Glossary for Night blindness

Medical terms related to Night blindness or mentioned in this section include:

• Age-related macular degeneration: Deterioration of the central field of vision.
• Ampola syndrome: A rare genetic disease characterized primarily by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature, seizures and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Anophthalmia - megalocornea - cardiopathy - skeletal anomalies: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by absent or very small eyes, large corneas, congenital heart defects and skeletal abnormalities.
• Anophthalmia - short stature - obesity: A very rare syndrome characterized by absent eyes, short stature and obesity.
• Avitaminosis: A group of diseases caused by the deficiency of one or more vitamins e.g. Beriberi (thiamine deficiency), rickets (Vitamin D deficiency), pellagra (niacin deficiency), pernicious anemia (Vitamin B12), bleeding (vitamin K deficiency) and night blindness (avitaminosis A). Symptoms depend on the type and degree of vitamin deficiency. Lack of various vitamins can affect just about every part of the body including the nervous system.
• Blindness: Loss of sight in one or both eyes
• Blurred vision: Blurriness of vision or images.
• Bothnia retina dystrophy: A genetic eye disease which occurs predominantly in a part of Sweden.
• CAR syndrome: A progressive autoimmune eye disease caused by cancer that occurs outside the eye area. It is a type of paraneoplasic cancer which refers to distant neurological effects caused by a cancer. Eye symptoms usually occur before the cancer is detected.
• Cataracts: A condition which is characterized by opacities of the lens of the eyes
• Celiac Disease: Digestive intolerance to gluten in the diet.
• Choroideremia: A rare, inherited, progressive eye disease that causes degeneration of the retina and blindness. The disease usually only affects males.
• Cirrhosis of the liver: Scarring of the liver from alcohol or other causes.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 1: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 1 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 18q21.1-q21.3. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 10: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 10 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 1q22. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 11: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 11 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.3. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 12: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 12 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 4p15.3. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 13: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 13 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 14q11. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 2 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 19113.3. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 3: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 3 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 1p2-p13. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 5: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 5 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 17p13. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 6: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 6 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 17p13.1. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 7: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 7 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 6q12-q13. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 8: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 8 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 1q12-q24. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 9: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 9 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 8p11. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus) glands of the lungs, liver, pancreas, and intestines, causing progressive disability due to multisystem failure.
• Desferrioxamine toxicity: Excessive intake of desferrioxamine (a chelating agent used to treat iron storage disorders) can result in vision problems. Cessation of the drug can result in some improvement in vision
• Diabetes: Symptoms similar to those of diabetes
• Diabetes-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of diabetes
• Diarrhea: Loose, soft, or watery stool.
• Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome: A rare inherited form of eye disease.
• Fundus albipunctatus: A rare genetic eye disease which causes flecks in the retina.
• Ghose-Sachdev-Kumar syndrome: A rare eye disorder characterized by small eyes which suffer glaucoma and progressive vision loss.
• Hyperornithinemia: Excessive levels of ornithine in the blood caused by a deficiency of mitochondrial ornithine aminotransferase.
• Impaired vision: Reduced or degraded vision.
• Keratomalacia: An eye condition caused by severe vitamin A deficiency and characterized by dryness and ulceration of the cornea.
• LORD: A rare, dominantly inherited eye disorder involving degeneration of the retina that starts during the fifth or sixth decade.
• Liver symptoms: Symptoms affecting the liver
• Macular dystrophy, concentric annular: A rare genetic eye disorder characterized by the development of a pigmented ring around a central area that appears normal. It is a relatively benign disorder with vision impairment generally occurring later in life.
• Malabsorption: Dysfunctional absorption
• Mental retardation - hypocupremia - hypobetalipoproteinemia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, low blood copper levels and low betalipoprotein levels in the blood.
• Mental retardation unusual facies ampola type: A rare genetic disease characterized primarily by mental retardation, facial anomalies, short stature, seizures and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Motor and Sensory Neuropathy, Optic Atrophy and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A very rare inherited condition characterized by vision and hearing impairment and muscle and sensory problems. Hearing impairment is progressive and usually starts in early childhood.
