreme tiredness
• Eye muscle strain: An eye disorder caused by strain on the eye muscles. The eyes become tired when being used intensely such as occurs when working on the computer, driving or reading, long periods of time straining to see in dim light or extremely bright lights. Eye refraction problems can also cause eye strain.
• Eyelid Myokymia:
• FACES syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, webbed fingers and toes and skeletal abnormalities.
• FACWA syndrome: A rare progressive neurological disorder involving degeneration of part of the brain (basal ganglia) and muscle wasting.
• FG Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and a prominent forehead.
• FG syndrome 1: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 1, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xq12-q21.31.
• FG syndrome 2: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 2, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xq28.
• FG syndrome 3: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 3, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xp22.3.
• FG syndrome 4: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 4, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xp11.4-p11.3.
• FG syndrome 5: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 5, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xq22.3.
• FOSMN syndrome: A rare neurodegenerative disorder that starts in the face and spreads to the scalp and upper body. The condition progresses slowly.
• Fabry's Disease: An inherited metabolic disorder where phospholipids are deposited mostly in the blood vessels as well as other tissues and organs. Symptoms include skin lesions, small red spots on the abdomen, thighs and scrotum, fever, peripheral edema, hypertension and renal failure. Also called angiokeratoma corporis diffusion, Anderson's syndrome, Anderson-Fabry disease, Morbus Anderson-Fabry, Ruiter-Pompen syndrome or Sweeley-Klionsky disease.
• Facial asymetry - temporal seizures: A rare condition characterized mainly by seizures that originate from the temporal lobe of the brain.
• Facial asymmetry - temporal seizures: A rare condition characterized mainly by seizures that originate from the temporal lobe of the brain as well as facial asymmetry.
• Facial clefting corpus callosum agenesis: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of facial clefts with a brain defect where the structure between the two halves of the brain (corpus callosum) fails to develop. Symptoms may vary somewhat depending on how much of the corpus callosum is missing and the extent of the facial clefting.
• Facial dysmorphism - intellectual deficit - short stature - hearing loss: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by retarded growth, mental retardation, bone abnormalities and distinctive facial features.
• Facial myokymia: The involuntary movement of muscles of the face
• Facial spasms: Spasms or twitches of facial muscles
• Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by facial, heart, muscle and skeletal abnormalities.
• Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1a: An inherited muscle disease involving slowly progressive muscle weakness. The condition is characterized by the early involvement of facial and shoulder muscles. Muscle weakness then spreads to the pelvis and legs. The onset, severity and rate of progression is variable.
• Fahr's Syndrome: A rare neurologic disorder where calcium is deposited in various parts of the brain resulting in progressive loss of motor and mental function.
• Familial band heterotopia: A rare inherited disorder where a part of the brain tissue is misplaced during development. More specifically, a layer of brain tissue is abnormally located in the white matter.
• Familial dilated cardiomyopathy: A rare inherited heart muscle condition where one or both heart ventricles are dilated or have impaired contractility. The heart becomes unable to pump sufficient blood around the body.
• Familial emphysema: A rare genetic form of emphysema caused by a deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) which results in destruction of the elastin component of the lung structure. The disorder tends to run in families (familial).
• Familial hematuria, autosomal dominant - retinal arteriolar tortuosity - contractures: A rare inherited disorder characterized by blood in the urine, contractures and retinal anomalies.
• Familial hypersensitivity pneumonitis: An immune-mediated lung disease that occurs in a familial pattern.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome 14q12.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 10: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 10 is caused by a defect in the MYL2 gene on chromosome 12q23-q24.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 11: An inherited heart condition involving thickening of the walls of the heart chambers which reduces the size of the heart chambers which restricts the outflow of blood from the heart ventricle and results in heart muscle disease. The condition may not cause any symptoms and can result in sudden death. Type 11 is caused by a defect in the ACTC1 gene on chromosome 15q14.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 12: An inherited heart condition involving thickening of the walls of the heart chambers which reduces the size of the heart chambers which restricts the outflow of blood from the heart ventricle and results in heart muscle disease. The condition may not cause any symptoms and can result in sudden death. Type 12 is caused by a defect in the CSRP3 gene on chromosome 11p15.1.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 2: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 2 is caused by a defect in the troponin-T2 gene on chromosome 1q.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 3: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 3 is caused by a defect in the alpha-tropomyosin gene on chromosome 15q22.1.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 4: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 4 is caused by a defect in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C gene on chromosome 11p11.2.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 6: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 6 is caused by a defect on chromosome 7q31-qter.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 7: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 7 is caused by a defect in the TNNI3 gene on chromosome 19q13.4.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 8: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 8 is caused by a defect in the MYL3 gene on chromosome 3p.
• Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 9: An inherited condition characterized by increased thickness of the wall of the heart ventricle which affects the hearts function. Type 9 is caused by a defect in the TTN gene on chromosome 2q24.3.
• Familial hypopituitarism: Impaired pituitary gland hormone-producing activity that tends to run in families. The failure of the pituitary gland in turn affects other hormone-producing glands which rely on the hormones from the pituitary gland for their activity. Symptoms are determined by the degree and type of hormone deficiency involved.
• Familial hypothyroidism: Impaired thyroid activity that tends to run in families.
• Familial isolated deficiency of vitamin E: A rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by an inherited condition where the body is unable to absorb vitamin E from the food consumed.
• Familial partial epilepsy with variable focus: A familial form of epilepsy where the seizures occur mostly at night. The seizures can arise from different parts of the brain in different family members. There is no damage to the structure of the brain nor permanent neurological damage.
• Familial porencephaly: A very rare developmental abnormality that tends to run in families and is characterized by a localized accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. The severity of symptoms is determined by the size and location of the brain abnormality.
• Fanconi syndrome: Fanconi syndrome that occurs secondary to the accumulation of crystals of light-chain immunoglobulin molecules in the kidney tubules which affects their functioning.
• Fanconi's anemia: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group A: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group A refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group B: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group B refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group C: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group C refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group D1: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group D1 refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group D2: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group D2 refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group E: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group E refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group F: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group F refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group G: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group G refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group I: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group I refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group J: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group J refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group L: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group L refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group M: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group M refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Complementation group N: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The subtype called Complementation group N refers to a genetic subtype of the disease. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition and various skeletal abnormalities and other birth defects may also be present. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi's anemia - Estren-Dameshek variant: Fanconi's anemia is a rare inherited blood disorder characterized by the inability of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The Estren-Dameshek variant is Fanconi's anemia without the presence of any physical malformations or deformities which are often associated with Fanconi's anemia. An increased incidence of leukemias and other cancers is associated with this condition. The condition is present at birth but symptoms of the blood problems are often not evident until later in childhood - in rare cases, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood.
• Fanconi-ichthyosis-dysmorphism: A very rare syndrome characterized by scaly skin (ichthyosis), anemia, muscle anomalies and various other abnormalities. All six reported cases died within 6 months.
• Fara-Chlupackova syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by ear, face and neck abnormalities.
• Farmer's lung - Micropolyspora faeni: Inhalation of moldy contaminated with bacteria (Micropolyspora faeni) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the moldy hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Farmer's lung - Thermoactinomyces vulgaris: Inhalation of moldy contaminated with bacteria (Thermoactinomyces vulgaris) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the moldy hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Farouk-induced lead poisoning: Farouk is a folk remedy by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Fasciculations: A small localized involuntary muscular contractions
• Fatal familial insomnia: A very rare inherited brain disease that severely affects sleep and causes progressive deterioration of mental and movement functions.
• Fatigue: Excessive tiredness or weakness.
• Fazio-Londe syndrome: A rare inherited motor neuron disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness which ultimately leads to premature death.
• Feather Plucker's lung: Inhalation of particles from chicken feathers in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the proteins in the chicken feathers. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Febrile Seizures: Fever-caused seizures in infants or children.
• Feeling under the weather: A saying which relates to feeling unwell
• Feigenbaum-Bergeron-Richardson syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by deafness, diabetes, epilepsy, kidney disease and premature hardening of the arteries.
• Feline spongiform encephalopathy: A prion disease believed to affect felines in a similar fashion to bovine spongiform encephalitis
• Felty syndrome: A rare complication of long-term rheumatoid arthritis which involves an enlarged spleen and blood abnormalities.
• Female carrier ALD: Mild form of ALD in female carriers
• Fentanyl toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Fenton-Wilkinson-Toselano syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by ataxia, light sensitivity and short stature.
• Fetal brain disruption sequence: A very rare syndrome characterized by skull and brain abnormalities.
• Fetal methylmercury syndrome: Fetal exposure to methyl mercury which can pass from the mother to the fetus through the placenta.
• Fetal warfarin syndrome: A rare disorder caused by fetal exposure to warfarin (anticoagulant) and resulting in physical, neurological and mental abnormalities.
• Fetal-onset olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia: A rare inherited condition where the brainstem and part of the brain (cerebellum) is abnormally small.
• Fibromyalgia: A difficult to diagnose condition affecting the muscles and/or joints
• Fibrosing alveolitis: A condition characterized by abnormalities in the fibrous tissues between lung alveoli which results in inflammation.
• Fibular hypoplasia or aplasia - femoral bowing - oligodactyly: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormalities involving the thighbone, fingers and fibula (calf bone).
• Filaminopathy, autosomal dominant: A rare dominantly inherited muscle disease characterized slow-progressing muscle weakness. The upper legs seemed to be the most affected with the arms being less involved.
• Filefish poisoning (Palytoxin): Palytoxin is a marine toxin found in some filefish from the Philippines and Singapore region. The toxin is extremely potent and death is common in patients who ingest contaminated filefish.
• Filovirus: A group of viruses that includes Marburg and Ebola
• Finale rodenticide poisoning: Finale is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Fire Ant bite: The fire ant is found mainly in South America and parts of North America but is also found in other countries such as Australia. The fire ant is red and can deliver a venomous bite. Fire ant venom can elicit and allergic reaction or even anaphylaxis in susceptible people.
• Fish meal worker's lung: Inhalation of a fish meal particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fish meal particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Fitzsimmons-Guilbert syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by paraplegia, short fingers and bone abnormalities. The paraplegia progresses slowly.
• Fitzsimmons-McLachlan-Gilbert syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation paraplegia and thickened coarse skin on palms and soles.
• Fitzsimmons-Walson-Mellor syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by spastic paraplegia, progressive kidney disease and deafness.
• Flavivirus: A group B arbovirus that causes disease in humans and animals
• Flavivirus Infections: Infection with a virus from the Flaviviridae family of viruses. Infections by these pathogens include Dengue fever, Rocio encephalitis, West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis. Transmission usually occurs through the bite of a mosquito.
• Flea-borne diseases: Diseases that are carried by fleas
• Flocoumafen rodenticide poisoning: Flocoumafen is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Floppy baby: When a baby is unresponsive and has no muscle tone
• Floppy infant syndrome: A term used to describe reduced muscle tone and muscle weakness in infants.
• Flu-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to flu including fever
• Focal cortical dysplasia type II: Abnormal development of the brain cortex which results in severe, untreatable seizures which occur several times a day.
• Focal cortical dysplasia type IIA: Abnormal development of the brain cortex which results in severe, untreatable seizures which occur several times a day. Type IIA is distinguished by the lack of balloon cells wheras type IIB has balloon cells present. Balloon cells are abnormal cells in the brain tissue.
• Focal cortical dysplasia type IIB: Abnormal development of the brain cortex which results in severe, untreatable seizures which occur several times a day. Type IIB is distinguished by the presence of balloon cells wheras type IIA has no balloon cells present. Balloon cells are abnormal cells in the brain tissue.
• Focal motor seizure: A focal motor seizure is an electrical disturbance that originates in a part of the brain involved with movement and results in corresponding movement symptoms. The muscles in any part of the body may be affected depending on the exact location of the portion of brain affected.
• Foix-Alajouanine syndrome: A rare type of spinal cord disease caused by malformations in blood vessels supplying the spinal cord. Insufficient blood flow to the spinal cord causes muscle problems.
• Folate-deficiency anemia: Folate-deficiency anemia is a blood condition characterized by low levels of folate in the body which leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells. It is usually the result of a poor diet, malabsorption issues or the use of certain medications.
• Folgorat rodenticide poisoning: Folgorat is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Folinic acid-responsive seizures: A form of seizures that respond to treatment with folinic acid. The seizures usually start within a week of birth.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - MSG: An intolerance to MSG is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to a food additive called MSG which is used in a number of foods. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the food additive. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - amines: An intolerance to amines is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to amines which are found naturally in foods such as bananas, pineapples, vegetables, red wine, citrus fruit and many other foods. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the substance. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - chocolate: An intolerance to chocolate is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to chocolate. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize the food. The amount of chocolate required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - food additives: An intolerance to food additives is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to food additives. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the food additive. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - salicylate: An intolerance to salicylates is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to salicylates which is an ingredient in aspirin but is also found naturally in various fruit, vegetables, herbs and spices. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the salicylate. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - sulfite: An intolerance to sulfites is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to sulfites which is often used as a preservative in a variety of foods and medications including meats, salads and dried fruits. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize or deal with the sulfite. The amount of the substance required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Additive Adverse reaction - sulphite: An intolerance to sulphite is an adverse reaction (not an immune response) by the body to sulphite. The adverse reaction results from the body's inability to metabolize the substance. The amount of sulphite required to trigger the onset of symptoms and the nature and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients.
• Food Allergy - beef: A beef allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to beef. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - buckwheat: A buckwheat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to buckwheat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - chicken meat: A chicken meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to chicken meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - duck meat: A duck meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to duck meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - goose meat: A goose meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to goose meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - lamb: A lamb allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to lamb meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - meat: A meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - pork: A pork allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food Allergy - red meat: A red meat allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to red meat. This type of allergy is rare and severe reactions are even rarer. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food poisoning: Poisoning from a substance or microbe in food.
• Foramina parietalia permagna: A rare disorder involving abnormal bone development of the skull resulting in persistent wide fontanelles (cranium bifidum) as well as a scalp defect and other abnormalities.
• Forbes disease: A rare inherited glycogen storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme amylo-1,6-glucosidase resulting in a build up of glycogen in the liver and muscles.
• Forearm muscle strain: Damage to the forearm muscle due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Foxglove poisoning: The foxglove is a herb which produces fruit in a capsule and colored, tubular flowers. The leaves, flowers and seeds of the plant contain a very toxic chemical called digitalis glycoside which can cause serious symptoms or even death if eaten. Skin irritation can occur if contact with the skin occurs. NOTE: Patients who are taking certain medications (digoxin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers) are more susceptible to foxglove poisoning.
• Franek-Bocker-Kahlen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, brain defect, spasticity and high sodium level.
• Free sialic Acid storage disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of sialic acid in the tissues and excretion of sialic acid in the urine. There are mild and severe forms of the condition - the severe form result in death before birth or within a few years of birth.
• Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal development of the skeleton and muscles.
• Fried syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, buildup of fluid inside the skull and an unusual facial appearance. The disorder is inherted in a X-linked manner.
• Friedreich ataxia - congenital glaucoma: A rare disorder characterized by glaucoma at birth and a progressive neuromuscular disorder.
• Friedreich's ataxia: Progressive muscle weakness from nerve damage.
• Frontotemporal dementia: A degenerative brain disease involving frontal and temporal brain lobes resulting in dementia. Degeneration of the frontal lobe causes behavioral and personality changes degeneration of the temporal lobe causes semantic dementia.
• Froster-Iskenius-Waterson syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by multiple joint contractures at birth, hyperthermia and twisting of neck muscles.
• Fructose intolerance: An enzyme deficiency that causes toxic symptoms when fructose containing food is ingested.
• Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, hereditary: A rare inherited condition where an enzyme deficiency (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency - FDPase) impairs the body's ability to metabolize fructose from the diet.
• Fryns macrocephaly: A rare syndrome characterized by a large head, seizures, spasticity, weakness and unusual facial appearance.
• Fryns-Smeets-Thiry syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by short stature, mental retardation, small head, skeletal anomalies and various other abnormalities.
• Fucosidosis type 1: A rare biochemical disorder involving deficiency of an enzyme (alpha-fucosidase) which results in accumulation of certain chemicals (glycosphingolipids) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. It is an infantile form of fucosidosis which starts early and rapidly progresses to early death.
• Fucosidosis type II: A form of the biochemical disorder called fucosidosis where an enzyme deficiency (alpha-fucosidase) results in the accumulation of certain chemicals (glycosphingolipids) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Symptoms start later and progress slower than in type I and is distinguished by warty skin growths.
• Fuhrmann syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormalities involving the thighbone, fingers and fibula (calf bone).
• Fuhrmann-Rieger-de Sousa syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormalities involving the thighbone, fingers and fibula (calf bone).
• Fukuyama type muscular dystrophy: A rare inherited muscle wasting disease occurring predominantly in Japan and characterized by mental retardation and muscle weakness from infancy.
• Fumaric aciduria: A rare inborn metabolic error where a deficiency of the enzyme fumarase due to a genetic defect impairs the body's ability to break down fumarate into malate which results in increased fumaric acid levels in the urine.
• Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor: Tumors that develop in the pancreas and cause excessive secretion of one or more pancreatic hormones such as insulin, somatostatin, glucagons, gastrin, ACTH (corticosteroids) and vasoactive intestinal peptidase.
• Fungal meningitis: Fungal meningitis is an infection that causes swelling and irritation of the tissue around the brain and spinal cord. It usually strikes people whose weakened immune systems can't fight off infection. The disease is not common. but it can be very serious.
• Fungemia: The presence of fungi in the blood. Most commonly occurs in people with a compromised immune system. Other risk factors include dialysis, burns, diabetes and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and steroids. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• Funnel Web spider poisoning: The funnel web spider is a poisonous spider found mainly in Australia and America. The venom is toxic to the nervous system. There are two phases of poisoning - the first phase starts soon after envenomation and may result in death in severe cases. The second phase occurs one or two hours after envenomation where patients may recover somewhat but symptoms such as apnea and low blood pressure may develop.
• Furrier's lung: Inhalation of a dust from animal fur in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the animal fur. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Furukawa-Takagi-Nakao syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by muscle weakness and wasting, ataxia, diabetes and eye problems.
• GM1 gangliosidosis: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type 1 is a severe infantile form of the disorder and involves a greater degree of accumulation than type II or III.
• GM2-gangliosidosis, AB variant: A very rare inherited disorder where the brain and spinal cord nerve cells (central nervous system) are progressively destroyed.
• GSD IIB - formerly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes. The condition is now known as Danon disease.
• GSD2B - formerly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes. The condition is now known as Danon disease.
• GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency (GTP cyclohydrolase) which causes a harmful build up of phenylalanine in the blood.
• Gait ataxia: impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal ambulation which may result from impairments of motor function or sensory feedback
• Galactosemia I: A rare inherited disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase) prevents the metabolism of galactose which is a sugar component of milk. Ranges from milk intolerance in mild cases to death in severe untreated cases.
