Glossary for Photophobia

Medical terms related to Photophobia or mentioned in this section include:

• Absolute Glaucoma: The final stage of blindness in glaucoma in which a glaucoma-induced increase in intraocular pressure results in permanent vision loss.
• Acanthamoeba infection: Infection with a microscopic, free-living ameba that is readily found in the environment - soil, air and water. Most people exposed to the ameba will not become infected but when infections do occur, they tend to affect the eyes, central nervous system or can cause widespread infection throughout the body.
• Acanthamoeba infection of the eye: Infection by an amoebic organism called Acanthamoeba. Infection usually occurs when the amoeba enters through a break in the skin or through the nose. Infection can be localized or systemic where it can involve the central nervous system and cause potentially fatal meningoencephalitis. Infection of the eye can occur by cleaning contact lenses in contaminated water.
• Acanthamoeba keratitis: Infection of the eye with a microscopic, free-living ameba (Acanthamoeba) that is readily found in the environment - soil, air and water. Infection most often occurs through exposure to contaminated water while wearing contact lenses e.g. swimming or showering in infected waters.
• Achromatopsia: Patients who have achromatopsia (sometimes called achromatopia) do not have normal "cone vision.". Although the term may refer to acquired disorders such as color agnosia and cerebral achromatopsia, it typically refers to an autosomal recessive congenital color vision disorder, the inability to perceive color AND to achieve satisfactory visual acuity at high light levels (typically exterior daylight).
• Achromatopsia 2: A rare form of colorblindness involving atypical rod monochromatism which and causing pendular nystagmus and photophobia.
• Achromatopsia 3: A rare form of colorblindness which also involves myopia.
• Achromatopsia incomplete, X-linked: An inherited form of blue color blindness.
• Achromatopsia type 2: A rare form of colorblindness involving atypical rod monochromatism which and causing pendular nystagmus and photophobia.
• Achromatopsia with Myopia: A rare form of colorblindness which also involves myopia.
• Acrodynia: A disease occurring in infants or young children. Symptoms include edema, pruritis, skin rash, extremities are pink, cheeks and nose are scarlet, profuse sweating, digestive disturbance, photophobia, polyneuritis, irritability, listlessness, apathy and failure to thrive.
• Acute megacaryoblastic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. More specifically, it involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes).
• Acute meningitis: Acute meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment: A rare eye disease where the central vision in one or both eyes is affected by inflammation or fluid build up in the retina. The retina lies at the back of the eye. Symptoms such as fever, headache and malaise often precede the eye symptoms. The cause of the condition is unknown but may have autoimmune origins.
• Acute retinal necrosis syndrome: An acute infection of the eye usually caused by the chicken pox virus (varicella-zoster), herpes simplex or cytomegalovirus. One or both eyes may be involved.
• Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: The association of a sudden kidney disorder with eye inflammation. Autoimmune processes are believed to be involved.
• Adam and Eve poisoning: The Adam and Eve plant is a herb with heart-shaped leaves found in Europe. The plant contains a poisonous chemical called calcium oxalate crystals which can cause a variety of symptoms if ingested. Eye exposure can also cause symptoms due to the abrasive nature of the toxic chemical. Ingestion of the plant generally causes severe mouth pain. Skin exposure usually only causes minor, short-lived skin irritation.
• Adie syndrome: A rare condition where the pupil of the eye is dilated and reacts very slowly to light and other stimulus. Knee and ankle reflexes are also impaired.
• Adies Syndrome: A condition where the pupil of one eye responds slower to a stimulus such as light or change in distance than the other as well as reduced or absent tendon reflexes (eg in the ankle and knee jerk reflexes).
• Albinism: A congenital hereditary condition where the patient has little or no melanin pigment resulting in pale skin, whit hair, pink eyes, nystagmus, astigmatism and photophobia. Sufferers face a high risk of extreme sunburn, skin cancer and actinic dermatitis.
• Albinism ocular late onset sensorineural deafness: A rare inherited condition characterized by a lack of eye pigmentation and deafness that usually starts in middle-age. Severity of symptoms is variable.
• Albinism, ocular, autosomal recessive: A rare inherited condition characterized by reduced eye pigmentation with normal, or near normal hair and skin pigmentation.
• Allergic conjunctivitis: also known as vernal catarrah
• Allergies: Immune system over-reaction to various substances.
• Alstrom syndrome: A rare, hereditary genetic disorder which is progressive. Initial symptoms in infants are usually extreme light sensitivity, wobbling of the eyes and sometimes dilated dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Young children quickly gain weight and become obese and as they get older, multiple organ systems may be affected causing blindness, hearing loss, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, liver disease, urological dysfunction, pulmonary fibrosis and renal failure.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber: A rare genetic eye disorder characterized by blindness at birth or within years as well as other eye abnormalities.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 1: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type I is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - chromosome 17p13.1, RETGC1 gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 10: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 10 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - chromosome 12, CEP290 gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 11: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 11 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - chromosome 7q, IMPDH1 gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 2: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 2 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - chromosome 1, RPE65 gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 3: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 3 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - chromosome 14q23.3, RDH12 gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 4: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 4 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - chromosome 17p13.1, AIPL1 gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 5: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 5 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - chromosome 6q11-q16.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 6: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 6 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - RPGRIP1 gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 7: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 7 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - CRX gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 8: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 8 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - CRB1 gene.