• Motor and Sensory Neuropathy, Pigmentary Retinopathy and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A condition described in three generations of one family. The condition is characterized by vision and hearing impairment and muscle and sensory problems. Hearing impairment is progressive and usually starts in early childhood.
• Mucolipidosis type 1: An inherited metabolic disorder where a defect in the enzyme alpha-neuraminidase prevents glycoproteins being metabolized - a milder form of the condition than sialidosis type II.
• Neuraminidase deficiency: A rare inherited disorder involving an enzyme (neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase) deficiency which results in a build up of glycoproteins (sialyloligosaccharides) in the urine.
• Night blindness: Impaired ability to see at night or in the dark
• Night blindness - skeletal anomalies - unusual facies: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by night blindness, a distinctive face and skeletal abnormalities.
• Night blindness, congenital stationary: A rare inherited disorder of the retina that involves the rods of the eyes. A reduced sharpness of vision and night blindness are usually the only symptoms. The disorder is non-progressive.
• Night blindness, congenital stationary, autosomal dominant: A rare inherited disorder of the retina that involves the rods of the eyes. A reduced sharpness of vision and night blindness are usually the only symptoms. The non-progressive disorder is dominantly inherited.
• Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1A: A rare X-linked disorder of the retina that involves the rods of the eyes. A reduced sharpness of vision and night blindness are usually the only symptoms. The non-progressive disorder is linked to a defect at chromosome Xp11.4 and occurs only in males though females may be carriers.
• Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1B: A rare inherited disorder of the retina that involves the rods of the eyes. A reduced sharpness of vision and night blindness are usually the only symptoms. The non-progressive disorder is recessively inherited and is linked to a defect at chromosome 5q35.
• Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 2A: A rare X-linked disorder of the retina that involves the rods of the eyes. A reduced sharpness of vision and night blindness are usually the only symptoms. The non-progressive disorder is linked to a defect at chromosome Xp11.23 and occurs only in males though females may be carriers.
• Night blindness, congenital stationary, type 2B: A rare inherited disorder of the retina that involves the rods of the eyes. A reduced sharpness of vision and night blindness are usually the only symptoms. The non-progressive disorder is recessively inherited and is linked to a defect at chromosome 11q13.1.
• Noble-Bass-Sherman syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by various eye anomalies.
• Obal syndrome: The association of eye problems with severe malnutrition. The condition occurred frequently in soldiers, prisoners of war and people in concentration camps.
• Oguchi disease: A rare genetic eye disorder characterized by night blindness. The night vision impairment is not progressive. The fundus color returns to a normal red when exposed to lack of light for an hour or so (Mitzuo's phenomenon).
• Osteochondrodysplatic dwarfism - deafness - retinitis pigmentosa: A rare syndrome characterized by extreme dwarfism, deafness, progressive scoliosis and retinal pigment anomalies.
• Pigmentary retinopathy: An inherited eye disorder involving degeneration of the retina.
• Reduced nighttime vision in children:
• Refsum Disease: A metabolic disorder where a deficiency of phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase results in a buildup of phytanic acid in the body which causes neurological disorders.
• Refsum disease with increased pipecolic acidemia: A rare disorder involving all the clinical features of Refsum disease as well as high blood levels of L-pipecolic acid. Refsum disease is a metabolic disorder where a deficiency of phytanic acid alpha-hydroxylase results in a buildup of phytanic acid in the body which causes neurological disorders.
• Retinal cone dystrophy 3A: An inherited eye disease characterized by the deterioration of the retinal cones. Type 3A is linked to a defect on chromosome 12p13.
• Retinal cone dystrophy 3B: An inherited eye disease characterized by the deterioration of the retinal cones. Type 3B is linked to a defect on the PKCNV2 gene.