• Galactosemia III: A rare inherited disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (UDP-Galactose-4-epimerase) prevents the metabolism of galactose which is a sugar component of milk. The condition may vary from mild to severe.
• Galloway syndrome: A rare genetic disorder primarily involving physical and developmental abnormalities.
• Gamma aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme called Beta-aminobutyrate aminotransferase.
• Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by muscle weakness, low muscle tone, increased sweating and muscle twitching (myokymia)
• Ganglioglioma: A type of tumor that develops in the central nervous system. The tumor originates from glial and nerve cells. The tumor may grow rapidly and symptom will vary depending on the exact location and size of the tumor.
• Gangliosidosis generalized GM1, type 1: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type 1 is a severe infantile form of the disorder and involves a greater degree of accumulation than type II or III.
• Gangliosidosis, generalized GM1 type 2: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase 1) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type III involves a lesser degree of accumulation than type II or I. Death can occur early in life in severe cases but milder cases can survive into late childhood.
• Gangliosidosis, generalized GM1 type 3: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type III involves a lesser degree of accumulation than type II or I.
• Gardner-Morrisson-Abbot syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by thrombocytopenia and various other abnormalities present at birth.
• Garret-Tripp syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by extra digits, a lack of hair and scaly skin on the scalp, face and neck.
• Gastric Ulcer: A gastric ulcer is a break in the normal tissue that lines the stomach.
• Gastric lymphoma: A rare type of tumor that occurs in the lining of the stomach. The tumor may be primary or have spread there from other parts of the body. This type of tumor is more common in old people.
• Gastrinoma: Rare tumors secreting the digestive hormone gastrin.
• Gastroenteritis: An infection of the bowel
• Gaucher Disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme called glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of glycosylceramide (glucocerebroside). There are three forms of this disease: type 1, 2 and 3.
• Gaucher disease - perinatal lethal form: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of abnormally tight skin and Gaucher disease which is a lipid storage disease. This is the most severe form of Gaucher disease.
• Gaucher disease type 1: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme called glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of glycosylceramide (glucocerebroside). There are three forms of this disease: type 1, 2 and 3. Type 1 is the visceral, chronic form which usually starts during adulthood.
• Gaucher disease type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme called glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of glycosylceramide (glucocerebroside). There are three forms of this disease: type 1, 2 and 3. Type 2 is acute neurological form apparent in infancy.
• Gaucher disease type 3: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of the enzyme called glucocerebrosidase and accumulation of glycosylceramide (glucocerebroside). There are three forms of this disease: type 1, 2 and 3. Type 3 is a subacute neurological form which often first appears in childhood.
• General discomfort: A feeling of discomfort all over the body
• Generalised musculoskeletal pain: Generalised aches and pains over the body.
• Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease resulting from autoimmune dysfunction. In generalized myasthenia gravis weakness develops mainly in the limbs and trunk. The severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Most patients suffer increased severity of symptoms during the day with improvement after sleeping.
• Generalized Myokymia: Spontaneous tetanic contractions of the muscles all over the body
• Generalized lipodystrophy with mental retardation, deafness, short stature and slender bones: A recessively inherited disorder characterized by short stature, mental retardation, deafness, slender bones and degeneration of the body's fat tissue.
• Generalized seizures: Abnormal electrical activity that starts in larger areas of the brain and involves both sides of the brain. Various symptoms occur depending on the part of the brain involved. Symptoms generally last for a matter of minutes but full recovery may take hours. Often patients are confused and tired after a seizure episode.
• Genetic reflex epilepsy: A genetic condition where certain lights (e.g. tv), sounds, music, movements and reading can trigger a seizure.
• Genée-Wiedemann syndrome: An extremely rare birth disorder characterized by mental retardation and a variety of physical defects.
• Gerlier disease: A disease that occurs usually in farm workers who are exposed to cattle. The condition is usually seen in some parts of Switzerland. Symptoms tend to resolve themselves within a few months.
• Geroderma osteodysplastica: A rare connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by elastic skin, a prematurely aged facial appearance and abnormal calcification of bones causing them to break easily.
• Gerodermia osteodysplastica: A rare connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by elastic skin, a prematurely aged facial appearance and abnormal calcification of bones causing them to break easily.
• Gerodermia osteodysplastica hereditaria: A rare connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by elastic skin, a prematurely aged facial appearance and abnormal calcification of bones causing them to break easily.
• Gerodermia osteodysplasticum: A rare connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by elastic skin, a prematurely aged facial appearance and abnormal calcification of bones causing them to break easily.
• Ghasard-induced lead poisoning: Ghasard is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Asian and Indian people as a tonic (usually for indigestion). This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Giant axonal neuropathy: A rare genetic disorder characterized by incoordination, vision problems and dementia caused by abnormalities of a nerve cell component.
• Giant cell myocarditis: A rare cardiovascular disease involving inflammation of the heart muscle. The condition occurs for no apparent reason.
• Gigantism: Gigantism refers to abnormally high linear growth due to excessive action of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) while the epiphyseal growth plates are open during childhood.
• Gilbert's Syndrome: An inherited enzyme deficiency (UDP glucoronyl transferase) which causes periodic mild jaundice, abdominal pain, weakness and fatigue.
• Gitelman syndrome: A rare, relatively mild, genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. The defective gene (NCCT) impairs the function of the Na-Cl cotransporter.
• Glanders: An infectious disease caused by a bacterium (Burkholderia mallei). It is usually a disease that affects horses and mules but can also infect other animals and humans. Human infection usually occurs in laboratory settings or in those with prolonged contact with infected animals. Symptoms are determined by whether infection occurs through the skin or via the lungs or blood stream. Bloodstream infections are the most severe and usually result in death within weeks.
• Glioma: A rare type of tumor that occurs from glial cells that make up the central nervous system. These tumors usually occur in the brain but can also occur in the spinal cord and other nerves such as the optic nerve. Symptoms depend on the size and location of the tumor.
• Gliomatosis cerebri: A rare, aggressive type of malignant brain tumor. Cancerous glial cells infiltrate various parts of the brain and can result in a variety of symptoms.
• Gliosarcoma: A type of brain tumor that originates from glial cells. The tumor may grow rapidly and symptom will vary depending on the exact location and size of the tumor.
• Glomerulonephritis: A condition which affects the kidneys and is characterized by inflammatory changes that occur in the glomeruli
• Glucocorticoid deficiency, familial: A rare inherited disorder where the adrenals don't respond to ACTH resulting in glucocorticoid deficiency.
• Glucocorticoid resistance: A rare condition where all or parts of the body are unable to respond to glucocorticoids. Symptoms depend on the level or resistance.
• Glucose transport defect, blood-brain barrier: A rare metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of a molecule needed to transport glucose (GLUT1). The glucose is unable to be transported from the blood and into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Sugar transport to the brain is essential for normal development. The blood sugar level remains normal. Fasting exacerbates symptoms which can very in severity depending on the degree of deficiency.
• Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A rare enzyme abnormality involving a deficiency of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which causes premature destruction of red blood cells. The excessive destruction of red blood cells can be triggered by certain infections or drugs or by eating fava beans.
• Glutamate decarboxylase deficiency: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme called glutamate decarboxylase which causes seizures that will only respond to pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
• Glutamine deficiency, congenital: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of the glutamine synthase enzyme. This results in a lack of glutamine in the serum, urine and brain and spinal fluid. The condition results in infant death within weeks of birth.
• Glutaric Aciduria, neonatal form of type II A: A more serious neonatal form of glutaricaciduria where there is excessive blood and urine levels of glutaric acid and congenital anomalies may be present.
• Glutaric aciduria 1: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where a genetic mutation results in the deficiency of an enzyme called glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is required to metabolise certain amino acids (lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan). Problems occur when these metabolites build up in the body and cause neurological problems. Symptoms often develop following an acute infection or fasting. The severity of the condition is highly variable from development of neurological symptoms during infancy to asymptomatic adults. The degree of enzyme deficiency will usually determine the severity.
• Glutaric aciduria 2: A metabolic disorder involving an enzyme deficiency - electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxydoreductase. The severity of symptoms depends on the level of deficiency. The infant onset form is the most severe and often results in death. Severe cases usually develop during childhood or infancy and usually involve metabolic acidosis and its associated symptoms. Milder cases may simply present with muscle weakness initially that develops in adulthood. Some cases may involve additional symptoms such as heart, liver and kidney problems, facial anomalies and genital abnormalities.
• Glutaricaciduria I: A rare inherited enzyme deficiency disorder where deficiency of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme results in dystonia, dyskinesia and sometimes mental retardation.
• Glutaricaciduria type 1: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where a genetic mutation results in the deficiency of an enzyme called glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is required to metabolise certain amino acids (lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan). Problems occur when these metabolites build up in the body and cause neurological problems. Symptoms often develop following an acute infection or fasting. The severity of the condition is highly variable from development of neurological symptoms during infancy to asymptomatic adults. The degree of enzyme deficiency will usually determine the severity.
• Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where a genetic mutation results in the deficiency of an enzyme called glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is required to metabolise certain amino acids (lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan). Problems occur when these metabolites build up in the body and cause neurological problems. Symptoms often develop following an acute infection or fasting. The severity of the condition is highly variable from development of neurological symptoms during infancy to asymptomatic adults. The degree of enzyme deficiency will usually determine the severity.
• Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency: An inborn error of metabolism where insufficient glutathione is produced. Glutathione is an antioxidant which helps destroy unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and helps develop certain cell components. The condition is due to insufficient glutathione synthetase enzyme. The condition may range from mild, resulting in excessive destruction of red blood cells, to severe which includes neurological symptoms.
• Glutathione synthetase deficiency, severe: An inborn error of metabolism where insufficient glutathione is produced. Glutathione is an antioxidant which helps destroy unstable molecules that can cause damage to cells and helps develop certain cell components. The condition is due to insufficient glutathione synthetase enzyme. The condition may range from mild, resulting in excessive destruction of red blood cells, to severe which includes neurological symptoms.
• Gluteal muscle strain: Damage to the gluteal muscle (buttocks) due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Gluten allergy: Gluten allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to gluten or foods containing gluten. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches. Gluten allergy is similar to celiac disease - celiac disease only occurs in people with a genetic defect which predisposes them to the condition whereas gluten can occur in anyone but is more common in people who are also prone to other allergies.
• Glycine encephalopathy, atypical mild form: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine are unable to be metabolized properly due to defects in the glycine cleavage system. The atypical mild form tends to be quite mild and can be difficult to diagnose due to the nonspecific symptoms.
• Glycine encephalopathy, classical neonatal early-onset form: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine are unable to be metabolized properly due to defects in the glycine cleavage system. The early onset classical neonatal form usually starts after a period of normal development during the first 6 months of life.
• Glycine encephalopathy, classical neonatal form: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine are unable to be metabolized properly due to defects in the glycine cleavage system.
• Glycogen Storage Disease IIb - formerly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes. The condition is now known as Danon disease.
• Glycogen Storage Disease Type I: An inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase prevents glycogen being turned into glucose leading to a buildup of glycogen in the liver and kidneys. Most problems tend to develop during adulthood.
• Glycogen Storage Disease XIV: A rare genetic disorder where the deficiency of a chemical called phosphoglucomutase-1 results in problems with glycogen storage within the body. The main symptoms tend to revolve around muscle problems.
• Glycogen branching deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where an enzyme deficiency (glycogen branching enzyme) results in a harmful buildup of glycogen byproducts in the liver, muscle and even the heart in some cases. The severity of symptoms is variable depending on the degree of enzyme deficiency and how strictly treatment measures are adhered to.
• Glycogen debranching deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where an enzyme deficiency (amylo-1,6-glucosidase) results in a harmful buildup of glycogen byproducts in the liver, muscle and even the heart in some cases. The severity of symptoms is variable depending on the degree of enzyme deficiency and how strictly treatment measures are adhered to.
• Glycogen storage disease type 1C: A genetic metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (due to a defect in the microsomal phosphate) which results in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues. G6P is stored as glycogen until the body needs to convert it to a sugar for energy. The enzyme deficiency prevents the conversion and hence low blood sugar levels result.
• Glycogen storage disease type 1D: A genetic metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (due to a defect in the microsomal glucose transporter) which results in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues. G6P is stored as glycogen until the body needs to convert it to a sugar for energy. The enzyme deficiency prevents the conversion and hence low blood sugar levels result.
• Glycogen storage disease type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down.
• Glycogen storage disease type 2B: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down. Type IIB usually starts during childhood.
• Glycogen storage disease type 2B - formerly: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes. The condition is now known as Danon disease.
• Glycogen storage disease type 7: An inherited metabolic disorder where there is a deficiency of phosphofructokinase-1 in the muscle and a partial deficiency in red blood cells which prevents glucose being converted to energy during exercise.
• Glycogenosis type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down. The severity of the condition is variable and onset may occur during infancy, childhood or adulthood.
• Glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency: A genetic disorder where the deficiency of a glycolipid called glycosylphosphatidylinositol causes seizures blood problems.
• Glénard syndrome: The downward displacement of internal organs.
• Gnathostoma Infection: Infection with a type of round worm (Gnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma hispidum). Infection typically occurs through eating undercooked fish or poultry containing the roundworm larvae or by drinking contaminated water. The symptoms are determined by which tissues the worms migrate through. The worms tend to migrate mainly through the skin.
• Gnathostoma hispidum infection: A tapeworm infection with a tapeworm species called Gnathostoma hispidum. The infection is called gnathostomiasis and usually results from eating undercooked contaminated fish or poultry or drinking contaminated water. The nature and severity of symptoms vary depending on which part of the body the tapeworms migrate through (usually the skin).
• Gnathostoma spinigerum infection: A tapeworm infection with a tapeworm species called Gnathostoma spinigerum. The infection is called gnathostomiasis and usually results from eating undercooked contaminated fish or poultry or drinking contaminated water. The nature and severity of symptoms vary depending on which part of the body the tapeworms migrate through (usually the skin).
• Goldberg syndrome: A rare lysosomal storage disorder characterized by an enzyme deficiency (neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase) which results in a build-up of glycoproteins in the urine. There are three main subtypes: infantile, juvenile and adult forms. The early infantile form is the most severe and often results in death during infancy.
• Goldberg-Shprintzen megacolon syndrome: A rare malformations syndrome characterized by abnormalities such as small head, eye problems, poor muscle tone, hearing problems and Hirschsprung megacolon where defective intestinal muscles are unable to move stool efficiently through the intestines.
• Goldblatt-Wallis syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and an abnormal
• Golden Chain tree poisoning: The Golden Chain tree is a relatively small tree which produces bright yellow flowers. The plant contains a chemical called cytisine which can cause similar effects to nicotine if ingested and can be serious if patients have underlying health problems. All parts of the plant are poisonous if sufficient quantities are consumed.
• Gonionemus poisoning: Gonionemus is a type of hydrozoan jellyfish which can deliver a venomous sting. The sting can cause various combinations of skin, respiratory and joint and pain symptoms. In mild cases, only the skin is affected. Stings most often occur in the Northern hemisphere - especially Japanese and Russian waters.
• Goodpasture syndrome: A rare disease involving inflammation of membranes in the lung and kidneys.
• Grand mal seizures: A condition which is characterized by the sudden onset of generalized muscle spasms and loss of consciousness
• Grand-Kaine-Fulling syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by disease of the retinal blood vessels and degeneration of the central nervous system.
• Grant syndrome: A rare genetic condition characterized by short stature, skeletal abnormalities and blue sclerae.
• Granulomatous Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: Inflammation of blood vessels in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The condition tends to recur.
• Granulomatous amebic encephalitis: Brain/CNS infection from Acanthamoeba bacteria
• Grass spider poisoning: The grass spider is a type of funnel web spider native the western parts of the US.
• Graves disease: A condition which is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid resulting hyperthyroidism
• Greta-induced lead poisoning: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Grief or loss: The normal emotional response that occurs to an external loss
• Griscelli disease: A rare genetic disorder characterized mainly by albinism (lack of pigmentation). There are three different subtypes of the disorder (I, II and III) each with varying additional features such as immunodeficiency and neurological symptoms. Type 1 involves partial albinism and neurological symptoms, type II involves partial albinism, immunodeficiency and sometimes neurological symptoms and type III involves albinism, only.
• Griscelli syndrome type I: A rare genetic condition characterized by a partial lack of pigmentation in the eye, skin and hair, clumps of pigmentation in hair shafts and neurological symptoms.
• Griscelli syndrome type II: A rare genetic condition characterized by a partial lack of pigmentation in the eye, skin and hair, clumps of pigmentation in hair shafts, immunodeficiency and neurological symptoms.
• Grix-Blankenship-Peterson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, bone defects and head and face abnormalities.
• Groin muscle strain: Damage to the groin muscle due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Gräsbeck-Imerslund disease: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Guam disease: A nerve degeneration disorder that occurs particularly in Guam and involves progressive dementia and parkinsonism which ultimately leads to death.
• Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine and proline are unable to be metabolized properly due to deficiency of the enzyme called guanidinoacetate methyltransferase.
• Guillain-Barre syndrome: An acute condition which is characterized by polyradiculoneuropathy that affects the peripheral nervous system
• Gulf War syndrome: Syndrome in military veterans of the Gulf war
• Gustavson syndrome: A very rare condition characterized by features such as mental retardation, spasticity, seizures and eye and ear problems.
• HADH deficiency: A rare inherited form of biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase). The enzyme deficiency only affects certain body tissues, in particular the skeletal muscles. The lack of enzyme activity prevents some fats being converted into energy. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated during fasting as during fasting, the body tries to rely more heavily on fats for energy. Fatty acids that are not completely metabolized due to the enzyme deficiency may build up in various organs and cause serious complications.
• HARD syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface and eye, genitourinary and other abnormalities.
• HARD syndrome (Hydrocephalus - agyria - retinal dysplasia): A rare genetic disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface and eye, genitourinary and other abnormalities.
• HELLP syndrome: A rare potentially fatal condition that occurs in pregnant women and is frequently associated with pre-eclampsia.
• HHV-6 encephalitis: A rare condition that usually occurs in immunocompromised people such as those undergoing transplants or HIV patients. The condition causes neurological symptoms.
• HIV-1, CRF01_AE: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF A/E occurs mainly in Asia and originated in central Africa. It tends to be transmitted mainly through heterosexual contact i.e. infection occurs through mucosal exposure.
• HIV-1, CRF02_AG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/G involves both And G subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF A/G occurs mainly in west and central Africas well as Taiwan.
• HIV-1, CRF04_ cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/B involves both And B subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF_cpx is made up of a combination of subtypes A, G, H, K, and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Cyprus and Greece.
• HIV-1, CRF05_ D/F: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF D/F involves both D and F subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF D/F occurs mainly in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• HIV-1, CRF06_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF06_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, G, J and K - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Burkina Faso and Mali.
• HIV-1, CRF07_BC: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF07_BC involves a combination of type B' and C and is extremely rare.
• HIV-1, CRF08_BC: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF08_BC involves a combination of type B' and C and is extremely rare.
