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Symptoms » Orange urine » Diagnostic Tests
 

Diagnostic Tests for Orange urine

Diagnostic Test list for Orange urine:

The list of diagnostic tests mentioned in various sources as used in the diagnosis of Orange urine includes:

  • Physical examination
    • Temperature may suggest urinary tract infection, lupus erythematosus or infective endocarditis if there is blood in the urine. If jaundiced may suggest viral hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholangitis or severe alcoholic hepatitis
    • Blood pressure - e.g. if high blood pressure may suggest glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidneys, lupus erythematosus.
    • Cardiovascular examination to look for signs of infective endocarditis which may cause emboli to kidney - e.g. fever, heart murmur, small hemorrhages on the nails.
    • Abdominal palpation for mass in flanks - e.g. bilateral flank masses may suggest polycystic kidneys and hydronephrosis; a unilateral flank mass may suggest a hypernephroma (renal cell cancer), unilateral hydronephrosis, solitary kidney cyst or renal vein thrombosis.
    • Abdominal examination for enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, ascites and palpable gallbladder which may be associated with various causes of jaundice and dark urine
    • Examine for bladder tenderness or enlargement - which may suggest prostatic obstruction and urine retention.
    • Digital rectal examination for enlarged prostate ( benign or malignant) or tender prostate of prostatitis
    • Examine for signs of bleeding disorder - e.g. widespread bruising, swollen joints, bleeding gums.
  • Blood test
    • Full blood count and ESR
    • Renal function tests
    • Anti-streptolysin O titers and serum complement level if suspect glomerulonephritis
    • Coagulation profile to help rule out acquired or hereditary bleeding disorders
    • Antinuclear antibody, dsDNA, Rheumatoid factor may help diagnose lupus erythematosus
    • Liver function tests with Bilirubin level
    • Viral serology for Hepatitis A, B and C and also CMV and EBV if jaundice is present
    • If a rare type of cirrhosis is present, serum copper, caeruloplasmin, alpha-1 antitrypsin and iron studies
  • Urine analysis and microscopy - looking for protein, granular casts and red cell casts suggestive of glomerulonephritis and lupus erythematosus. Look for bilirubin present in jaundice.
  • Urine culture and sensitivity - to diagnose urinary tract infection.
  • Urine cytology - may be useful to detect malignancies of the bladder and lower urinary tract, but is usually negative for kidney cancers.
  • First pass Urine PCR test for gonorrhea and Chlamydia to rule out sexually acquired urethritis
  • Anaerobic culture and AFB smear and culture - to rule out tuberculosis.
  • Radiological investigations
    • Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
    • Renal ultrasound scan may help diagnose a renal cyst, but is less sensitive at detecting lower urinary tract abnormalities
    • Retrograde pyelography
    • If jaundice is present, Upper abdominal ultrasound scan to look for an obstructive cause - e.g. cancer or gallstones.
    • ERCP - if upper abdominal ultrasound suggests obstructive cause outside the liver i.e. dilated bile ducts. Used to diagnose a stone in the common bile duct or biliary obstruction due to cancer.
  • If the above tests do not reveal the cause of blood in the urine, may need to have cystoscopy by Urologist; CT scan of abdomen and pelvis or renal biopsy
  • Renal angiogram and aortogram may be necessary to evaluate hypertension and renal embolism
  • Liver biopsy may be required if upper abdominal ultrasound does not show dilated bile ducts in a person with jaundice

Home Diagnostic Testing

These home medical tests may be relevant to Orange urine causes:


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