• Amaurosis congenita of Leber, type 9: A rare inherited retinal disease (retinal dystrophy) that starts during the fetal stage. Vision impairment is obvious at birth or within months of birth. Type 9 is distinguished from the other forms of this condition by the genetic origin of the defect - chromosome 1p36.
• American mountain fever: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: Bleeding in the space around the brain that occurs from a leak in a weakened or dilated blood vessel under the arachnoid layer of the brain. Death can occur if treatment is not prompt.
• Angelucci's syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by various symptoms associated with vernal (nonbacterial) conjunctivitis. The conjunctivitis tends to recur seasonally and is believed to have allergic origins.
• Austrian syndrome: A condition where alcoholism is associated with heart failure and pneumococcal meningitis.
• Bacterial meningitis: Bacterial meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Baltic myoclonic epilepsy: A rare inherited type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy which tends to cause symptoms during childhood. The involuntary muscle movements tend to occur more frequently and become more severe with increasing age. Symptoms may occur following various stimuli such as light, stress or exercise.
• Barbiturate abuse: Abuse of barbiturate medications
• Benign essential blepharospasm: A neurological disorder where certain eye muscles fail to function properly.
• Benzodiazepine abuse: Abuse of benzodiazepine tranquiliser medications
• Blepharitis: A common eyelid inflammation
• Blepharophimosis, Ptosis, Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by inner canthal folds, lateral displacement of inner canthi and drooping upper eyelid. The severity of symptoms is variable. There are two subtypes of the condition: Type 2 involves eye anomalies as well as female fertility problems whereas type 1 only involves the eye anomalies.
• Blepharophimosis, Ptosis, Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome, type 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by inner canthal folds, lateral displacement of inner canthi and drooping upper eyelid. The severity of symptoms is variable. There are two subtypes of the condition: Type 2 involves eye anomalies as well as female fertility problems whereas type 1 only involves the eye anomalies.
• Blepharophimosis, Ptosis, Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome, type 2: A rare genetic disorder characterized by inner canthal folds, lateral displacement of inner canthi and drooping upper eyelid. The severity of symptoms is variable. There are two subtypes of the condition: Type 2 involves eye anomalies as well as female fertility problems whereas type 1 only involves the eye anomalies.
• Bortonneuse fever: A mild infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia Conorrii. The disease is transmitted by a dog tick (Riphicephalus sanguineus) and is most common in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Incubation usually takes about one week.
• Boston Ivy poisoning: The leaves of the Boston Ivy plant oxalates which is toxic to humans. The severity of symptoms depends on the quantity of leaves consumed. Skin symptoms can also occur if the skin comes into contact with the leaves.
• Botulism food poisoning: Extremely dangerous food poisoning requiring medical attention, but not always recognized because of its non-abdominal symptoms.
• Bradyopsia: An eye anomaly which causes difficulty in adjusting to changes in brightness, light sensitivity and sometimes impaired sharpness of vision.
• Brill disease: A form of recurring typhus caused by a bacterium called Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by lice. The illness may occur years after the initial sickness and tends to be not as severe.
• Brown snake poisoning: The Brown snake is a poisonous Australian snake. They are considered one of the most venomous snakes in the world and their bite can result in death without prompt medical attention. The snake venom contains toxins which affect the blood and nerve systems. Children tend to suffer more severe symptoms due to their smaller body size.
• Caladium poisoning: All parts of the Caladium plant are poisonous, particularly the sap. It contains a compound called calcium oxalate crystals which can cause abrasive injuries on sensitive eyes or mucosal tissues of the digestive tract. The plant is a common houseplant.
• California encephalitis: An uncommon mosquito born virus (California encephalitis virus) which can cause brain inflammation in humans. The severity of symptoms is variable. The incubation period can last from a few days to a week. Infants and children tend to be more severely affected than adults who sometimes have no obvious symptoms.
• Calla poisoning: All parts of the Calla plant are poisonous, particularly the sap. It contains a compound called calcium oxalate crystals which can cause abrasive injuries on sensitive eyes or mucosal tissues of the digestive tract.
• Cataracts: A condition which is characterized by opacities of the lens of the eyes
• Caterpillar complication poisoning: The spines on certain caterpillars can cause a skin reaction as well as systemic symptoms if ingested. The nature of the symptoms vary depending on the species of caterpillar involved. Some only produce skin reactions whereas others can produce systemic symptoms.