• HIV-1, CRF11_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF11_cpx is extremely rare and appears to include a mix of subtypes CRF01 (And E), A, G and J - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes).
• HIV-1, CRF12_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF B/F has been diagnosed in Uruguay and Argentina.
• HIV-1, CRF13_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF13_cpx involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E), A, G, J and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes).
• HIV-1, CRF14_BG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF14_BG involves a combination of subtypes B and G. This subtype has been diagnosed in Spain.
• HIV-1, CRF15_01B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF15_01B involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E) and B.
• HIV-1, CRF16_ A2D: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF16_ A2D involves a combination of subtypes A2 and D. This subtype has been diagnosed in Kenyand South Korea.
• HIV-1, CRF17_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF17_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F.
• HIV-1, CRF18_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF18_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, E, F, G, H, K and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes).
• HIV-1, CRF19_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF19_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, E, D and G - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes).
• HIV-1, CRF20_BG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF20_BG involves a combination of subtypes B and G. This subtype has been diagnosed in Cuba.
• HIV-1, CRF21_A2D: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF21_A2D involves a combination of subtypes A, D and G.
• HIV-1, CRF22_01A1: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF22_01A1 involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E) and A1.
• HIV-1, CRF23_BG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF23_BG involves a combination of subtypes B and G.
• HIV-1, CRF24_BG: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF24_BG involves a combination of subtypes B and G. This subtype has been diagnosed in Cuba.
• HIV-1, CRF25_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF25_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, G and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Cameroon and Saudi Arabia.
• HIV-1, CRF26_AU: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF26_AU involves a combination of subtypes And U.
• HIV-1, CRF27_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF27_cpx involves a combination of subtypes A, E, G, H, J, K and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
• HIV-1, CRF28_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF28_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F.
• HIV-1, CRF29_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF29_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F.
• HIV-1, CRF30_0206: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF30_0206 involves a combination of subtypes CRF02 (And G) and CRF06 (A, G, J and K).
• HIV-1, CRF31_BC: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF31_BC involves a combination of subtypes B and C.
• HIV-1, CRF32_06A1: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF32_06A1involves a combination of subtypes CRF06 (A, G, J, K) and A1.
• HIV-1, CRF33_01B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF33_01B involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E) and B. This subtype has been diagnosed in Malaysia.
• HIV-1, CRF34_01B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF34_01B involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E) and B. This subtype has been diagnosed in Thailand.
• HIV-1, CRF35_AD: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF35_AD involves a combination of subtypes And D. This subtype has been diagnosed in Afghanistan.
• HIV-1, CRF36_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF36_cpx involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E), CRF02 (And G) and G - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Cameroon.
• HIV-1, CRF37_cpx: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF37_cpx involves a combination of subtypes CRF01 (And E), CRF02 (And G) and U - (cpx refers to a complex of two or more subtypes). This subtype has been diagnosed in Cameroon.
• HIV-1, CRF38_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF38_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F.
• HIV-1, CRF39_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF39_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F. This subtype has been diagnosed in Brazil.
• HIV-1, CRF40_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF40_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F. This subtype has been diagnosed in Brazil.
• HIV-1, CRF41_CD: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF41_CD involves a combination of subtypes C and D.
• HIV-1, CRF42_BF: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF42_BF involves a combination of subtypes B and F1.
• HIV-1, CRF43_02G: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype CRF43_02G involves a combination of subtypes CRF02 (And G) and G. This type has been diagnosed in Saudi Arabia.
• HIV-1A: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype A is most prevalent in West Africa.
• HIV-1A1: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1A1 is a subtype of HIV-1A.
• HIV-1A2: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1A2 is a subtype of HIV-1A.
• HIV-1A3: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1A3 is a subtype of HIV-1A.
• HIV-1B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype B is most prevalent in Thailand, Australia, Japan, Europe and America. This subtype tends to be transmitted mainly by homosexual contact and intravenous drug use i.e. infection occurs mainly through blood exposure.
• HIV-1C: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype C is most prevalent in Nepal, India and Southern and Eastern parts of Africa. This subtype tends to be a more virulent subtype and is transmitted mainly through heterosexual contact i.e. infection occurs through mucosal exposure.
• HIV-1D: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype D is most prevalent in the Eastern and Central parts of Africa and tends to be a more virulent subtype.
• HIV-1E: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype E has to date not occurred on its own but has occurred in combination with subtype A in a subtype called CRF A/E. This subtype occurs mainly in Asia and originated in central Africa. It tends to be transmitted mainly through heterosexual contact i.e. infection occurs through mucosal exposure.
• HIV-1F: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype F is most prevalent in Eastern Europe, South America and Central Africa.
• HIV-1F1: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1F1 is a subtype of HIV-1F.
• HIV-1F2: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1F2 is a subtype of HIV-1F.
• HIV-1G: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype G is most prevalent in Africa and central parts of Europe. This subtype tends to be a more virulent subtype.
• HIV-1H: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype H is most prevalent in central parts of Africa.
• HIV-1J: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype J is most prevalent in central America.
• HIV-1K: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group M, subtype K is most prevalent in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon.
• HIV-1M: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. HIV-1 group M is the most common form of HIV accounting for roughly 90% of cases worldwide.
• HIV-1N: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group N is very rare and has only been diagnosed in Cameroon.
• HIV-1O: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-1, Group O is very rare and has only been diagnosed in the western parts of Central Africa. This type is more difficult to diagnose and the standard test kits are not sensitive enough to pick up the virus.
• HIV-2: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. Group M is further classified into 9 subgroups - A to K and CRFs. CRF's are circulating recombinant forms which are a combination of any two subtypes e.g. CRF A/C involves both And C subtypes. HIV-2 is very rare and is generally only diagnosed in Africa but a number of cases have been diagnosed in the US. HIV-2 is less easily transmitted than HIV-1 and the time between infection and symptoms tends to be longer in HIV-2.
• HIV-2A: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. HIV-2 has two subtypes - And B and they are found mainly in Western Africa.
• HIV-2B: HIV is an immune system disease caused by the HIV virus. AIDS is a term used when a person infected with HIV has a CD4+ T cell count below 200 or 14% of lymphocytes. AIDS is an advanced form of HIV. To be classified as AIDS the person must also have an AIDS-related condition such as opportunistic infections. Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, even if treatment improved their CD4+ T cell count and infections are under control, the person is still considered to have AIDS. HIV is classified into two subtypes - HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further classified into three groups - Group M, N and O. HIV-2 has two subtypes - And B and they are found mainly in Western Africa.
• HIV/AIDS: HIV is a sexually transmitted virus and AIDS is the progressive immune failure that HIV causes.
• HTLV: Virus associated with affecting the immune system.
• Haas-Robinson syndrome: A rare, recessively inherited disorder involving defective copper metabolism within the body which causes symptoms such as mental retardation, seizures and poor muscle tone.
• Hai Ge Fen-induced lead poisoning: Hai Ge Fen is clamshell powder used mainly by Chinese people to make traditional Chinese herbal medicines. This product has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Hairy cell leukemia: A chronic leukemia which causes an excess of abnormal mononuclear cells which appear hair like under microscopy
• Hall-Riggs mental retardation syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by mental retardation, distinctive facial features and various bone abnormalities.
• Hallervorden-Spatz disease: Nerve disorder causing movement problems.
• Hand Spasm: Violent and painful contraction of the muscles in the hands.
• Hand cramps: The occurrence of muscular cramps that occur in the hand
• Hand muscle strain: Damage to the hand muscles due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Hangover: Condition following excessive alcohol consumption.
• Hantavirosis: Infection by hantavirus which is a virus from the family Bunyaviridae. Infection generally causes severe febrile illness which can involve bleeding, shock and even death in some cases. The disease is transmitted by infected rodents.
• Hantavirus: A genus of viruses from the family Bunyaviridae
• Hashimoto's encephalitis: A rare form of brain disease and inflammation.
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A progressive disease of the thyroid which leads to degeneration and hypothyroidism
• Haspeslagh Fryns Muelenaere syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Havoc rodenticide poisoning: Havoc is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Hay Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of hay particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Head injury: Any injury that occurs to the head
• Hearing impairment: Impaired ability to hear.
• Heart block: is a disease in the electrical system of the heart
• Heart failure: A condition which is characterized by an inability of the heart to pump blood efficiently and effectively
• Heart symptoms: Symptoms affecting the heart
• Heat cramps: Muscle cramps related to exertion
• Heat exhaustion: major cause of preventable morbidity worldwide
• Heat stroke: it is a life threatening condition. It is hyperthermia in an advanced state
• Heidenhain syndrome: A form of premature dementia caused by degeneration of the brain. It is considered a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Heidenhain syndrome is characterized mainly by eye problems whereas Creutzfeldt-Jakob predominantly involves ataxia.
• Helicobacter cinaedi infection: Helicobacter cinaedi is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis.
• Helicobacter fenneliae infection: Helicobacter fenneliae is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis.
• Heller-Döhle disease: Inflammation of the aorta which occurs in the later stages of a syphilis infection.
• Helminthiasis: Infection of the human body with a parasitic worm such as roundworms and pinworms. The worms usually only involve the intestinal tract but sometimes they may invade other organs. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the type of worm and the part of the body infected.
• Hemangioblastoma: A benign tumor that tends to occur in the central nervous system such as the brain and spinal cord. The tumor arises from the stem cells that develop into blood vessels or blood cells (hemangioblasts). Symptoms vary depending on the exact location and size of the tumor.
• Hemangiomatosis, familial pulmonary capillary: A rare condition involving the excessive proliferation of lung capillaries which results in pulmonary hypertension.
• Hemifacial spasm: Repeated spasms of the face muscles.
• Hemimegalencephaly: A very rare disorder where one side of the brain is bigger than the other.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial: A rare inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 1: A rare inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable with some patients experiencing paralysis on one side of the body or coma for weeks.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 2: A rare inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable with some patients experiencing problems for days. Triggers include tiredness, heat, stress and head injury.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 3: A rare, dominantly inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 4: A rare, dominantly inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Hemochromatosis: Excess of iron leading to problems with joints, liver, heart and pancreas.
• Hemochromatosis type 1: A genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. Type 1 is the most common form of the disorder, has an adult onset and is inherited recessively.
• Hemochromatosis type 2: A rare genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. Type 2 is a more severe type, has a juvenile onset and is inherited recessively.
• Hemochromatosis type 3: A rare genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. Type 3 has an onset that is between type 1 and type 2 and is inherited recessively.
• Hemochromatosis type 4: A rare genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. Type 4 has an adult onset but is inherited dominantly.
• Hemolytic anemia: A condition which is characterized by anaemia due to the destruction of red blood cells
• Hemolytic anemia, lethal - genital anomalies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by genital abnormalities and hemolytic anemia which often causes death.
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome: A rare condition characterized by acute kidney failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia (reduced blood platelet count). The condition is often caused by upper respiratory infections or infectious diarrhea.
• Hemophilus influenzae B: Bacterial respiratory infection with dangerous complications.
• Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome: A group of infectious diseases that involve bleeding, fever and kidney problems. Examples of viruses that can cause such infectious diseases include Hantan virus, Puumala virus and Seoul virus. Examples of diseases caused by viruses in this group includes epidemic nephritis, Hantaan fever and Songo fever. The virus is usually transmitted to human by rodents or biting insects such as mosquitos. The severity and range of symptoms is determined by the particular virus involved.
• Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome: A very rare severe condition characterized by sudden severe shock, brain disease and liver and kidney dysfunction which occurs in infants. The cause is unknown.
• Hemosiderosis: A rare lung condition where bleeding into the lungs causes lung damage due to the accumulation of iron. The severity of the condition is determined by the amount of bleeding.
• Hendra Virus: A paramyxoviridae virus that is transmitted from animals to humans from body fluids and excretions
• Henna-induced lead poisoning: Henna is used mainly by Middle Eastern people as a hair and skin dye. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Hepadnaviral infection: There are a number of viruses in the Hepadnavirdae family of viruses but only type B can cause infection in the human. It causes hepatitis B infection in humans. The other types of the virus can cause infection in other animals.
• Hepadnaviruses: There are a number of viruses in the Hepadnavirdae family of viruses but only type B can cause infection in the human. It causes hepatitis B infection in humans. The other types of the virus can cause infection in other animals.
• Hepadnoavirus infection: There are a number of viruses in the Hepadnavirdae family of viruses but only type B can cause infection in the human. It causes hepatitis B infection in humans. The other types of the virus can cause infection in other animals.
• Hepatitis: Any inflammation of the liver
• Hepatitis A: Contagious viral infection of the liver
• Hepatitis B: Viral liver infection spread by sex or body fluids.
• Hepatitis C: Viral liver infection spread by blood.
• Hepatitis D: Viral liver infection occurring in association with HepB.
• Hepatitis E: Viral liver infection.
• Hepatitis X: Hepatitis infection by an unknown virus not classified as HepA/B/C/D/E.
• Hepatitis X (non-A,-B,-C,-D,-E): Viral liver inflammation that cannot be determined to be one of the existing types of viral hepatitis - A,B,C,D and E.
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (fibrolamellar variant): A rare form of liver cancer. The prognosis for this variant of hepatocellular cancer is better than for hepatocellular cancer.
• Hepatoma: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver.
• Heptaosplenic T-cell Lymphoma: A rare subtype of lymphoma which originates from T-cell lymphocytes in the liver and the spleen. This form of lymphoma is considered quite aggressive. People with solid organ transplants tend to be more susceptible to this form of cancer, possibility because of the need to take immune suppressing drugs to avoid rejection of the transplanted organ.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Chaparral: Chaparral can be used as a herbal agent to treat abdominal cramps, pain and acne. The herbal agent contains a chemical called NDGA which can cause an adverse reaction in some people. Skin contact can also result in dermatitis. Patients with preexisting liver or kidney conditions are particularly susceptible to an adverse reaction to the herbal agent.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Ginkgo biloba: Ginkgo biloba can be used as a herbal agent to treat conditions such as tinnitus, brain trauma, vertigo, blood vessel diseases and any other problems which benefit from the blood vessel dilating action of the herbal agent. Ginkgo biloba can cause adverse reactions in some people.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Licorice: Licorice can be used as a herbal agent in cough medications and as a food additive in chewing gum and chewing tobacco. The herbal agent contains a chemical called glycyrrhizic acid which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Margosa oil: Margosa oil can be used as a herbal agent to treat parasitic infestations. The herbal agent contains various chemicals which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Pennyroyal Oil: Pennyroyal Oil can be used as a herbal agent to treat delayed menstruation and as an insect repellent. The herbal agent can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Autumn Crocus: Autumn crocus can be used as a herbal agent to treat gout and rheumatoid conditions. The herbal agent contains chemicals such as colchicine and the ingestion of excessive amounts of this can result in symptoms. Severe overdose can result in death and chronic ingestion can also cause harmful effects.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Cottonseed: Cottonseed can be used as a herbal agent used to reduce male fertility in China. The herbal agent contains a chemical called gossyphol which can cause various overdose symptoms if ingested in excessive quantities.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Germanium: Germanium is used as a health food supplement mainly in Japan but it can cause various problems if too much is taken. Chronic use and the ingestion of a large amount at one time can result in overdose symptoms.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Ginseng: Ginseng can be used as a herbal agent, usually in the form of a tea, to help combat stress. Excessive doses of ginseng can cause overdose symptoms - 3 to 15 g per day for a number of years can cause overdose symptoms.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Golden Seal: Golden seal can be used as a herbal agent to treat a variety of conditions - bleeding after birth, mucosal inflammation, constipation, hemorrhoids. The herbal agent contains chemicals (alkaloid hydrastine, berberine) which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Hawthorn: Hawthorn can be used as a herbal agent to treat heart blood vessel problems such as angina and abnormal heart rhythm as well as other heart problems. It also has some sedative properties. The active ingredients are flavonoid, catechin and epicatechin which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Horse Chestnuts: Horse Chestnuts can be used as a herbal agent to treat varicose veins, improve blood circulation through veins and to prevent fluid buildup following operations. The herbal agent contains a chemical called aesculin which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken. As little as one seed can cause symptoms such as headache and vomiting in some people.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Lobelia: Lobelia can be used as a herbal agent to treat respiratory congestion, muscle spasms and to assist in quitting smoking. The herbal agent contains a certain chemicals which can imitate the effects of nicotine but which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Peppermint Oil: Peppermint Oil can be used as an antispasmodic (to treat nausea, dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome) and as an antibacterial. The herbal agent contains various chemicals (menthol, menthone, methyl acetate) which can cause symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Rhubarb: Rhubarb can be used as a herbal agent to treat constipation. Excessive intake of rhubarb can result in overdose symptoms.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Sabah vegetable: Sabah vegetable can be used as a herbal agent to treat obesity and prevent vision problems. The herbal agent contains a chemical (papvarine alkaloids) which can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Valerian: Valerian can be used as a herbal agent to improve sleep and to treat anxiety, headaches, panic attacks and abdominal cramps. The herbal agent contains chemicals which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Hereditary Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder where too much iron is absorbed from food and it is stored in various parts of the body which can cause damage. There are 4 types of hemochromatosis and they are distinguished by age of onset, genetic cause and type of inheritance. Some sufferers may be asymptomatic.
• Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: A slow-progressing degeneration of the tract that connects the brain to the spinal cord (corticospinal tract) resulting in muscle spasticity, weakness and paralysis. The severity of symptoms is determined by the nature and extent of the damage.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency: An inherited deficiency of carnitine resulting primarily in muscle problems. Severe symptoms can be triggered by periods of illness or fasting.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency myopathy: An inherited deficiency of carnitine resulting primarily in muscle weakness.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency syndrome: An inherited deficiency of carnitine resulting primarily in muscle weakness. The carnitine deficiency may be due to excessive loss of insufficient production.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency syndrome, myopathic: An inherited deficiency of carnitine in muscles resulting primarily in muscle weakness - generally less severe than the systemic form.
• Hereditary carnitine deficiency syndrome, systemic: An inherited deficiency of carnitine in tissues other than the muscles resulting primarily in muscle weakness.
• Hereditary elliptocytosis: An inherited blood disorder where a significant number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) are elliptical or oval shaped rather than doughnut shaped. The condition is often asymptomatic but anemia can result when the abnormal red blood cells are destroyed.
• Hereditary hypothyroidism: Hereditary hypothyroidism is a condition in which there is a defect in the thyroid gland which leads to increased production of TSH reduced production of thyroid hormone.
• Hereditary inclusion body myopathy - joint contractures - ophthalmoplegia: A very rare, dominantly inherited genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting, joint contractures at birth and ophthalmoplegia. Muscle function problems usually don't start until the 4th or 5th decade of life.
• Hereditary methemoglobinemia, recessive, type II: A rare inherited blood disorder where the hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying part of red blood cells) can't bind with oxygen which impairs the oxygen supply to parts of the body, especially during exertion when more oxygen is needed by the body. The type II form of Gibson syndrome is more severe than type I and is characterized by cyanosis as well as neurological problems, mental deficiency and various other anomalies. Type I has enzyme deficiency (cytochrome B5 reductase) only in the red blood cells whereas in Type II the enzyme deficiency occurs in other body cells as well as red blood cells.