• Retinal degeneration: Degeneration which occurs to the retina of the eye
• Retinitis Pigmentosa: A hereditary group of diseases that cause progressive loss of retinal function
• Retinitis pigmentosa: A hereditary group of diseases that cause progressive loss of retinal function
• Retinitis pigmentosa 27: A rare genetic eye disorder characterized by progressive damage to the retina of the eye which causes progressive vision impairment. Type 27 is caused by a defect on chromosome 14q11.1-q11.2.
• Retinitis pigmentosa 29: A rare genetic eye disorder characterized by progressive damage to the retina of the eye which causes progressive vision impairment. Type 29 is caused by a defect on chromosome 4q32-q34.
• Retinitis punctata albescens: A rare genetic eye disease which causes flecks in the retina.
• Retinoschisis with early hemeralopia: A rare inherited form of eye disease.
• Sialidosis type 1: A rare inherited condition where deficiency of an enzyme called neuraminidase results in epilepsy, ataxia and vision problems as well as characteristic cherry red spots in the macula of the eye. Symptoms may be exacerbated by factors such as smoking and menstrual cycles.
• Sialidosis type 1 and 3: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme (alpha-N-acetylneuraminidase) which results in the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (sialyloligosaccharides and sialylglycopeptides) in various body tissues.
• Sialidosis type 2: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where a defect in the enzyme alpha-neuraminidase prevents glycoproteins being metabolized - a severe form of Sialidosis type I.
• Sialidosis type I: An inherited metabolic disorder where a defect in the enzyme alpha-neuraminidase prevents glycoproteins being metabolized - a milder form of the condition than sialidosis type II.
• Sialidosis type II: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where a defect in the enzyme alpha-neuraminidase prevents glycoproteins being metabolized - a severe form of Sialidosis type I.
• Sorsby's fundus dystrophy: An genetic eye inflammatory disorder.
• Usher Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness and progressive vision loss.
• Usher Syndrome Type 1: A rare inherited disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness at birth or soon after and progressive vision loss which starts during the first decade of life and blindness usually occurs between 20-35 years of age. Symptoms are generally more severe than in type 2 with deafness occurring at birth or during first year and vision loss starting during childhood.
• Usher syndrome, type 1B: A syndrome which is characterised by congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
• Usher syndrome, type 1C: A rare inherited disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness and progressive vision loss which starts during the first decade of life and blindness usually occurs between 20-35 years of age. Symptoms are generally more severe than in type 2 with deafness occurring at birth or during first year and vision loss starting during childhood. The defect occurs on chromosome 11p15.1.
• Usher syndrome, type 1D: A rare inherited disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness and progressive vision loss which starts during the first decade of life and blindness usually occurs between 20-35 years of age. Symptoms are generally more severe than in type 2 with deafness occurring at birth or during first year and vision loss starting during childhood. The defect occurs on chromosome 10q21-q22.
• Usher syndrome, type 1E: A rare inherited disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness and progressive vision loss which starts during the first decade of life and blindness usually occurs between 20-35 years of age. Symptoms are generally more severe than in type 2 with deafness occurring at birth or during first year and vision loss starting during childhood. The defect occurs on chromosome 21q21.
• Usher syndrome, type 1F: A rare inherited disorder characterized by sensorineural deafness and progressive vision loss which starts during the first decade of life and blindness usually occurs between 20-35 years of age. Symptoms are generally more severe than in type 2 with deafness occurring at birth or during first year and vision loss starting during childhood. The defect occurs on chromosome 10q21-q22.
• Usher syndrome, type 2A: A syndrome which is characterised by congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
• Usher syndrome, type 2B: A syndrome which is characterised by congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
• Usher syndrome, type 2C: A syndrome which is characterised by congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
• Vasterbotten dystrophy: A genetic eye disease which occurs predominantly in a part of Sweden.
• Vision changes: Any change in vision or sight.
• Vision distortion: Distortions or changes to vision
• Vision loss: Impaired vision or loss of vision
• Visual problems: Any problems which might occur that affect ones vision
• Vitamin A deficiency: Dietary deficiency of vitamin A

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