...
Is there fever? A significant fever would suggest either pyelonephritis, particularly in females, or acute prostatitis in males.
Is the urine grossly bloody or are there a significant ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there abdominal pain? The presence of abdominal pain with hematuria should first suggest renal calculus, but other causes, such as renal embolism, renal contusion, or laceration, must be considered. ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there significant numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine? This would suggest a UTI. If there are white cell casts or clumps, the infection may be a ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... Most cases of urethral discharge in both males and females are due to gonorrhea or
Chlamydia trachomatis
. When the smear and culture are negative for gonorrhea, a course of tetracycline can be given as a
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... Red urine may be due to hematuria,
hemoglobinuria (hemolytic anemia), myoglobinuria (muscle trauma, myocardial infarction), and coproporphyria or uroporphyria (porphyria).
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Dysuria is a painful or burning sensation during or immediately after urination. This is a common symptom in primary care; nearly 20% of women aged 20–55 will have one episode of dysuria per year. Women have episodes of acute... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hematuria is the intermittent or persistent excretion of red or brown urine that can occur with a variety of clinical symptoms. The amount of blood can be grossly evident or... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Dysuria is defined as pain with urination and is a very common complaint in female children. It is commonly due to either urinary tract infection or perineal irritation from a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hematuria is defined as >5 red blood cells per high-power field in a freshly voided, spun urine specimen. Macroscopic (gross) hematuria is less common, is more likely to be attributed to an identified cause, and is always “... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Proteinuria in children is defined as a quantitative 24-hour urine collection with >4 mg/m2/hour (>100 mg/m2/day) of protein. Semiquantitative definitions... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Dysuria is difficult or painful micturition. One could cover most of the causes simply by considering the inflammatory lesions of the genitourinary tract in ascending order. Thus, there
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... Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of the causes of hematuria ( Table 35 ). One need only visualize the urinary tract and proceed from the
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... There are many causes of proteinuria. The mnemonic VINDICATE is a helpful way of developing a list of possibilities.
PROTEINURIA
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... A significant purulent urethral discharge invariably signals the diagnosis of gonorrhea and, until a Gram stain is done, little consideration is given to the other causes of a nonbloody urethral
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... Apart from hematuria, red urine may signify hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria, suggesting the various hemolytic anemias, the march hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal “cold” hemoglobinuria and nocturnal
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in urine ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... This excretion from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
History and physical ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It’s characteristic of urinary tract infection (UTI) but can also result... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Pseudohematuria (Dyes and Pigments)
Beets
Food dyes
Phenytoin
Rifampin
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... Benign/Physiologic
Fever
Exercise
Orthostatic
Contrast dye
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Dysuria
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Dysuria—painful or difficult urination—is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI)—a common... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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Hematuria
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in the urine.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Urethral discharge from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It’s characteristic of urinary tract infection ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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Dysuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... David M. Quillen
Approach Dysuria is defined as “painful urination.” Acute dysuria is a frequent problem seen in ambulatory practices,... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Hematuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Siegfried Schmidt and Ku-Lang Chang
Hematuria, defined as “blood in the urine,” is encountered frequently in family practice. It can occur as gross (macroscopic)... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Proteinuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Irene M. Hamrick
The prevalence of proteinuria in the general population is 3%, and 5% in healthy adolescents (1). Heavy and persistent proteinuria is associated with the development of end-stage renal disease in
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Urethral Discharge
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... George P.N. Samraj
Discharge from the urethra is a common symptom. The characteristics and the cause of urethral discharge (UD) vary widely. Discharge... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Lower urinary tract infection
❑ Acute pyelonephritis
❑ Urethritis
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Urinary tract infection
❑ Nephrolithiasis
❑ Anticoagulation
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Diabetes
❑ Drugs/toxins
❑ Acute tubular necrosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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Dysuria
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
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... Dysuria (painful or difficult urination) is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI) — a common disorder, especially... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood test, whereas macroscopic hematuria is immediately visible. However,... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Urethral discharge from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection. ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Dysuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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...Dysuria (pain on urination) is usually producedby inflammation of urethra or bladder or both. Principal Causes of Dysuria Urinarytract infection Urethritis ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Table 15.1. Criteria for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections ... References
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Hematuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Hematuria—presenceof blood in urine—can be microscopic (urine is not discolored) orgross (urine has red or brown discoloration). >5 red cells per high-powerfield in centrifuged urinary sediment is... Principal Causes of Hematuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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Proteinuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Proteinuriais a common finding in childhood and adolescence. Usual pathogenesis involves increasein permeability of glomerular basement membrane. Less common isdecreased absorption or increased... Principal Causes of Proteinuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Dysuria—painful or difficult urination—is commonly accompanied by urinary frequency, urgency, or hesitancy. This symptom usually reflects lower urinary tract infection (UTI)—a common disorder,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in urine. Microscopic... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Urethral discharge is an excretion from the urinary meatus that may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It's characteristic of urinary tract infection (UTI) but can also... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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...
Dysuria is difficult or painful micturition. One could cover most of
the causes simply by considering the inflammatory lesions of the
genitourinary tract... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of
the causes of hematuria (Table 35). One need only visualize the
urinary tract and... Pictures
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...
There are many causes of proteinuria. The mnemonic VINDICATE is a
helpful way of developing a list of possibilities.
V—Vascular category should call to mind CHF, hypertension, and ... Pictures
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...
A significant purulent urethral discharge invariably signals the
diagnosis of gonorrhea and, until a Gram stain is done, little consideration
is given to the other causes of a nonbloody urethral discharge. However,... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Apart from hematuria, red urine may signify hemoglobinuria or
myoglobinuria, suggesting the various hemolytic anemias, the march
hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal “cold” hemoglobinuria and nocturnal ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