• Hereditary myopathy with intranuclear filamentous: An inherited muscle disease whose pathology involves abnormal filamentous inclusions in the nucleus of the muscle cells.
• Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: A rare disorder where the peripheral nerves are more sensitive to pressure than normal which results in recurring periods of numbness, tingling and sometimes loss of muscle function. The condition can affect one or more nerves such as the carpal tunnel nerve. Permanent damage to peripheral nerves can result from recurring episodes. The severity of symptoms are greatly variable from virtually asymptomatic to disability.
• Hereditary nodular heterotopia: A rare inherited disorder where a part of the brain tissue is misplaced during development. More specifically, nodules of brain tissue is in various parts of the brain.
• Hereditary peripheral nervous disorder: A group of inherited disorders affecting the peripheral nerves (nerves other than the brain and spinal cord). The motor, sensory and/or autonomic nerves may be affected. Examples of such conditions includes Dejerine-Sottas disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
• Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 3: A very rare inherited disorder affecting the peripheral and autonomic nervous system and characterized by reduced tear production, excessive sweating, poor body temperature control, blood pressure problems, impaired sensation and poor muscle control.
• Hereditary spastic paralysis, infantile onset ascending: A rare inherited progressive condition where the muscles of the arms, legs and face become increasingly weak and stiff due to damage to nerve cells that control muscle movement. The legs are affected first and then the arms and face - the symptoms ascend up the body. This condition involves mutations in the same gene and overlapping symptoms with juvenile primary lateral sclerosis but the difference is that primary lateral sclerosis only involves degeneration of the upper motor neurons whereas infantile-onset spastic paralysis is more severe and involves degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons.
• Heroin overdose: Heroin is an illegal and highly addictive recreational drug. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Heroin withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when heroin use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Herpes simplex encephalitis: A form of encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus and characterized by fever, headache and neurological symptoms.
• Herpes, Neonatal: Neonatal herpes is the infection of a newborn with the herpes virus within the first six weeks of life. The virus may be transmitted from the mother to the baby while it is still in the uterus or during delivery. The risk of transmitting the virus is highest if genital herpes is contracted during the late stages of the pregnancy. A mother with long standing or recurring herpes infection usually has sufficient antibodies to the virus to prevent the infant becoming infected. Neonatal herpes can also be contracted when an infant comes into contact with an infected person e.g. being kissed by and adult with cold sores. A cesarean birth may be advised for mothers who have active genital lesions.
• Herpes, Neonatal - Central Nervous System Infection: Central nervous system herpes infection in neonates is a herpes infection of the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord) that develops in infants within the first six weeks of life. The virus may be transmitted from the mother to the baby while it is still in the uterus or during delivery. The risk of transmitting the virus is highest if genital herpes is contracted during the late stages of the pregnancy. A mother with long standing or recurring herpes infection usually has sufficient antibodies to the virus to prevent the infant becoming infected. Neonatal herpes can also be contracted when an infant comes into contact with an infected person e.g. being kissed by and adult with cold sores. A cesarean birth may be advised for mothers who have active genital lesions. Central nervous system infection will occur in nearly three quarters of infants with a herpes infection.
• Herpes, Neonatal - Disseminated: Disseminated neonatal herpes is a widespread infection of a newborn with the herpes virus within the first six weeks of life. The virus may be transmitted from the mother to the baby while it is still in the uterus or during delivery. The risk of transmitting the virus is highest if genital herpes is contracted during the late stages of the pregnancy. A mother with long standing or recurring herpes infection usually has sufficient antibodies to the virus to prevent the infant becoming infected. Neonatal herpes can also be contracted when an infant comes into contact with an infected person e.g. being kissed by and adult with cold sores. A cesarean birth may be advised for mothers who have active genital lesions. Brain infection will occur in over half of infants with the disseminated form.
• Herring poisoning (clupeotoxin): Some herrings contain toxins (Clupeotoxin) which can be poisonous to humans if eaten. Heat does not destroy the toxin and there is still uncertainty as to the origin of the toxin. The toxin appears to be present in higher concentrations in summer and is believed to be possible linked to the consumption of toxic food in its food web. The size and age of the herring does not appear to be related to the toxicity. The herrings are found in coastal waters off Africa and the Caribbean, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
• Hersh-Podruch-Weisskopk syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive retinal damage, mental retardation and deafness.
• Heterotopia, periventricular, associated with chromosome 5p anomalies: A rare developmental brain abnormality. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 5p.
• Heterotopia, periventricular, autosomal recessive: A rare, recessively inherited developmental brain abnormality. Type 2 is caused by a defect on chromosome 20q13.13.
• High altitude cerebral edema: Brain condition related to high altitude.
• High blood pressure: Excessive blood pressure.
• High sodium: High blood sodium levels (hypernatremia)
• Hip Flexor strain: Damage to the hip flexor muscle due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Hip cancer: The presence of tumour growth in the bone of the hip, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast; cancer affecting bone of hip likely to affect other bones e.g. vertebra, ribs
• Hip muscle strain: Damage to the hip muscle due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Hirschsprung disease ganglioneuroblastoma: A rare disorder characterized by an intestinal defect tumors of the nerves.
• Histoplasmosis: Lung infection from fungus Histoplasma capsulatum
• Hodgkin lymphoma, childhood: A type of cancer that originates from lymphocytes (white blood cells). It is more common during adolescence but can occur during childhood.
• Hodgkin lymphoma, during pregnancy: A cancer of the lymph system that occurs during pregnancy. The dilemma is that treatment can't be initiated until the baby is delivered or terminated. If the pregnancy is in the early stages, termination is recommended. If the pregnancy is in the later stages when the lymphoma occurs, the baby is usually delivered as early as safely possible in order to commence cancer treatment as soon as possible. The more prompt the treatment, the better the prognosis.
• Hodgkin's Disease: A form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
• Hodgkin's disease, adult: A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system in adults. The lymphatic system forms part of the body's immune system. This type of cancer can also occur in children.
• Hodgkin's disease, childhood: A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system in children. The lymphatic system forms part of the body's immune system. This type of cancer can also occur in children.
• Hoigné syndrome: Embolism (blood vessel blockage) and neurological problems associated with a procaine penicillin injection into the muscle. The condition is believed to be caused by some of the drug getting into the blood stream.
• Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency: An inherited disorder where the enzymes that use the vitamin biotin are defective.
• Holoprosencephaly: A rare disorder where abnormalities of the fetal forebrain development lead to various birth defects.
• Homocystinuria: A rare inherited metabolic disorder involving the amino acid methionine and resulting in a harmful accumulation of homocysteine in the body.
• Homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: A rare genetic biochemical disorder where a deficiency of cystathionine beta-synthase results in high levels of methionine and homocysteine in the blood and reduced levels of cyteine in the blood. There are two subtypes of the disorder with varying manifestations. One type responds to Vitmain B6 supplementation and the other doesn't. Those who do respond to Vitamin B6 tend to have milder manifestations.
• Homocystinuria due to defect in methylation (cbl g): An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (methionine synthase) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects. It is a form of vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Homocystinuria due to defect in methylation cbl e: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (methionine synthase reductase) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects. It is a form of vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Homocystinuria syndrome: A rare genetic connective tissue disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency and characterized by dislocation of eye lens, malar flush and osteoporosis.
• Homozygotic Alpha 1 antitrypsin Defeciency: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that can cause lung disease in adults and liver disease in adults and children
• Homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia: Inherited low blood betalipoprotein level. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by whether or not there are some betalipoproteins in the body.
• Hookworm: Worm spread through feces with poor sanitation.
• Horseshoe Crab poisoning: The Asiatic horseshoe crab is eaten mainly in parts of Asia. Various parts of the crab become toxic during the reproductive season - flesh, unlaid green eggs and viscera. Poisoning most often occurs in Thailand. Eating the crabs should be avoided during reproductive season as poisoning can readily result in death.
• Howard-Young syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, facial cleft and an extra big toe.
• Human HOXA1 Syndromes: Human HOXA1 syndromes are very rare conditions caused by genetic defects involving the HOXA1 gene. The severity of the condition is highly variable depending on the extent of the defect and inheritance pattern. The most severe form is Bosley-Salih-Alorainy syndrome which involves a homozygous mutation. Other manifestations of the genetic defect are Athabaskan Brainstem Dysgenesis syndrome and Navajo Brainstem syndrome. The gene is involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, inner ear and the hindbrain so defects tend to involve mainly these parts of the body.
• Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: A rare infectious condition caused by infection with a type of bacteria called Ehrlichia (Anaplasma phagocytophilia) which attack granulocytes (a type of white blood cell). The infection is transmitted by the deer and American dog tick.
• Human monocytic ehrlichiosis: A rare infectious condition caused by infection with a type of bacteria called Ehrlichia (Ehrlichia chaffeensis) which attack monocytes(a type of white blood cell). The infection is transmitted by the Lone Star and American dog tick.
• Human parvovirus B19 infection: An infectious disease caused by parovirus B19 which causes fifth disease and erythema infectiosum.
• Humidifier lung: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with pathogens such as amoeba and certain bacteria can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Acanthamoeba spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Acanthamoeba spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Bacillus spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Bacillus spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Naegleria gruberi: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Naegleria gruberi) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Penicillum spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Penicillum spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Huntington's disease: Inherited disease causing progressive mental deterioration.
• Hydranencephaly: A very rare condition where fluid replaces a portion of the brain.
• Hydrocarbon poisoning: Excessive ingestion of hydrocarbon compounds such as turpentine, pine oil, cleaning agents, fuel, polishes, kerosene and car products.
• Hydrocephalus autosomal recessive: A rare, recessively inherited disorder where there is an abnormal buildup of fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) inside the skull.
• Hydrocodone overdose: Hydrocodone is a prescription drug used mainly to treat pain. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Hydrocodone withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Hydrocodone use is discontinued or reduced. Hydrocodone is pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Hydroid poisoning: Hydroids are a type of jellyfish commonly found in the warmer oceans of the world.
• Hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, type 2, deficiency: A rare genetic disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme (hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase). The severity of the symptoms is highly variable with some cases resulting in death during the first decade while others suffer psychomotor and regression. Some cases simply involve developmental delay.
• Hydroxykynureninuria: A rare genetic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme kynureninase (a vitamin B6) causes physical and mental problems. The deficiency can also occur in an acquired form which tends to be less severe.
• Hyperadrenalism: Excessive levels of adrenal hormones in the body. Symptoms depend on which hormone is involved and the degree of involvement. Adrenal hormones are aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Hyperaldosteronism-induced hypertension: Hyperaldosteronism -induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by excessive production of a hormone called aldosterone by the adrenal glands. The high blood pressure often responds poorly to the usual medications. Death can result in severe cases.
• Hyperandrogenism: Excessive levels of androgen (male sex hormones) that can occur in males and females.
• Hyperbilirubinemia: Excessive bilirubin (a bile pigment) in the blood.
• Hypercalcemia: Raised blood calcium levels
• Hyperchromic Anemia: Hyperchromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which contain abnormally high amounts of haemoglobin as well as a reduced number of red blood cells. This anomaly is often caused by such things as Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anemia.
• Hypercoagulability syndrome, due to glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency: A genetic disorder where the deficiency of a glycolipid called glycosylphosphatidylinositol causes seizures and blood coagulation problems.
• Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 2: A rare inborn urea cycle disorder characterized by an enzyme defect in the amino acid transporter gene SLC7A7 (positive amino acid transporter).
• Hyperekplexia and epilepsy: A rare genetic disorder characterized by progressively severe epilepsy and hyperekplexia. The condition is caused by a defect on chromosome Xq22.1.
• Hyperexplexia: A rare condition where the startle reflex is exaggerated. Triggers include sudden noise, movement or touch.
• Hyperglycinemia: Increased blood levels of glycine. There are two types of hyperglycinemia (ketotic and nonketotic) with different symptoms.
• Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4: A disorder where too much insulin causes low blood sugar in infants. Prompt treatment is needed to avoid the brain being damaged by repeated periods of low blood sugar. The various types of familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia are distinguished by their genetic origin. HHF4 is due to a mutation in the gene for 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase on chromosome 4q22-q26.
• Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 5: A disorder where too much insulin causes low blood sugar in infants. Prompt treatment is needed to avoid the brain being damaged by repeated periods of low blood sugar. The various types of familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia are distinguished by their genetic origin. HHF5 is due to a mutation in the insulin receptor gene on chromosome 19p13.2.
• Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 6: A disorder where too much insulin causes low blood sugar in infants. Prompt treatment is needed to avoid the brain being damaged by repeated periods of low blood sugar. The various types of familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia are distinguished by their genetic origin. HHF6 is due to a mutation in the GLUD1 gene on chromosome 10q23.3.
• Hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency: An inherited condition characterized by high insulin levels due to deficiency of glucokinase. The lack of glucokinase prevents the pancreas from detecting low blood sugar so insulin continues to be secreted which keeps the blood sugar level low. Severe symptoms such as seizures and coma can result if sugar levels drop too low.
• Hyperinsulinism due to glutamodehydrogenase deficiency: An inherited condition characterized by high insulin and ammonia levels in the blood due to an enzyme deficiency (glutamate dehydrogenase). Episodes of low blood sugar can be triggered by fasting for too long or eating a protein meal. Severe symptoms such as seizures and coma can result if sugar levels drop too low.
• Hyperinsulinism in children, congenital: A rare inherited condition characterized by high insulin levels which cause low blood sugar. Severe symptoms such as seizures and coma can result if sugar levels drop too low.
• Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis: A rare inherited genetic condition characterized by temporary periods of severe muscle weakness. The condition tends to be more severe in males and can be triggered by stress, fasting, rest after exercise and eating foods high in potassium.
• Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where ammonia builds up in the body due to a defect in the transport of ornithine which prevents ammonia being converted to urea and being excreted through the urine. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Hyperostosis frontalis interna: A disorder where the front bone of the skull becomes thicker than normal.
• Hyperoxia: A high level of oxygen in body tissues. It can be caused by exposure to high atmospheric pressure or long term inhalation of high oxygen concentrations. The high levels of oxygen may affect the lungs, nervous system or the eyes and thus can result in varying symptoms.
• Hyperparathyroidism: Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands.
• Hyperparathyroidism, neonatal severe primary: A very rare disorder where high levels of parathyroid levels affects the body's use of calcium. The bones lack sufficiency calcification and become weak.
• Hyperparathyroidism, primary: A rare genetic disorder where excessive activity of the parathyroid gland causes increased blood calcium levels which can cause various problems.
• Hyperphalangism - dysmorphy - bronchomalacia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by finger and toe abnormalities, unusual facial features and narrowed airways.
• Hyperprolinemia type 2: A rare metabolic abnormality involving a deficiency of a particular enzyme (Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase) which affects amino acid metabolism and causes mental retardation and convulsions.
• Hypertension due to bilateral renal artery stenosis: Hypertension due to bilateral renal artery stenosis is high blood pressure resulting from narrowing kidney blood vessels which prevents the blood from flowing through the kidneys properly.
• Hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta: Hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta is high blood pressure resulting from a birth defect where a heart blood vessel called the aorta is abnormally narrowed. The high blood pressure tends to affect mainly the upper part of the body. Babies and very young children tend to have more severe symptoms as the degree of narrowing tends to be greater than in older children or adults.
• Hypertension of pregnancy: Pregnancy hypertension is the development of high blood pressure during pregnancy. Hypertension is a serious health condition due to the fact that it often causes no symptoms until it is severe. The increased blood pressure can cause complications in pregnancy women e.g. eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. The blood pressure usually returns to normal after delivery.
• Hypertensive heart disease: Heart disease that is caused by hypertension
• Hyperthermia induced defects: A rare disorder where hypothermia during pregnancy results in infant abnormalities involving growth, development and brain dysfunction.
• Hyperthyroidism: The excessive activity of the thyroid gland
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Heart damage from thickened heart walls.
• Hypertrophic neuropathy of Dejerine-Sottas: An inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: A heart condition involving thickening of parts of the heart (usually the muscle wall separating the heart chambers) which reduces the size of the heart chambers (specifically the left ventricle). This abnormally thick heart muscle restricts the outflow of blood from the left heart ventricle and results in heart muscle disease. The condition is considered to be uncommon but not rare with as many as 1 in 500 people affected. The condition is usually caused by a genetic defect and the severity of the condition is variable.
• Hypoadrenalism: Reduced adrenal gland activity.
• Hypoadrenocorticism - hypoparathyroidism - moniliasis: An autoimmune disorder where hormone production by various glands is reduced. The main features of the disorder are Addison disease and/or hypoparathyroidism and/or chronic candidiasis.
• Hypobetalipoproteinaemia - ataxia - hearing loss: A rare disorder characterized by the association of low blood betalipoprotein level, ataxia and hearing loss.
• Hypocalcemia: Low blood calcium levels
• Hypocalcemia, autosomal dominant: A dominantly inherited disorder of phosphate and calcium metabolism which results in low blood calcium levels. The severity of the condition is highly variable with some patients being asymptomatic.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels
• Hypoglycemia with deficiency of glycogen synthetase in the liver: A rare condition where low blood sugar is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme called glycogen synthetase in the liver. Symptoms tend to occur after periods of fasting.
• Hypokalemia: Abnormally low levels of potassium in the blood.
• Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: A rare inherited muscle condition characterized by periods of severe muscle weakness or paralysis which can last from hours to days. Episodes can occur as often as daily or only rarely.
• Hypomagnesemia 4, renal: A recessively inherited kidney disorder resulting in low blood magnesium levels due to its excessive excretion by the kidneys. This form of hypomagnesemia involves normal urinary and serum levels of calcium.
• Hypomagnesemia caused by selective magnesium malabsorption: A rare genetic disorder which causes low blood magnesium and results in low calcium levels also. Death can occur if left untreated. The condition is believed to results from abnormal intestinal absorption of magnesium rather than the excessive secretion of magnesium via malfunctioning kidneys.
• Hypomagnesemia primary: Low blood magnesium levels which is caused by the abnormal absorption and excretion of the mineral and can be caused by such things as kidney problems and intestinal malabsorption.
• Hypomelanosis of Ito: A rare genetic neurocutaneous disorder characterized by unusual patterns of depigmented skin and associated disorders such as seizures, psychomotor retardation and eye abnormalities.
• Hypomyelination neuropathy - arthrogryposis: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by insufficient myelination of peripheral nerves and contractures at birth. The myelin sheath is a protective coating around nerves.
• Hypoparathyroidism: causesd by lack of PTH
• Hypoparathyroidism - short stature - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by low parathyroid hormone level, short stature and mental retardation.
• Hypoparathyroidism X-linked: Low parathyroid levels inherited in a X-linked manner and hence only males are symptomatic and females are asymptomatic carriers.
• Hypoparathyroidism familial isolated: A rare familial condition involving low levels of parathyroid hormone which upsets the body's ability to regulate calcium and phosphate. The severity of symptoms is determined by the how low the parathyroid hormone level is.
• Hypophosphatasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short limbs, dwarfism and general lack of bone calcification.
• Hypophosphatemia: Low blood phosphate levels. Causes include malnourishment, chronic alcoholism excessive carbohydrate consumption, malabsorption, phosphaturia, liver failure, respiratory alkalosis and certain genetic disorders.
• Hypophosphatemic rickets: A rare genetic type of rickets involving defective phosphate transport and vitamin D metabolism in the kidneys. Poor calcium absorption from the intestines leads to bone softening.
• Hypopigmented lesions in children:
• Hypopituitarism - micropenis - cleft lip palate: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by low pituitary hormone level, small penis and a cleft lip and palate.
• Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: A rare condition where an infant is born with an underdeveloped left side of the heart which prevents the heart from pumping oxygenated blood efficiently to various parts of the body.
• Hypopnea syndrome: Hypopnea Syndrome is a condition in which an individual experiences severe shallow breathing or a slow rate of airflow during sleep.
• Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism: A rare condition where low levels of renin result in insufficient aldosterone being produced.
• Hypothalamic dysfunction: Abnormal function of the thalamus located in the brain. The thalamus controls pituitary gland function which in turn controls other hormone producing glands such as the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, ovaries and testes. The thalamus also regulates functions such as temperature control, emotions, sleep, appetite and salt balance. Abnormal thalamus functioning may be caused by such things as surgery, infection, genetic disorders, poor nutrition and tumors.
• Hypothalamic hamartomas: A benign congenital tumor that develops on or near the hypothalamus.
• Hypothyroid goitre: Goitre is the enlargement of the thyroid gland and hypothyroid state is characterized by increased TSH levels and decreased T3 and T4 levels circulating in the body.
• Hypothyroidism due to iodide transport defect: Low thyroid hormone levels in infants due to abnormal iodide transport in the body caused by a genetic defect. The severity of the condition varies depending on the extent of the defect and the length of time taken to diagnose the condition. Symptoms tend to become worse, the longer the condition is undiagnosed.
• Hypotonia - failure to thrive - microcephaly: A rare fatal metabolic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, failure to thrive and a small head. The disease is caused by a deficiency of Leukotriene C4 synthase.
• Hypotonia, congenital nystagmus, ataxia and abnormal auditory brainstem response: A very rare syndrome characterized by reduced muscle tone and nystagmus in infants and ataxia. The electrical signals in nerves that send messages from the ears to the brain were abnormal but usually there were no hearing problems
• Hypotonia-cystinuria syndrome: A genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, growth hormone deficiency and unusual facial appearance. Failure to thrive occurs during the first years of life but is replaced by rapid weight gain in later childhood. This syndrome is a milder form of the 2p21 deletion syndrome.
• IBIDS syndrome: A rare inherited skin disorder characterized by red, dry, scaly skin (I - ichthyosis), brittle hair (B), impaired physical and mental development (I), decreased fertility (D) and short stature (S). It is the same as PIBIDS syndrome but doesn't involve photosensitivity.
• IMAGe syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by retarded fetal growth, abnormal bone development, underdeveloped adrenal glands and genital abnormalities.
• Ichthyohepatotoxication: Ichthyohepatotoxication is a condition caused by eating the liver of certain fish. It is believed that the high vitamin A content of the liver leads to vitamin A overdose and the resulting symptoms. Tropical shark livers are associated with this condition.
• Ichthyosis and male hypogonadism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scaly skin and insufficient hormone production by the male gonads.
• Ichthyosis male hypogonadism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by scaly skin and insufficient hormone production by the male gonads.
• Ichythosiform Erythroderma with Leukocyte Vacuolation: A rare inherited disorder involving the metabolism of fat which causes skin, muscle and blood abnormalities. The body is unable to metabolize (break down) triglycerides so they build up in various tissues throughout the body. The severity of the symptoms is variable as the body tissues and organs affected varies amongst patients.
• Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is Parkinson's disease for which no particular cause can be determined - it is the most prevalent form of the condition. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia: An acute lung disorder involving the infiltration of eosinophils into the lung tissue with no apparent cause.
• Idiopathic alveolar hypoventilation syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a reduced breathing rate despite no respiratory system abnormalities. The cause of the condition is unknown.
• Idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, childhood onset: A rare disorder involving the buildup of calcium deposits in various parts of the brain. It manifests as degeneration of the nervous system.
• Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare blood disorder where the bone marrow produces too many eosinophils over a long period of time which can cause organ or tissue damage. The disorder can affect and part of the body but most often affects the skin, heart and nervous system. The increased eosinophil production continues for a long period of time (at least 6 months) and there is no apparent cause.
• Idiopathic myopathy: A rare condition involving inflammation of the skeletal muscles which become weak and wasted.
• Imerslünd-Grasbeck Syndrome: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Immune symptoms: Symptoms affecting the immune system
• Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis: A disease characterized by the abnormal deposit of amyloid in various parts of the body, especially organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract and peripheral nerves. It occurs when plasma cells in the bone marrow produce too much of a protein portion of an antibody called the light chain. The exact symptoms are determined by the extent of the organ involvement.
• Immunosuppressive Measles Encephalitis: A rare complication of the measles virus. Some patients with a history of measles before the age of two develop progressive brain inflammation. The condition is rare and tends to only occur only in immunosuppressed children e.g. those who have acute lymphocytic leukemia. Symptoms may develop suddenly and tends to occur from weeks to months after the measles has resolved.
• Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder: A group of inherited disorders where the body is not able to metabolize amino acids consumed in the diet. Amino acids are a part of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and are metabolized in order to provide energy or to make other needed compounds. There are many steps involved in metabolism and the severity can be greatly variable depending on the exact nature of the disorder.
• Inborn errors of thyroid hormone synthesis related to hypothyroidism: Congenital hypothyroidism is inadequate thyroid hormone production in newborn infants. This can occur because of an anatomic defect in the gland, an inborn error of thyroid metabolism, or iodine deficiency.
• Inborn urea cycle disorder: A genetic disorder involving a deficiency of one of the enzymes needed in the urea cycle. The urea cycle is the process of removing ammonia from blood stream by converting it to urea and excreting it via urine. A build-up of ammonia in the blood is toxic to the body and can cause serious brain damage. The progressively severe symptoms usually become obvious within the first few weeks of birth. Nevertheless, mild or partial enzyme deficiencies may cause little or no symptoms or symptoms that don't start until later in life.
• Inclusion Body Myositis: Progressive inflammatory muscle disease causing muscle weakness.
• Inclusion body myopathy 3, autosomal dominant: A very rare, dominantly inherited genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting, joint contractures at birth and ophthalmoplegia. Muscle function problems usually don't start until the 4th or 5th decade of life.
• Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia: An inherited muscle wasting disorder associated with dementia and bone disease.
• Inclusion body myopathy, 2 autosomal recessive: A very rare, recessively inherited genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting in the arms and legs. The distinctive feature of this particular disorder is the fact that that the thigh muscles are usually spared.
• Inclusion body myopathy, autosomal dominant: A dominantly inherited muscle wasting disorder in which the thigh muscles are affected first. The rate of progression and severity can vary amongst patients.
• Inclusion body myopathy, type 3: A dominantly inherited muscle wasting disorder in which the thigh and chest muscles are affected first. The rate of progression and severity can vary amongst patients. Contractures occur from birth and muscle weakness becomes progressive during adulthood (usually between the ages of 30 and 50 years).
• Inclusion body myopathy, type 3 (IBM3): A dominantly inherited muscle wasting disorder in which the thigh and chest muscles are affected first. The rate of progression and severity can vary amongst patients. Contractures occur from birth and muscle weakness becomes progressive during adulthood (usually between the ages of 30 and 50 years).
• Inclusion body myopathy, type 3, autosomal dominant: A dominantly inherited muscle wasting disorder in which the thigh and chest muscles are affected first. The rate of progression and severity can vary amongst patients. Contractures occur from birth and muscle weakness becomes progressive during adulthood (usually between the ages of 30 and 50 years).
• Incontinentia Pigmenti: A rare genetic skin pigmentation disorder characterized by eye, teeth, bone, nail and hair malformations as well as central nervous abnormalities and mental deficiency.
• Indandione rodenticide poisoning: Indandione is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• India tick typhus: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Indian Tobacco poisoning: The Indian Tobacco plant contains alkaloids such as lobeline which can result in similar effects to nicotine. The plant is sometimes used in herbal preparations which is usually how poisoning occurs.
• Indian tick fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Infant botulism food poisoning: Very dangerous food poisoning needing medical attention.
• Infant epilepsy with migrant focal crisis: A rare disorder characterized by infant epilepsy and progressive brain disease.
• Infantile Refsum Disease: Genetic disease affecting nerve and muscle control.
• Infantile convulsions and paroxysmal choreoathetosis, familial: A very rare inherited syndrome characterized mainly by convulsions during infancy and choreoathetosis which can occur randomly or be triggered by certain stimuli such as exercise.
• Infantile epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy: A genetic disorder characterized by severe epilepsy and dyskinesia that starts during infancy. This form of the condition is caused by a defect on the ARX gene.
• Infantile onset spinocerebellar ataxia: A rare disorder that has neurological origins and causes progressive ataxia, impaired tendon reflexes, abnormal limb movements, and sensory, eye muscle and hearing impairment.
• Infantile parkinsonism: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by a defect in the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. The enzyme is needed to convert phenylalanine to dopamine.
• Infantile polymyoclonus: A rare disorder characterized by involuntary muscle jerking and rapid eye movements. The condition is not progressive and symptoms go through periods of improvement and deterioration.
• Infantile sialic acid storage disorder: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of sialic acid in the tissues and excretion of sialic acid in the urine. The disorder results in death within the first few years of life - usually in infancy.
• Infantile spasms: A condition which is characterized by brief muscular spasms in infants
• Infantile spasms - broad thumbs: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by spasms during infancy and broad thumbs.
• Infantile striato-thalamic degeneration: A very rare disorder involving degeneration of part of the brain - thalamus and striatum.
• Infectious CFS: Infectious chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic fatigue condition which may follow severe infections - viral or other. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Infectious diarrhea: Infectious digestive infections causing diarrhea.
• Infectious meningitis: Infectious meningitis is meningitis caused by bacterial, viral, or protozoan infection. Most of the agents known to cause meningitis are infectious, but very few people exposed to them will get meningitis. Those at greatest danger include people with AIDS, infants, transplant patients, and others whose immune systems may be compromised.
• Infectious myocarditis: Inflammation of the muscle of the heart (myocardium) due to an infection. It often occurs as a complication of various bacterial, viral or parasitic infections such as rubella, polio and rheumatic fever.
• Infective myositis: Inflammation of the skeletal muscles due to any type of infection - bacterial, viral or parasitic.
• Inhalant abuse: Inhalant abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Inhalants include gasoline, adhesives, solvents, and aerosols. These inhalants can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Inhalant addiction: Inhalant addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse inhalants (e.g. inhaling them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Inhalants are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Inhalants includes glues, shoe polish, household cleaners, room deodorizers and nail polish removers.
• Inherited spherocytic anemia: Inherited Spherocytic anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that are shaped like a sphere (spherocytes) rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormal cells are broken down prematurely resulting in a shortage of red blood cells (anemia).
• Insect sting allergies: When a person has an allergic reaction at the site of an insect sting
• Insomnia: feeling of melancholy
• Insulin-resistance syndrome, type A: A syndrome characterized by insulin resistance resulting in distinctive skin lesions called acanthosis nigricans. It is the least severe form of insulin resistance.
• Insulinoma: A rare form of pancreatic cancer that causes excessive secretion of the hormone insulin. A relatively small number of cases are malignant.
• Intercostal neuralgia: Nerve pain affecting the ribs
• Interstitial lung disease: Any condition which affects the interstitium of the lungs
• Intestinal capillariasis: Infection with a type of roundworm (Capillaria phillipinensis) found in the Phillipines and Thailand. Infection can occur by eating raw contaminated freshwater fish.
• Intestinal pseudo-obstruction: A digestive disorder where the intestines are unable to contract normally and push food through the digestive system. This results in symptoms similar to an obstruction and hence the name pseudo-obstruction. The walls of the affected gastrointestinal tract becomes thin and the muscles that control its motion start to degenerate.
• Intestinal pseudoobstruction chronic idiopathic: A digestive disorder where the intestines are unable to contract normally and push food through the digestive system. This results in symptoms similar to an obstruction and hence the name pseudoobstruction. The condition has no obvious cause.
• Intracranial Hemorrhages: Bleeding inside the skull. The condition is a medical emergency and the greater the bleeding, the more severe the condition.
• Intracranial arachnoid cysts: A rare disorder involving a fluid-filled cysts on the arachnoid membrane which is one of the thin layers of tissue that form a membrane which covers the brain. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size and location of the cyst.
• Intracranial arteriovenous malformation: A congenital malformation where there is an opening that connects an artery with a vein inside the brain. Severity of symptoms is determined by the extent of the malformation.
• Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A slow growing malignant cancer that occurs in the bile ducts in the liver.
• Intrapartum Eclampsia: Intrapartum eclampsia is the development of seizures or coma in pregnant women suffering from high blood pressure. Intrapartum means that it occurs during the delivery of the baby. Eclampsia is a serious condition which requires urgent medical treatment. Eclampsia may be associated with moderate as well as significant increases in blood pressure. The blood pressure can return to normal after delivery or may persist for a period of time.
• Intrauterine growth retardation - metaphyseal dysplasia - adrenal hypoplasia congenita - genital anomalies: A rare syndrome characterized by retarded fetal growth, abnormal bone development, underdeveloped adrenal glands and genital abnormalities.
• Intrinsic factor, congenital deficiency of: A very rare disorder where a deficiency of a protein called intrinsic factor prevents vitamin B12 from being absorbed from the stomach. Thus, vitamin B12 deficiency occurs which leads to anemia.
• Invasive candidiasis: Severe fungal infection usually in immunocompromised persons
• Involuntary movements: The involuntary movement of the musculoskeletal system
• Iris dysplasia hypertelorism deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by widely spaced eyes, deafness and an abnormality of the iris of the eye.
• Iris dysplasia with ocular hypertelorism, psychomotor retardation and sensorineural deafness: A rare syndrome characterized by wide-set eyes, psychomotor retardation, deafness and an eye abnormality.
• Iron deficiency: When there is a deficiency of iron in the body
• Iron deficiency anemia: Iron-deficiency anemia is a blood condition characterized by low levels of iron in the body which leads to a reduction in the number of red blood cells.
• Isaacs syndrome: A rare disorder where muscles suffer from stiffness and cramping, particularly limb muscles.
• Isobutyric aciduria: An extremely rare metabolic disorder where the body is unable to metabolize certain proteins properly. More specifically, an insufficient level of the enzyme (isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to metabolize the amino acid valine. The onset and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: An extremely rare genetic condition where the body is unable to metabolize certain proteins properly. More specifically, an insufficient level of the enzyme (isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to metabolize the amino acid valine.
• Isoniazid-induced Sideroblastic anemia: Drug-induced sideroblastic anemia is a blood disorder caused by taking a drug called isoniazid. The body has sufficient iron levels but is unable to utilise it properly in red blood cells. The iron becomes abnormally deposited in red blood cells which make them unable to function properly.
• Israeli spotted fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Japanese encephalitis: A form of encephalitis caused by a flavivirus (Japanese B encephalitis virus - JBEV) and transmitted by mosquito bites. Most cases are mild and asymptomatic but severe cases can lead to death.
• Jequier-Deonna Syndrome: A very rare condition described in two sisters. It is characterized by vision and hearing problems and incoordination.
• Jequier-Kozlowski-skeletal dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by various skeletal abnormalities and facial anomalies.
• Jerky movements: A condition which is associated with unintentional jerky movements
• Jerky trunk movements: When there is jerky movements of the trunk
• Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by congenital deafness and a long Q-T interval which is where the heart takes longer than normal to recharge after a heartbeat.
• Jessamine poisoning: Jessamine is an evergreen shrub which bears aromatic flowers and small white or purplish berries. It is often utilized as a houseplant or grown in gardens. The unripe berries contain various alkaloids which can be toxic if large quantities of the berries are eaten.
• Jimsonweed poisoning: The Jimsonweed is a herb that bears single large white or lavender flowers and seeds surrounded by a spiny shell. The plant contains tropane alkaloids (mainly the seeds and leaves) which can cause symptoms if eaten in large quantities.
• Jin Bu Huan-induced lead poisoning: Jin Bu Huan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder involving a range of abnormalities including a characteristic beak-like small nose, hypothyroidism and deafness.
• Joubert Syndrome: A rare neurological disorder where there is a defect in the part of the brain that controls coordination and balance.
• Juberg-Marsidi syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, delayed developmental milestones, muscle problems and growth retardation. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Jung-Wolff-Back-Stahl syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain abnormalities, mental retardation and facial and skull anomalies.
• Juniper tar poisoning: Tar from the Juniper plant is sometimes used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Ingestion of the substance can cause poisoning symptoms.
• Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease which results from autoimmune dysfunction. Juvenile myasthenia gravis also has autoimmune origins and tends to develop during childhood. Symptoms tend to become worse during the day with activity and improve after rest or after sleeping. The severity of symptoms may vary.
• Juvenile Paget disease: A rare genetic bone disorder involving abnormal loss of bone mineralization and remineralization, broadened bone shafts and high levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood. Some juvenile cases are relatively mild.
• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic arthritis affecting children and teens
• Juvenile Scleroderma: Scleroderma that occurs in children. Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease that can affect the skin, blood vessels, the immune system and sometimes even the organs may be involved. The disorder may be localized or affect large areas of the body.
• Juvenile dermatomyositis: A very rare autoimmune disorder where the body's own immune system attacks blood vessels and causes them to become inflamed. The condition is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic pinkish-purple rash.
• Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: A form of epilepsy that occurs in teenagers and involves sudden muscle jerking and seizures which is especially common on awakening.
• Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma: A type of brain tumor that occurs in children and young adults. The tumor is derived from a type of cell called an astrocyte and it can occur in various parts of the brain as well as the optic pathways and the spinal cord. Malignancy is rare. Symptoms may vary depending on the size and location of the tumor.
• Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by increasing weakness and stiffness of the muscles in the arms, legs and face due to damage to nerve cells that control motor movement.
• KBG Syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder involving short stature, mental retardation, abnormal development of various bones.
• Kabuki syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features.
• Kalam-Hafeez syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by low parathyroid levels in infants, retarded growth, mental retardation, dysmorphic features and seizures.
• Kaler-Garrity-Stern syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by osteopenia, mental retardation and sparse hair.
• Kandu-induced lead poisoning: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian and Indian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Kashin-Bek disease: A type of osteoarthritis occurring mostly in children in China, Korea and Siberia and possibly caused by eating wheat infected with a particular fungus.
• Kawanism: Kava can be used as a herbal agent to treat anxiety, restlessness, stress and sleeping problems due to anxiety. The herbal agent contains chemicals including alpha-pyrone which can cause various symptoms if it is taken for long periods of time.
• Kawasaki disease: A childhood illness that generally affects the skin, mouth and lymph nodes.
• Kearns-Sayre Syndrome: A rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by pigmented deposits on the retina, heart disease and progressive paralysis of some eye muscles.
• Kenya fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Kenya tick typhus: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Kenya tick-bite fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Keratosis palmoplantaris - adenocarcinoma of the colon: A rare disorder characterized by cancer of the secretory lining of the colon as well as thickening of the skin on the palms and soles. The colon cancer tends to grow slowly.
• Kernicterus: passage of bilirubin though the blood brain barrier
• Kidney damage - 1,2-Dichloromethane: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called 1,2-Dichloromethane. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Acetaminophen: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called acetaminophen (Tylenol). Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Aminoglycosides: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Aminosalicylic Acid: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called aminosalicylic acid. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Amphotericin B: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by an antibiotic called amphotericin B. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Amyl Alcohol: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to amyl alcohol. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Anti-cancer drugs: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to anti-cancer drugs such as cyclosporine and cisplatin. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Aristolochic acid: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to aristolochic acid. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Arsenic: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to arsenic. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Aspirin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called Aspirin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Automobile exhaust: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to Automobile exhaust. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Bacitracin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called bacitracin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Bismuth: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to bismuth. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cadmium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to cadmium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Carbon Tetrachloride: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to Carbon tetrachloride. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cephaloridine: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called Cephaloridine. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Chloroform: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called chloroform. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Chlorotetracycline: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called Chlorotetracycline. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Chromium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to chromium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cisplatin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to an anti-cancer drug called Cisplatin. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Contrast agents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a contrast agent called sodium iodide used in some diagnostic tests. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Copper: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to copper. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cyclophosphamide: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to an anti-cancer drug called Cyclophosphamide. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Cyclosporin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to an anti-cancer drug called cyclosporine. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Degreasing solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to degreasing solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Dichloroacetylene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Dichloroacetylene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Diethylene glycol: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Diethylene glycol. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Dioxane: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Dioxane. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Ethylene Glycol: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to ethylene glycol. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Ethylene glycol ethers: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to Ethylene glycol ethers. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Fuels: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to fuel. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Gasoline: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to gasoline. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Germanium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to germanium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Glue solvent vapors: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to glue solvent vapors. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Glues: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to glues. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Gold: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to gold. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Hairdressing solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to hairdressing solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Hairdressing sprays: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to hairdressing sprays. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Heavy metals: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to heavy metals. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Herbicide: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to herbicides. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Hydrocarbons: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to hydrocarbons such as chloroform and styrene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Ibuprofen: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called Ibuprofen. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Lead: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to lead. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Lithium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to lithium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Mercury: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to mercury. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Methanol: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to methanol. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Methemoglobin-producing agents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to methemoglobin-producing agents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Methicillin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called methicillin. Kidney damage usually occurs as a result of an allergic reaction to the antibiotic. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Neomycin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called Neomycin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Oxytetracycline: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called Oxytetracycline. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Paint solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to paint solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Paint thinners: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to paint thinners. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Paints: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to paints. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Paraquat ochratoxin A: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to paraquat ochratoxin A. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Perchloroethylene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Perchloroethylene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Pesticide solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to pesticide solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Pesticides: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to pesticides. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Platinum: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to platinum. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Polymyxin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called polymyxin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of analgesic called prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Rifampin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called rifampin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Silica: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to silica. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Silicon compounds: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to silicon compounds. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Silver: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to silver. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Solvents: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to solvents. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Styrene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called styrene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Sulphonamides: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by sulphonamide antibiotics. The kidney damage usually occurs as a result of an allergic reaction to the antibiotic. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Thallium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to thallium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Toluene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called toluene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Trichloroethane: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called Trichloroethane. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Trichloroethylene: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to a hydrocarbon called trichloroethylene. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Trimethropin: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by a type of antibiotic called trimethropin. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - Uranium: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by exposure to Uranium. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the liver toxicity symptoms are listed below. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - analgesics: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by analgesics such as acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage - antibiotics: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by antibiotics. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the toxicity. Kidney problems usually only occur with chronic use of the drug. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms.
• Kidney damage due to chemicals: Damage or injury to kidneys caused by substances such as chemicals and medicines. Often other organs and tissues are also affected but only the kidney toxicity symptoms are listed below. Symptoms vary depending on the degree of exposure and hence extent of the kidney damage or injury. Mild kidney damage may cause few if any symptoms whereas severe damage can ultimately result in kidney failure. Symptoms may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the severity of the exposure. Factors such as age, dehydration and underlying kidney problems may also influence a person's risk of developing kidney problems and the severity of the symptoms. Occupational kidney damage is considered relatively uncommon due to current safe industrial practices.
• Kidney stones: A crystal deposit that is made of urates and phosphates that occurs in the kidneys
• Kidney symptoms: Symptoms affecting one or both kidneys.
• Kifafa seizure disorder: A rare form of seizure involving head nodding prior to the seizure and often associated with neurological symptoms and Parkinson-like symptoms.
• Klerat rodenticide poisoning: Klerat is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne syndrome: A rare condition characterized by pseudohypertrophy of muscles that occurs in patients with hypothyroidism.
• Kohl-induced lead poisoning: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by various ethnic groups (e.g. Africans, Asians, Indians and Pakistanis) to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Krabbe disease, atypical, due to saposin A deficiency: An inherited biochemical disorder which results in neurological regression within a few months of birth. Death usually occurs during the first few years of life. The disorder is similar to Krabbe disease but is differentiated by the genetic origin of the biochemical defect. Krabbe disease involves a defect in the galactocerebrosidase gene whereas atypical Krabbe disease involves a defect in the prosaposin gene which causes a deficiency of saposin A.
• Krabbe leukodystrophy: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme called galactocerebrosidase. It is a leukodystrophy which refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the growth of the protective coating around the brain nerves.
• Krukenberg carcinoma: A form of ovarian cancer.
• Kushta-induced lead poisoning: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian and Pakistani people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Kuskokwim disease: A rare syndrome where abnormal muscle attachment causes abnormalities such as muscle wasting or excessive growth and contractures.
• Kyasanur-Forrest disease: A viral hemorrhagic fever that is transmitted to humans through tick bites. It is most prevalent in South Asia.
• L-3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short chain, deficiency: A rare inherited form of biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase). The enzyme deficiency only affects certain body tissues, in particular the skeletal muscles. The lack of enzyme activity prevents some fats being converted into energy. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated during fasting as during fasting, the body tries to rely more heavily on fats for energy. Fatty acids that are not completely metabolized due to the enzyme deficiency may build up in various organs and cause serious complications.
• L1 Syndrome: L1 Syndrome refers to range of disorders characterized by stiff muscles (spasticity) in the legs, reduced intelligence, excessive fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus) and abnormally bent thumbs. The range and severity of symptoms is highly variable. Disorders which varying forms of L1 Syndrome includes MASA syndrome, X-linked Corpus Callosum agenesis and X-linked Mental Retardation Complicated Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia type 1. The condition tends to produce mild if any symptoms in females in nearly all cases.
• LADHSC deficiency: A rare inherited form of biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase). The enzyme deficiency only affects certain body tissues, in particular the skeletal muscles. The lack of enzyme activity prevents some fats being converted into energy. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated during fasting as during fasting, the body tries to rely more heavily on fats for energy. Fatty acids that are not completely metabolized due to the enzyme deficiency may build up in various organs and cause serious complications.
• Lack of energy: When a person is lackadaisical and without energy
• Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency: An inherited genetic muscle disease where an enzyme deficiency (lactate dehydrogenase) affects the normal processes that convert carbohydrates from food into energy which affects muscles. Lactate dehydrogenase facilitates the conversion of lactate to pyruvate and vice versa.
• Lactate dehydrogenase deficiency type A: A rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency (Lactate dehydrogenase type A) affects the conversion of carbohydrates to energy.
• Lactic Acidosis, Fatal Infantile: The excessive accumulation of lactic acid in the blood which leads to metabolic acidosis.
• Lactic acidosis congenital infantile: A rare congenital condition where an infant has high levels of lactic acid in the blood causing metabolic acidosis.
• Lafora disease: A rare genetic disorder caused by the inclusion of a substance called Lafora bodies in cells throughout the body. The condition is progressive and causes progressive seizures and dementia.
• Laing distal myopathy: An inherited muscle disease characterized by early-onset weakness and wasting in the distal muscles. The disease progresses slowly and starts in the ends of the limbs but usually also involves the neck and eventually abdominal muscles.
• Lambdoid synostosis familial: Premature fusion of certain skull bones that results in the back of the head being flat. In familial cases, it tends to run in families and other abnormalities are occasionally associated.
• Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome: A condition where a patient with a carcinoma suffers from progressive muscular weakness.
• Landau-Kleffner Syndrome: A neurological disorder which results in aphasia, epileptic seizures and inability to recognize sounds.
• Landouzy-Dejerine muscular dystrophy: A rare inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized mainly by progressive weakness and wasting of facial and shoulder and upper arm muscles. A rare form of the condition is noticeable at infancy and progresses rapidly.
• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A condition which is characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells
• Lantana poisoning: Lantana is a small flowering shrub with spiny stems. It bears small clusters of colorful flowers on a stalk and small green fruit which become dark when ripe. The plant contains a chemical called triterpene which can cause poisoning symptoms if eaten. Death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten as the chemical is quite toxic. The green berries are considered the most toxic part of the plant but the leaves are also poisonous but less likely to be eaten. Skin irritation can also result from skin contact with the plant.
• Large cell carcinoma: Large cell carcinoma is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. This non-small cell lung cancer that represents 10% to 20% of all tumors that start in the bronchi, which are the main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs.
• Large granular lymphocyte leukemia: A form of leukemia characterized by an increased number of circulating granular lymphocytes.
• Larsen-like syndrome, lethal form: A very rare lethal syndrome characterized mainly by joint dislocations and breathing problems due to respiratory system abnormalities. The condition is a manifestation of abnormal collagen formation.
• Larsen-like syndrome, lethal type: A very rare lethal syndrome characterized mainly by joint dislocations and breathing problems due to respiratory system abnormalities.
• Lassa fever: Infectious rat-borne West African disease.
• Lateral meningocele syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by lateral meningoceles (openings in the spinal cord on the inside of the spine) as well as craniofacial anomalies. The syndrome is believed to involve the abnormal development of the spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
• Lathosterolosis: A very rare disorder where an enzyme (sterol C5-desaturase) deficiency prevents the normal synthesis of cholesterol in the body. The deficiency causes various malformations, mental retardation and liver disease.
• Laurence-Moon Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by vision loss, impaired hormone production, mental retardation and spastic paraplegia.
• Lead poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to lead.
• Lead poisoning - African Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by African people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - African Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by African people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Aisan Folk Remedies - Chuifong tokuwan: Chuifong tokuwan is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to arthritis and other pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Bali goli: Bali goli (flat black bean) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Deshi Dewa: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Asian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Ghasard: Ghasard is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Asian and Indian people as a tonic (usually for indigestion). This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Kandu: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Pay-loo-ah: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by Vietnamese people to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Asian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Ba Bow Sen: Ba Bow Sen is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat childhood hyperactivity and to alleviate nightmares. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Cordyceps: Cordyceps is a folk remedy by Chinese people to treat high blood pressure, bleeding problems and diabetes. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Hai Ge Fen: Hai Ge Fen is clamshell powder used mainly by Chinese people to make traditional Chinese herbal medicines. This product has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Jin Bu Huan: Jin Bu Huan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Po Ying Tan: Po Ying Tan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat minor childhood complaints. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Rueda: Rueda is a lead-containing folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat infant colic or to calm young children. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Folk Remedies: A number of folk remedies have the potential to cause lead poisoning due to their relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. The high content of lead in some folk remedies can cause symptoms of lead poisoning which can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Alarcon: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Azarcon: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Coral: Coral is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Greta: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Liga: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Luiga: Luiga is a folk remedy used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Maria Luisa: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Deshi Dewa: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Indian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kandu: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kushta: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by the Indian people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Indian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Iranian Folk Remedies - Bint Al Zahab: Bint Al Zahab is a folk remedy used mainly by Iranian people to treat infant colic and to facilitate the passage of meconium in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Kuwait Folk Remedies - Bokhoor: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Kuwait people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Loas Folk Remedies - Pay-loo-ah: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by the Hmong people from Loas to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Alarcon: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Albayaidle: Albayaidle is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Albayalde: Albayalde is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Azarcon: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Coral: Coral is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Greta: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Liga: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Luiga: Luiga is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Maria Luisa: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle East Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Middle East people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Alkohl: Alkohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Anzroot: Anzroot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat gastroenteritis. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Cebagin: Cebagin is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Henna: Henna is used mainly by Middle Eastern people as a hair and skin dye. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Saoot: Saoot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat digestive eye injuries, teething and to manage the umbilical stump in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Pakistani people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Kushta: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by the Pakistani people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Pakistani people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistani eye cosmetics: Exposure to lead can result from the use of Pakistani eye cosmetics contaminated with lead. The most frequent cases have been noted in children as they are more sensitive to the effects of lead. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Al Murrah: Al Murrah is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat problems such as stomach pain, diarrhea and colic. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Bint Dahab: Bint Dahab is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat such things as constipation, diarrhea, colic and various other infant conditions. It is also used by Saudi Arabian jewelers. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Bokhoor: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Farouk: Farouk is a folk remedy by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Santrinj: Santrinj is a paint primer but is also used as a folk remedy mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething and gum boils. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Folk Remedies - Traditional Saudi medicine: Traditional Saudi medicine is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi people to treat teething and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Tamarind candy: Eating tamarind candy jam products made in Mexico can lead to exposure to lead as the product is often packaged in lead-containing containers which can leach lead. The most frequent cases have been noted in children as they are more sensitive to the effects of lead. Elevated levels of lead in the blood can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Lead poisoning - Tibetan Folk Remedies - Tibetan herbal vitamin: Tibetan herbal vitamin is a folk remedy used mainly by Tibetan people to improve brain functioning. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Leber optic atrophy: An inherited biochemical disorder due to mitochondrial mutation.
• Left ventricle-aorta tunnel: An abnormal opening that connects the left ventricle and the ascending aorta
• Leg muscle strain: Damage to the leg muscles due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: Femur/hip bone disease mostly in children
• Legionella adelaidensis infection: Legionella adelaidensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella anisa infection: Legionella anisa is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella beliardensis infection: Legionella beliardensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella birminghamensis infection: Legionella birminghamensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella bozemanii infection: Legionella bozemanii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella bruneiensis infection: Legionella bruneiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella brunensis infection: Legionella brunensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella busanensis infection: Legionella busanensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella cherrii infection: Legionella cherrii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella cincinnatiensis infection: Legionella cincinnatiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella donaldsonii infection: Legionella donaldsonii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella donaldsonil infection: Legionella donaldsonil is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella drancourtii infection: Legionella drancourtii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella drozanskii infection: Legionella drozanskii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella dumofii infection: Legionella dumofii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella erythra infection: Legionella erythra is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella fairfieldensis infection: Legionella fairfieldensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella fallonii infection: Legionella falloni is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella feelei infection: Legionella feelei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella feeleii infection: Legionella feeleii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gesstiana infection: Legionella gesstiana is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gormanii infection: Legionella micdadei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gratiana infection: Legionella gratiana is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella gresilensis infection: Legionella gresilensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella hackeliae infection: Legionella hackeliae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella impletisoli infection: Legionella impletisoli is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella isrealensis infection: Legionella isrealensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella jamestowniensis infection: Legionella jamestowniensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella jordanis infection: Legionella jordanis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella lansingensis infection: Legionella lansingensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella londinensis infection: Legionella londinensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella longbeachae infection: Legionella longbeachae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment, especially potting mixes and compost. Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella lytica infection: Legionella lytica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella maceachemii infection: Legionella maceachemii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella maceachernii infection: Legionella maceachernii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella micdadei infection: Legionella micdadei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella monrovica infection: Legionella monrovica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella moravica infection: Legionella moravica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella nautarum infection: Legionella nautarum is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella oakridgensis infection: Legionella oakridgensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella parisiensis infection: Legionella parisiensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella quateirensis infection: Legionella quateirensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella quinlivanii infection: Legionella quinlivanii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella rowbothamii infection: Legionella rowbothamii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella rubrilucens infection: Legionella rubrilucens is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella sainthelensi infection: Legionella sainthelensi is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella santicrucis infection: Legionella santicrucis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella shakespearei infection: Legionella shakespearei is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella spiritensis infection: Legionella spiritensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella steigerwaltii infection: Legionella steigerwaltii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella tauriensis infection: Legionella tauriensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella tusconensis infection: Legionella tucsonensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella wadsorthii infection: Legionella wadsorthii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella wadsworthii infection: Legionella wadsworthii is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella waltersii infection: Legionella moravica is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella worsliensis infection: Legionella worsliensis is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionella yabuuchiae infection: Legionella yabuuchiae is a type of bacteria which can cause infection in susceptible humans. Risk factors include diabetes, certain cancers, old age, immunosuppression, emphysema and smoking. Infection is rare and can occur at any age but the elderly or those with a weak immune system are more susceptible. These particular bacteria are commonly found in the environment (e.g. water and soil). Infection usually occurs through inhalation of the bacteria which results in a lung infection called pneumonia or may result in a flu-like illness. The bacteria may also cause respiratory system irritation, inflammation or sensitization. The nature and severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Some people may have the bacteria in their body but may have no symptoms. The incubation period lasts from 2 to 10 days but is usually 5 to 6 days. The infection cannot be transmitted from person to person.
• Legionnaires' disease: A severe respiratory disease which is caused by the Legionella pneumophila bacteria. The condition can result in pneumonia and can be life-threatening.
• Leigh syndrome: A rare, progressive, neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of the brain and impaired function of various body organs. The condition is caused by a systemic deficiency of the cytochrome C oxidase enzyme.
• Leigh syndrome, French Canadian type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Leigh syndrome, Saguenay-Lac-St. Jean type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Leiner Disease: A skin and immune system disorder occurring in newborns and characterized by a patch of thick red skin that usually starts on the buttocks and spreads to other parts of the body. Recurring infections, failure to thrive, wasting and nervous system deficiency are also symptomatic of the condition.
• Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A form of epilepsy that occurs mostly in preschool-aged children and is characterized mainly by absences.
• Leptospirosis: Bacterial infection usually caught from animal urine.
• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: Inherited biochemical disorder of purine metabolism caused by the virtual absence of an enzyme called hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase or HPRT.
• Leschke-Ullmann syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by patches of skin pigmentation, physical and mental retardation, dwarfism, sexual dysfunction and muscle problems.
• Lethargy: feeling of tiredness
• Letterer-Siwe disease: A rare usually fatal condition characterized by skin lesions, bleeding tendency, enlarged liver and spleen, enlarged lymph nodes and progressive anemia. The condition is caused by excessive proliferation of histiocytes.
• Leucinosis: A term used to describe high levels of leucine in the body. It is associated with a metabolic disorder called maple syrup urine disease where there is a deficiency of an enzyme needed to break down leucine so it builds up within the body.
• Leukemia: Cancer of the blood cells, usually white blood cells.
• Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute: A cancer of the blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow involving the proliferation of a type of infection-fighting white blood cell called a monocyte. Acute leukemia involves a more rapid proliferation of cancer cells compared to chronic forms of leukemia.
• Leukemia, Myeloid: A form of blood cancer that causes a proliferation of the precursors or immature red blood cells, platelets and certain white blood cells such as granulocytes and monocytes.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Aggressive-Phase: Myeloid leukemia is a form of cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body. The aggressive phase of myeloid leukemia follows the chronic form and is a sign that the condition is progressing more rapidly to a blast crisis which is the final stage of leukemia.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic: A slow-growing cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase: Myeloid leukemia is a form of cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body. The chronic phase of myeloid leukemia usually involves few if any symptoms. This is the early stage of the disease and without treatment it generally progresses to the accelerated phase of the condition. The majority of patients diagnosed with myeloid leukemia are diagnosed during the chronic phase.
• Leukemia, T-Cell: A form of blood cancer characterized by the proliferation of cancerous T-cells which make up part of the body's immune system. The exact symptoms and progression vary depending on the subtype involved.
• Leukemia, T-Cell, Acute: A form of blood cancer characterized by the proliferation of cancerous T-cells which make up part of the body's immune system. The exact symptoms and progression vary depending on the subtype involved. The acute form involves a rapid proliferation of cancerous T-cells and hence a more rapid disease progression and increased severity of symptoms.
• Leukemia, T-cell, chronic: Cancer of blood cells called T-cells which form part of the immune system.
• Leukemia, mast-cell: A very aggressive form of leukemia - a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. The cancer can in rare cases develop from chronic myeloid leukemia or systemic mastocytosis but generally develops on its own.
• Leukocytoclastic angiitis - systemic: Inflammation of small blood vessels. Usually the small blood vessels in the ski are involved but sometimes small blood vessels in other organs such as joints, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract may be involved. Symptoms become more serious once there is systemic (organ) involvement and death may result in some severe cases.
• Leukodystrophy: A very rare group of metabolic diseases where chemical anomalies affect the development or maintenance of the protective coating around nerves (myelin sheath). The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves may be involved. The range and severity of symptoms is determined by the chemical involved but one of the main symptoms for all the leukodystrophies is a gradual loss of previously acquired mental or physical skills.
• Leukodystrophy with oligodontia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by missing teeth and progressive ataxia.
• Leukoencephalopathy: Immune destruction of the myelin cover of nerves.
• Leukoencephalopathy - metaphyseal chondrodysplasia: A rare syndrome characterized by brain disease and abnormal skeletal development.
• Leukoencephalopathy, arthritis, colitis, and hypogammaglobulinema: A rare condition characterized by the association of arthritis, colitis, low blood gammaglobulin levels and brain anomalies.
• Leukomalacia: Softening or destruction of the white matter of the brain. Brain tissue that surrounds fluid-filled parts of the brain (ventricles) is destroyed. It tends to occur mainly in premature or newborn babies who have been deprived of oxygen or have poor blood flow to parts of the brain. Intrauterine infections and premature membrane rupture tend to predispose infants to this condition. This type of brain destruction can cause cerebral palsy. Severity of symptoms varies according to the degree of injury to the brain.
• Levine-Critchley syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder mainly involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting, abnormal limb movement, progressive cognitive loss and red blood cell abnormalities.
• Levy-Yeboa Syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by abnormalities of various bodys systems. Symptoms include low muscle tone, stiff joints, deafness, skin blisters (mainly on hands and feet) and a blank facial expression.
• Lhermitte-Cornil-Quesnel syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the slowly-progressive degeneration of a part of the brain (pyramidal tract and globus pallidus).
• Licorice-induced hypertension: Licorice-induced hypertension is a relatively quick increase in blood pressure due to eating licorice (either in the form of candy or as a herb). Blood pressure usually resumes to normalisation quite rapidly. Patients with existing blood pressure problems should avoid consuming licorice as it can cause their blood pressure to rise to dangerously high levels.
• Lidocaine toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Liga-induced lead poisoning: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lightwood-Albright syndrome: A rare syndrome caused by kidney dysfunction.
• Lily-of-the-Valley poisoning: Lily-of-the-Valley is a plant often grown in gardens. The plant contains cardiac glycosides (convallamatian, convallarin) and saponins which can cause poisoning symptoms if eaten. Large amounts would need to be eaten to cause poisoning symptoms. Cardiovascular symptoms usually occur a few hours after gastrointestinal symptoms. The biggest danger of eating this plant is the effects on the heart which can cause serious problems in patients with underlying heart conditions.
• Limb dystonia: A nerve disorder which affects muscles. It causes prolonged muscle spasms (contractions) which results in repeated twisting motions or abnormal limb postures.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B: An autosomal dominant form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the Lamin A/C gene.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C: An autosomal dominant form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the Caveolin-3 gene.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1D: An autosomal dominant form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of chromosome 6. Males are more severely affected than females in this form of the disease.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2C: An autosomal recessive form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the gamma-sarcoglycan gene. The severity of the condition is greatly variable from wheelchair confinement at the age of 9 years to asymptomatic adults. Most tend to live to their third decade.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D: An autosomal recessive form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the alpha-sarcoglycan gene. The severity of the condition is greatly variable from wheelchair confinement at the age of 9 years to asymptomatic adults. Most tend to live to their third decade.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2E: An autosomal recessive form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the beta-sarcoglycan gene. The severity of the condition is greatly variable from wheelchair confinement at the age of 9 years to asymptomatic adults. Most tend to live to their third decade.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2F: An autosomal recessive form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the delta-sarcoglycan gene. The severity of the condition is greatly variable from wheelchair confinement at the age of 9 years to asymptomatic adults. Most tend to live to their third decade.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H: An autosomal recessive form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the TRIM32 protein.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I: An autosomal recessive form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the FKRP (fukutin-related protein) gene.
• Limbic encephalitis: Inflammation of the limbic system which is the part of the brain responsible for basic autonomic functions.
• Limbic encephalitis - neuromyotonia - hyperhidrosis - polyneuropathy: A rare autoimmune disorder involving excessive sweating, dysfunction central nervous system and neuromyotonia. The condition occurs when the body develops antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels.
• Lindsay-Burn syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, psychosis and enlarged testes.
• Lindstrom syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature and seizures.
• Lion's mane jellyfish poisoning: The Lion's mane jellyfish is a large stinging jellyfish found in the colder waters of the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific Oceans. The jellyfish can deliver a painful sting with skin burning and blistering. Prolonged skin exposure can result in breathing problems, muscle cramps and even death.
• Lipid storage myopathy: A rare condition where the abnormal accumulation of lipids in muscle tissue causes muscle weakness.
• Lipidosis with triglyceride storage disease: A very disorder involving abnormal storage of fat (triglycerides in parts of the body). The condition causes blood abnormalities as well as skin, eye and hearing problems.
• Lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency: A very rare enzyme deficiency (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) which can cause lactic acidosis. The age of onset and symptoms are variable.
• Liposarcoma: A rare malignant tumor of fat cells. Usually affects thighs in women over 30 years of age.
• Lissauer paralysis: Diffuse degeneration of one side of the cerebral cortex which causes dementia, weakness and seizures.
• Lissencephaly: A very rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain formation so that the brain surface appears smooth rather than convoluted.
• Lissencephaly 3: A rare brain malformation where the surface of the brain is smoother than normal. The brain abnormality causes symptoms such as mental retardation and seizures. The severity of the disorder is variable and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 12q12-q14.
• Lissencephaly syndrome type 1: A very rare form of the brain formation disorder called lissencephaly where the brain surface is abnormally smooth rather than convoluted resulting in mental retardation. Physical malformations are also present.
• Lissencephaly type 1, due to LIS 1 anomalies: A rare brain malformation where the surface of the brain is smoother than normal. Type 1 is caused by a defect on the LIS1 gene on chromosome 17p13.3. The severity of the symptoms are variable depending on the severity of the brain abnormality. Miller-Dieker syndrome is a subtype of this condition.
• Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia: Abnormal brain development characterized by an abnormally smooth brain surface and an underdeveloped cerebellum. The severity of the disorder is variable but often involves seizures and mental retardation.
• Lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia, recessive: Abnormal brain development where the brain is abnormally smooth and the cerebellum is underdeveloped.
• Lissencephaly, X-linked 2: A rare brain malformation where the surface of the brain is smoother than normal. Genital anomalies are also associated. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Lissencephaly, X-linked, 1: Abnormal brain development resulting in an abnormally smooth brain surface which results in neurological symptoms such as mental retardation. This particular type is inherited in a X-linked manner is caused by a defect in the doublecortin gene on chromosome Xq22.3-q23.
• Lissencephaly, type 1, X-linked: Abnormal brain development characterized by an abnormally smooth brain. This form of the disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner (defect on the DCX gene) and the corpus callosum fails to develop. Males tend to be affected more severely than females.
• Listeriosis: Bacterial food poisoning
• Lithium toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Littoral cell angioma of the spleen: A usually benign type of tumor that develops in the spleen. The name arises from the fact that the tumor develops from the littoral cells which line the blood vessels in the spleen.
• Liver cancer: The occurrence of malignancy that occurs in the liver
• Liver failure: When the liver fails to function
• Liver symptoms: Symptoms affecting the liver
• Lobelia poisoning: Lobelia is a herbaceous plant which bears elongated shafts of small blue, white or red flowers. The plant contains alkaloids such as lobeline which can result in similar effects to nicotine. The plant is sometimes used in herbal preparations which is usually how poisoning occurs.
• Local anaesthetic allergy: Using Local anaesthetic can cause an allergic response in some people however this is considered rare. It involves the body's immune system overreacting to the drug. The type and severity of symptoms can vary considerable though skin symptoms are the most common allergic response to drugs.
• Long QT syndrome, familial: A familial heart condition which is characterized by prolongation of the QT interval of the heart rhythm. Exercise or excitement can exacerbate symptoms.
• Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: A rare inherited genetic condition where the body is unable to convert certain fats to energy i.e. there is not enough of a certain enzyme (3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) which is needed to metabolize a type of fat called long-chain fatty acids. The build-up of these fatty acids in the body causes damage.
• Lortab overdose: Lortab is a prescription drug used to treat. Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Lortab withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Lortab use is discontinued or reduced. Lortab is a pain-killer and cough reliever. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Loss of muscle control: The loss of ones ability to control their muscle function
• Low birth weight - dwarfism - dysgammaglobulinemia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by low birth weight, short stature and a immune system abnormality.
• Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome: A rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized primarily by eye and bone abnormalities, mental retardation and kidney problems.
• Lower back muscle strain: Damage to the lower back muscles due to over-stretching of the muscle tissue. The damage involves tearing the muscle tissue. Small blood vessels may also be damaged which can cause bruising. The symptoms may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of the damage.
• Lower esophageal ulcer: An esophageal ulcer is a hole in the lining of the esophagus corroded by the acidic digestive juices secreted by the stomach cells. An esophageal ulcer is usually located in the lower section of the esophagus. It is often associated with GERD.
• Lower motor neuron weakness: Muscle weakness caused by neurological problems.
• Lubs X-linked mental retardation syndrome: A severe inherited form of X-linked mental retardation.
• Luiga-induced lead poisoning: Coral is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lundberg II syndrome: A rare syndrome involving cataracts, reduced hormone production by ovaries or testes and myopathy which mainly involves the facial and muscles close to the trunk.
• Lung symptoms: Symptoms affecting one or both lungs.
• Lupine poisoning: A flowering herb which produced long clusters of flowers in various colors. It also produces flat, seed-filled pods. The seeds contain toxic chemicals (alkaloids such as lupinine, anagyrine, sparteine) which can cause poisoning if eaten in large quantities. Different species have different amounts of the toxin and some species are not toxic at all.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, deficiency of, with ataxia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by insufficient sex hormone production and impaired balance and coordination due to nervous system dysfunction.
• Lutz-Richner-Landolt syndrome: A rare disorder involving kidney and biliary abnormalities.
• Lyme disease: Lyme disease is an emerging infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia.
• Lymph node neoplasm: Lymph node tumor.
• Lymphangiectasies and lymphedema Hennekam type: A rare disorder characterized by buildup of lymphatic fluid in the limbs, face and genitals, seizures and mental and growth retardation.
• Lymphatic neoplasm: A tumor that develops in lymphatic tissue. The tumor may be cancerous or benign.
• Lymphedema, congenital: A very disorder present from birth where the lymph system is obstructed. Often, other abnormalities are also present.
• Lymphoblastic lymphoma: A cancer of the lymph system which usually involves immature T-lymphocytes and sometimes B-lymphocytes. The cancer usually affects the mediastinum (between the lungs), bone marrow, brain and spinal cord.
• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: Rodent-borne viral disease often causing meningitis or encephalitis
• Lymphoedema - lymphangiectasia - mental retardation: A rare disorder characterized by buildup of lymphatic fluid in the limbs, face and genitals, seizures and mental and growth retardation.
• Lymphoma: Any neoplastic disorder that occurs in lymphoid tissue
• Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Follicular: A cancer of cells in the immune system. The cancer is comprised of large cells and tends to be aggressive and metastasizes readily.
• Lymphoma, Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Malignancies that occur in the lymphoid tissue found in mucosal linings (MALT) e.g. gastrointestinal tract, skin and lungs. Symptoms may vary considerably depending on which organs are involved but usually the stomach is involved. A significant portion of patients suffering from MALTomas also have autoimmune diseases.
• Lymphoma, large-cell: A cancer of cells in the immune system. The cancer is comprised of large cells and tends to be aggressive and metastasizes readily.
• Lymphoma, large-cell, immunoblastic: A cancer of the immune system characterized by the presence of immunoblasts. Immunoblasts are T cells which have been transformed due to stimulation by an antigen.
• Lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, diffuse: A slow-growing cancer of the lymph system that involves small cells. The diffuse form has no distinguishable pattern of progression through the lymph node.
• Lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, follicular: A slow-growing cancer of the lymph system consisting of small cells that can circulate readily in the blood. The cancer occurs in a follicular pattern. Despite it's ability to spread, the cancer tends to be less aggressive than the large cell variety.
• Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A rare, progressive blood vessel disease where nodular lesions destroy blood vessels - lungs, skin and nervous system are mainly involved.
• Lymphomatous thyroiditis: Progressive thyroid gland enlargement due to autoimmune disease.
• Lysosomal glycogen storage disease with normal acid maltase activity: A rare inherited disorder characterized by severe heart problems, varying degrees of muscle weakness and often mental retardation. Other symptoms such as mental retardation may also occur. The genetic anomaly manifests as a deficiency of a protein called LAMP-2 (Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2) which affects lysosomes.
• Lyssavirus: A group of viruses that infect mammals and arthropods
• Lysteria monocytoigeneses meningitis: A very rare form of meningitis (bacterial infection of the brain membrane or meninges) caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The condition is more common in the elderly and those with poor immune system and death is common.
• M/SCHAD deficiency: A rare inherited form of biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase). The enzyme deficiency only affects certain body tissues, in particular the skeletal muscles. The lack of enzyme activity prevents some fats being converted into energy. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated during fasting as during fasting, the body tries to rely more heavily on fats for energy. Fatty acids that are not completely metabolized due to the enzyme deficiency may build up in various organs and cause serious complications.
• MADSAM: A rare sensory and motore nerve disease which causes progressive numbness and weakness that usually starts in the hands. The condition may progress for a while and then remit.
• MELAS: A mitochondrial disorder characterized by stroke-like episodes, headaches, vomiting and other neurological symptoms.
• MGA 4: MGA (methylglutaconic aciduria) is a rare genetic disorder where the body's cells are unable to make sufficient energy resulting in an accumulation in the body of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Type 4 is characterized by symptoms which overlap type 1 and 3.
• MHC class 1 or class 2 deficiency: An inherited immunodeficiency disorder involving a deficiency of class I and II major histocompatibility complexes. Serious infections can result.
• MN1: A rare genetic defect that can cause meningiomas to develop. A meningioma is a tumor of the meninges which is a membrane that encloses the brain and spinal cord The genetic defect occurs on chromosome 22. The tumor is usually slow-growing and benign.
• Machado-Joseph Disease: Rare genetic muscle disease causing muscle weakness.
• Macrocytic Hyperchromic Anemia: Macrocytic Hyperchromic anemia is a blood disorder characterized by abnormally large red blood cells which contain abnormally high amounts of haemoglobin. There is also a reduced number of red blood cells. This anomaly can be associated with such things as celiac disease or alcoholism.
• Macrocytic anemia: Macrocytic anemia is a blood disorder where the red blood cells are larger than normal but have low levels of haemoglobin which is needed to carry oxygen throughout the body. The condition usually results from a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate, digestive problems, malabsorption and certain medications which affect folic acid levels. Various rare inherited disorders may also result in macrocytic anemia e.g. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Severity and range of symptom may vary depending on the underlying condition.
• Macrocytosis: Blood condition where average red blood cell size is increased
• Macrogyria, pseudobulbar palsy and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development which results in mild mental retardation, epilepsy, developmental delay and pseudobulbar palsy which affects speech, chewing and swallowing functions.
• Macrophagic myofasciitis: A rare form inflammatory muscle disease which is more predominant in adults. A possible cause is believed to be aluminium found in some vaccines.
• Magnesium deficiency: A deficiency in the magnesium stores of the body
• Magnesium wasting renal: A rare genetic syndrome characterized mainly by excessive loss of magnesium in the urine due to kidney problems.
• Magrassi-Leonardi syndrome: A type of eosinophilic lung disease possibly caused by a virus. The condition may have variable presentations. Some patients have a severe pneumonia-like illness whereas other suffer fever, weakness and muscle pain for a few days.
• Major depressive disorder related fibromyalgia: Major depressive disorder related fibromyalgia refers to fibromyalgia that is associated with major depression. Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized mainly by pain mainly in the muscles which involves no associated damage to the tissues.
• Mal de debarquement: Imbalance that occurs after being exposed to motion such as on a boat. It differs to normal motion sickness in that symptoms can last months or even years and may be quite debilitating.
• Malabsorption: Dysfunctional absorption
• Malaise: General feelings of discomfort or being ill-at-ease.
• Malaria: A parasitic disease transmitted through mosquito bites.
• Malformations in neuronal migration: A rare disorder where the brain fails to develop normally - usually the cerebral cortex is involved. Various parts of the brain can be affected to various degrees depending on what stage of development the defect occurs. Mental retardation is one of the most common symptoms associated with brain malformations.
• Malignant Lung Cancer: Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. Most lung tumors are malignant. This means that they invade and destroy the healthy tissues around them and can spread throughout the body
• Malignant astrocytoma: A very malignant primary brain tumor consisting of astrocytes. The tumor spreads throughout the brain and a third of patients dying in the first year.
• Malignant hypertension: Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by very high blood pressure and swelling of the optic nerve. This type of hypertension is more common in people with kidney problems such as narrowed kidney blood vessels. The condition is a medical emergency which can cause organ damage if not treated promptly.
• Malignant hyperthermia: A very rare genetic disorder where sufferers suffer episodes of adverse reactions when certain anesthetics or muscle relaxants are administered.
• Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility type 1: A rare, potential lethal disorder that is triggered by general anesthetic or certain muscle relaxant drugs. On exposure to the drugs, muscle metabolism is severely disrupted and the body is unable to control its temperature which can lead to death without treatment. The chromosomal defect for type 1 is located at 19q13.1.
• Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility type 2: A rare, potential lethal disorder that is triggered by general anesthetic or certain muscle relaxant drugs. On exposure to the drugs, muscle metabolism is severely disrupted and the body is unable to control its temperature which can lead to death without treatment. The chromosomal defect for type 2 is located at 17q11.2-q24.
• Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility type 3: A rare, potential lethal disorder that is triggered by general anesthetic or certain muscle relaxant drugs. On exposure to the drugs, muscle metabolism is severely disrupted and the body is unable to control its temperature which can lead to death without treatment. The chromosomal defect for type 3 is located at 7q21-q22.
• Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility type 4: A rare, potential lethal disorder that is triggered by general anesthetic or certain muscle relaxant drugs. On exposure to the drugs, muscle metabolism is severely disrupted and the body is unable to control its temperature which can lead to death without treatment. The chromosomal defect for type 4 is located at 3q13.1.
• Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility type 5: A rare, potential lethal disorder that is triggered by general anesthetic or certain muscle relaxant drugs. On exposure to the drugs, muscle metabolism is severely disrupted and the body is unable to control its temperature which can lead to death without treatment. The chromosomal defect for type 5 is located at 1q32.
• Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility type 6: A rare, potential lethal disorder that is triggered by general anesthetic or certain muscle relaxant drugs. On exposure to the drugs, muscle metabolism is severely disrupted and the body is unable to control its temperature which can lead to death without treatment. The chromosomal defect for type 6 is located at 5p.
• Malignant mesenchymal tumor: A malignant tumor that arises from soft tissue. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor. It is a usually aggressive tumor that can occur muscle, fat, bone and blood vessels.
• Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor: A rare malignant cancer that develops in the uterus, ovary or fallopian tubes. The tumor contains epithelial and stromal cells. The cancer may be slow-growing or aggressive and may metastasize.
• Malignant peptic ulcer: Malignant ulcers are the complications of an untreated chronic gastric ulcers. A peptic ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine.
• Malignant rhabdoid tumors: An aggressive malignant tumor that occurs in children. Symptoms depend on the location of the tumor. The tumors often form in the kidneys and then tend to metastasize to the brain and sometimes the lungs. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus that is caused by a chronic malnutrition state
• Malonic aciduria: A very rare genetic disorder where a deficiency of a particular enzyme (malonyl-CoA decarboxylase) impairs the body's ability to convert fatty acids into energy that can be used by muscles such as the heart muscle. Fatty acids also accumulate in the body as they are not metabolized.
• Malt Worker's disease: Inhalation of malt particles contaminated with fungus in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne malt particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Malt Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of malt particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne malt particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Mannosidosis, alpha B lysosomal: A rare inherited metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (alpha-mannosidosase) which results in the accumulation of certain chemicals in the body which leads to progressive damage.
• Maple syrup urine disease: An inherited metabolic disorder involving amino acid metabolism and characterized by a sweet smelling urine, similar to maple syrup.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 1A specifically involves a defect in the E1-alpha subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type 1B: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 1B specifically involves a defect in the E1-beta subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type II: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 2 specifically involves a defect in the E2 subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type III: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 3 specifically involves a defect in the E3 subunit gene.
• Marasmus: A form of malnutrition caused by a severe deficiency of both protein and calories
• Marburg virus: Serious virus related to Ebola.
• Marden-Walker Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by blepharophimosis, joint contractures and fixed facial expression.
• Marfan Syndrome type 2: A very rare syndrome characterized by some of the skeletal and heart blood vessel abnormalities seen in Marfan syndrome but there are no eye abnormalities. The genetic cause of the two types is different.
• Marfan syndrome: A genetic connective tissue disorder involving a defect of chromosome 15q21.1 which affects the production of the fibrillin needed to make connective tissue.
• Marfanoid - mental retardation syndrome autosomal: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by psychomotor retardation, a flat face and some symptoms of Marfan syndrome (long arms and legs, tall stature, reduced skin fat and poor muscle tone).
• Maria Luisa-induced lead poisoning: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Marie type ataxia: An inherited brain disorder that affects muscle coordination.
• Marijuana abuse: Illicit depressant/hallucinogenic drug
• Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome: A group of recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by incoordination due to a brain anomaly.
• Marinesco-Sjogren-like syndrome (MSLS): A very rare disorder characterized by cataracts (during childhood), mental retardation, muscle weakness and brain degeneration. The disorder is very similar to another syndrome called Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome.
• Maroteaux-Stanescu-Cousin syndrome: A very rare lethal syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal bone development.
• Marsden syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by loss of vision and dystonia. It is believed to be a variant of Leber's atrophy associated with dystonia.
• Marseilles fever: An infectious disease that is caused by Rickettsia conorii which is transmitted by the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). The disease occurs predominantly in Mediterranean areas such as India and Africa. The onset of symptoms is usually sudden and the incubation period is usually between 6 and 10 days.
• Marshall-Smith Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated growth and maturation, shallow orbits and broad middle bones of fingers.
• Mastocytosis: A disorder where excessive amounts of mast cells proliferate in organs such as the skin, liver, bone, spleen and gastrointestinal tract. Mast cells occur in connective tissue and defend the body against disease by releasing histamine to stimulate the immune system.
• Mastocytosis - short stature - hearing loss: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, abnormal skin pigmentation, small ears and hearing impairment.
• Mastocytosis, cutaneous, with short stature, conductive hearing loss and microtia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, abnormal skin pigmentation, small ears and hearing impairment.
• Maternal hyperphenylalaninemia: A rare disorder where a mother suffering from phenylketonuria during pregnancy can result in various birth abnormalities.
• Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome: A rare condition where Leigh syndrome is inherited from the mother. Leigh syndrome is characterized by degeneration of the brain and impaired function of various organs.
• Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness with cardiomyopathy: A rare inherited disorder characterized by deafness, heart muscle disease and diabetes.
• Matikus rodenticide poisoning: Matikus is used as a rodenticide. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• May-Hegglin Anomaly: A rare inherited blood disorder involving abnormalities in some of the blood components (platelets and certain leukocytes). Some patients develop bleeding problems whereas other remain asymptomatic.
• Mayapple poisoning: The Mayapple is a small flowering plant which is often found growing naturally. It bears small single flowers and apple-like fruit which turns yellow when ripe. The unripe fruit and leaves contain a chemical called podophyllin which can cause poisoning if eaten. The plant is considered highly toxic and death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten. The leaves, roots and unripe fruit are toxic but the ripe fruit is edible. The plant has been used to treat venereal warts.
• Mayaro fever: Infection with a type of virus (Mayaro virus) transmitted by mosquito bites. The disease is most common in South America. The incubation period is one to two weeks.
• Mc Leod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by neuromuscular, blood and central nervous system symptoms. The disease is slowly progressive.
• McArdle disease: A rare inherited glycogen storage disorder involving a deficiency of muscle phosphorylase needted to convert glycogen to glucose in the muscles.
• Measles Encephalitis in Children with Immunosuppression: A rare complication of the measles virus. Some patients with a history of measles before the age of two develop progressive brain inflammation. The condition is rare and tends to only occur only in immunosuppressed children e.g. those who have acute lymphocytic leukemia. Symptoms may develop suddenly and tends to occur from weeks to months after the measles has resolved.
• Medication related hypothyroidism: Drug-induced hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland due to a reaction from medication.
• Mediterranean myoclonic epilepsy: A rare inherited type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy which tends to cause symptoms during childhood. The involuntary muscle movements tend to occur more frequently and become more severe with increasing age. Symptoms may occur following various stimuli such as light, stress or exercise.
• Medium and long chan 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: A metabolic disorder characterized by the deficiency of an enzyme (3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) which is needed to metabolise long and medum-chain fatty acids. The severity of symptoms may vary depending on the degree of the deficiency.
• Medium and short chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A rare inherited form of biochemical disorder characterized by the deficiency of a particular enzyme (3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase). The enzyme deficiency only affects certain body tissues, in particular the skeletal muscles. The lack of enzyme activity prevents some fats being converted into energy. Symptoms tend to be exacerbated during fasting as during fasting, the body tries to rely more heavily on fats for energy. Fatty acids that are not completely metabolized due to the enzyme deficiency may build up in various organs and cause serious complications.
• Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A rare disorder where the body lacks enzymes needed to convert some fats (medium-chain fatty acids) into energy and hence these fats build up in the body and cause damage.
• Medrano-Roldan syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone and increased skin pigmentation.
• Medulloblastoma: A type of brain tumor.
• Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a progressive brain destruction that causes mental retardation and incoordination that starts early in life.
• Megalencephaly: Abnormally large brain.
• Megalencephaly - polymicrogyria - post-axial polydactyly - hydrocephalus: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by brain abnormalities, extra digits and a excess fluid inside the skull.
• Megaloblastic Anemia 1: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Megalocornea mental retardation syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone from birth, mental retardation to varying degrees and eye abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is variable
• Megalocytic-Normochromic anemia: Megalocytic-Normochromic is a blood disorder characterized by normal amounts of haemoglobin within abnormally large red blood cells. However, the number of red blood cells is low.
• Meinecke syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and short broad thumbs.
• Melanoma - astrocytoma syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of a melanoma with a type of brain tumor called an astrocytoma. The exact symptoms may vary depending on the exact location of the brain tumor.
• Melioidosis: Bacterial infection from soil or water.
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type 2): A rare form of kidney disorder involving the deposit of a dense material in parts of the kidney, the splenic sinusoids and the Bruch membrane of the retina. The condition causes chronic kidney inflammation.
• Meninges cancer: A disorder where a cancerous malignancy is found in the meninges of the brain
• Meningioma: A slow-growing tumor of the meninges that is not cancerous. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor.
• Meningitis: Infection of the membrane around the brain (as a symptom)
• Meningococcal disease: Dangerous bacterial infection causing meningitis or bacteremia.
• Meningococcal infection: A rare infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Neisseria meningitides.
• Meningoencephalocele: A very rare developmental disorder where a part of the membrane that covers the brain and or part of the brain itself protrudes through an abnormal opening in the skull. The condition may be asymptomatic or if the defect is large, severe neurological abnormalities may result.
• Menkes Disease: Genetic disease of copper deficiency.
• Menorrhagia: Excessive or prolonged blood loss during menstruation
• Mental Retardation - Pterygia - Shortness - Distinctive Facial Appearance: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, underdeveloped genitals and various skull and facial anomalies.
• Mental retardation - arachnodactyly - hypotonia - telangiectasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short fingers, reduced muscle tone and spider veins (telangiectasia).
• Mental retardation - coloboma - slimness: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, retinal coloboma and a slim build.
• Mental retardation - epilepsy, X-linked: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the association of mental retardation with epilepsy. The disorders are inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation - epileptic seizures - hypogonadism - hypogenitalism -microcephaly - obesity: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental deficiency, epilepsy, small head, small genitals and obesity. Death occurs within the first two years of life.
• Mental retardation - hypocupremia - hypobetalipoproteinemia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, low blood copper levels and low betalipoprotein levels in the blood.
• Mental retardation - hypotonia - skin hyperpigmentation: A rare condition characterized mainly by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone and increased skin pigmentation.
• Mental retardation - macrocephaly - coarse facies - hypotonia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, large head, coarse face and reduced muscle tone.
• Mental retardation - short broad thumbs: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and short, broad thumbs.
• Mental retardation - short stature - deafness - genital: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, short stature, deafness and genital abnormalities.
• Mental retardation X-linked dysmorphism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, partially dislocated knees and teeth and facial abnormalities.
• Mental retardation athetosis microphthalmia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by the association of mental retardation, small eyes and a movement disorder.
• Mental retardation progressive spasticity: A condition characterized by mental retardation and progressive spasticity.
• Mental retardation progressive spasticity, X-linked: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and progressive spasticity and seizures. The disorder is X-linked and hence only affects males.
• Mental retardation unusual facies ampola type: A rare genetic disease characterized primarily by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature, seizures and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Mental retardation, Buenos Aires type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, physical retardation, unusual facial appearance and heart and kidney defects.
• Mental retardation, Smith-Fineman-Myers type: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation and low facial muscle tone.
• Mental retardation, Wolff type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by severe mental retardation and facial anomalies. The parents came from the same bloodline.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - corpus callosum agenesis - spastic quadriparesis: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, abnormal development of a part of the brain called the corpus callosum and spastic quadriparesis. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - dystonia - dysarthria: A very rare X-linked disorder characterized by the association of mental retardation with dystonia (movement disorder) and dysarthria (speech disorder).
• Mental retardation, X-linked - epilepsy - progressive joint contractures - typical face: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, epilepsy, unusual facial appearance and slowly-progressive joint contractures. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - hypotonia - facial dysmorphism - aggressive behavior: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone, aggressive behavior and unusual facial appearance. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - hypotonia - recurrent Infections: A severe inherited form of X-linked mental retardation.
• Mental retardation, X-linked - seizures - psoriasis: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, seizures and a skin disorder.
• Mental retardation, X-linked syndromic 12: A syndromic form of mental retardation which also involves mutism, retarded growth, seizures and frequent infections. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms. The genetic defect is located on chromosome Xp11.
• Mental retardation, X-linked with brachydactyly and macroglossia: A syndromic form of mental retardation which also involves short digits and an enlarged tongue. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 12: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 59: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the sigma-2 subunit of the adaptor protein-1 gene on chromosome Xp22. Mental retardation ranged from mild to severe.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 91: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the ZDHHC15 gene on chromosome Xq13.3.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 93: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the BRWD3 gene. Female carriers may also suffer from some mental deficiency.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 94: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect in the GRIA3 gene on chromosome Xq25-q26.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Armfield type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, seizures, short stature, small hands and small feet. The disorder is X-linked and hence only males exhibit the symptoms. The genetic defect occurs on chromosome Xq28.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Cabezas type: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, muscle wasting, short stature and other problems. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Stevenson type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone and other anomalies. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Zorick type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation and muscle disease. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, with cerebellar hypoplasia and distinctive facial appearance: A very rare syndrome characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, unusual facial appearance and an underdeveloped brain.
• Mental retardation, epileptic seizures, hypogonadism and hypogenitalism, microcephaly, and obesity: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental deficiency, epilepsy, small head, small genitals and obesity. Death occurs within the first two years of life.
• Mercury poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to mercury.
• Mercury poisoning - Folk Remedies: Various folk remedies and medicines contain inorganic mercury and mercury salts. They can lead to mercury poisoning and severe cases can result in death. Children tend to be more sensitive to the effects of mercury poisoning than adults. Even low levels of exposure can cause neurological symptoms in infants and young children. Fetal exposure to mercury can also result in symptoms.
• Mercury poisoning - consumption of contaminated fish: Eating fish contaminated with mercury can lead to mercury poisoning in humans. The severity and range of symptoms experienced can vary greatly depending on the level and duration of exposure. Severe poisoning can lead to death. Pregnant women who eat mercury contaminated fish may give birth to infants who suffer symptoms such as ataxia, tremors, seizures, mental retardation and cerebral palsy. An epidemic was reported where hundreds of Japanese villagers suffered mercury poisoning after eating fish contaminated by a nearby factory. Nearly half of the victims eventually died and children born during that period suffered a variety of neurological problems.
• Mescal poisoning: The Mescal is a small rounded cactus which has no spines but has tufts of hairs and a flower in the centre. The plant is grown for use as a narcotic in some parts of the world due to its hallucinogenic effect. All above-ground parts of the plant contain toxic chemicals (mescaline, lophophorine) which can cause symptom if eaten. The plant itself is considered to have a low level of toxicity but the chemical mescaline derived from it can cause strong symptoms if ingested in excessive quantities. The psychic effects following plant ingestion can last from 6 to 12 hours.
• Mesothelioma: Type of lung cancer associated with asbestos.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining) or peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibres. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - peritoneal: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - pleural: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Metabolic acidosis: metabolic acidosis is a process which if unchecked leads to acidemia (i.e. blood pH is low (less than 7.35) due to increased production of H+ by the body or the inability of the body to form bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the kidney
• Metabolic disorder: occurs when abnormal chemical reactions occur in the body
• Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: An inherited biochemical deficiency involving a deficiency of the enzyme called arylsulfatase A which leads to a harmful buildup of fatty material in the body.
• Metal Fume Fever - Aluminium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of aluminium oxide fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Antimony: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of antimony fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Cadmium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of cadmium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Chromium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of chromium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Copper: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of copper fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Iron: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of iron fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Magnesium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of magnesium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Manganese: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of manganese fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Nickel: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of nickel fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Selenium: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of selenium fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Silver: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of silver fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Tin: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of tin fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal Fume Fever - Zinc: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of zinc fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metal fume fever: Metal fume fever is a flu-like illness which can result from inhalation of iron oxide fumes. The condition is most likely to occur in poorly ventilated areas in the metal-working industry.
• Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, recessive type: A recessively inherited skeletal disorder characterized by abnormal development of the bone metaphyses which results in short stature from birth.
• Metastatic insulinoma: A rare form of pancreatic cancer that causes excessive secretion of the hormone insulin and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).
• Methamphetamine overdose: Methamphetamine is a prescription drug mainly used to treat ADHD . Excessive doses of the drug can result in various symptoms and even death in severe cases.
• Methamphetamine withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when methamphetamine use is discontinued or reduced. Methamphetamines are often called speed, meth, crystal or crank. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• Methylcobalamin deficiency, cbl E complementation type: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (cbl E) impairs the body's ability to break down cobalamin in the diet. This results in a buildup of homocystine which results in harmful affects.
• Methyldopa-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Methyldopa-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a condition where use of a medication called Methyldopa triggers the body's immune system to destroy it's own red blood cells which results in anemia.
• Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency: A inborn error of metabolism where an inherited deficiency of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase causes symptoms of ranging severity - from asymptomatic to severe neurological degeneration and premature death.
• Methylmalonic acidemia - homocystinuria: A rare inborn error of metabolism which results in impaired vitamin B12 metabolism. There are a number of forms of this condition with variable severity.
• Methylmalonic acidemia, synthesis defect of AdoCbl and MeCbl: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in th