• Century Plant poisoning: The Century Plant contains calcium oxalate crystals which can cause abrasive injuries to the eyes or mucosal linings. It can also cause skin inflammation. The sap is the most toxic part of the plant all though other parts such as the thorns can also cause symptoms.
• Charlin's syndrome: A syndrome involving severe pain along the nasociliary nerve which is part of the an eye nerve that leads to the mucosal lining of part of the nose cavity. The pain can be extremely severe in some cases.
• Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: An inherited immune system disorder resulting in frequent infections, lack of skin and eye pigmentation, neurological diseases and early death.
• Chemical burn: A chemical burn is a burn caused by a chemical. Symptoms vary depending on the chemical, the part of the body affected and the duration of the exposure to the chemical. Rapid first aid following exposure can limit the damage caused by the chemical. Chemical burns can occur when certain chemicals are accidentally swallowed, spilt on the skin, splashed in the eyes or even breathed in the case of chemical gases.
• Chemical burn - eyes: Burns to the eye caused by a chemical. Symptoms vary depending on the type, quantity and strength of the chemical involved as well as the duration of the exposure to the chemical and promptness of treatment measures. Immediate medical attention should be sought if chemical burns to the eyes are suspected.
• Chemical burns: burns causing protein coagulation
• Chemical meningitis: Symptomatic aseptic, chemical meningitis is a rare complication of myelography. A number of these cases have a history of one or more episodes of chemical meningitis preceding their arachnoiditis.
• Chemical poisoning - Captan: Captan is a chemical used as a fungicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical is considered to carry a low risk of poisoning through ingestion.
• Chemical poisoning - Di-n-Butyl Phthalate: Di-n-Butyl Phthalate is a chemical which has many applications: plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, nail polish solvent, glow-in-the-dark products, perfumed oil solvent and insect repellant. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Jet Fuel-5: Jet Fuel-5 is an aviation turbine fuel used by the US military. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosphine: Phosphine is a chemical used mainly in pesticides and rodenticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Choroiditis: Inflammation of the part of the eye called the choroid (layer behind the retina). Usually only one eye is affected.
• Chédiak-Higashi syndrome: An inherited immune system disorder characterized by reduced pigmentation, recurrent infection and neurological disorders.
• Classic migraine: Migraine is a neurological disorder that generally involves repeated headaches. Some people also have nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. Most people with migraines do not have any warning before it occurs. However, some people have a visual disturbance called an aura before the headache starts.
• Coats Disease: A rare condition where a small group of dilated blood vessels (telangiectasia) form in the retina of one eye and can result in retinal detachment. It is believed to be a more severe form of Leber military aneurysm.
• Cockayne syndrome type 1: A rare inherited condition characterized by short stature, light sensitivity and a prematurely aged appearance. Type 1 is an early-onset form and involves progressive symptoms that usually start after 1 year of age.
• Cockayne syndrome type 2: A rare inherited condition characterized by severely impaired neurological development. Type 2 is a congenital form of the disorder and symptoms are apparent from birth.
• Cockayne syndrome type 3: A rare inherited condition characterized by short stature, light sensitivity and a prematurely aged appearance. Type 3 is a late onset form of the disorder and symptoms occur in late childhood and tend to be mild.
• Cocky Apple stinging caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Cocky Apple stinging caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Coloboma of iris: A hole in the iris (colored part of the eye) of the eye. The defect may be inherited or caused by surgery or injury to the eye. The severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the defect.
• Coloboma uveal with cleft lip palate and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by a cleft lip and palate, mental retardation and a gap or hole in the iris or uvea of the eye (iris or uveal coloboma).
• Coloboma, cleft lip/palate and mental retardation syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by a cleft lip and palate, mental retardation and a gap or hole in the iris or uvea of the eye (iris or uveal coloboma).
• Colorado tick encephalitis: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Common Woolly Bear moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Common Woolly Bear moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Common migraine: Migraine headaches are recurrent headaches that may be unilateral or bilateral. Migraine headaches may occur with or without a prodrome. The aura of a migraine may consist of neurologic symptoms, such as dizziness, tinnitus, scotomas, photophobia, or visual scintillations (eg, bright zigzag lines).
• Common symptoms: The most common symptoms
• Cone rod dystrophy - amelogenesis imperfecta: A rare genetic disorder characterized by degeneration of parts of the eye that absorb light (cone rod dystrophy) as well as teeth abnormalities.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 1: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 1 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 18q21.1-q21.3. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 10: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 10 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 1q22. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 11: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 11 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.3. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 12: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 12 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 4p15.3. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 13: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 13 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 14q11. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 2 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 19113.3. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 3: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 3 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 1p2-p13. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 5: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 5 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 17p13. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 6: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 6 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 17p13.1. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 7: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 7 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 6q12-q13. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 8: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 8 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 1q12-q24. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Cone-Rod Dystrophy 9: An inherited progressive eye disease involving deterioration of the cones and rods of the eye. The cone and rod cells make up the retina. Type 9 results from a genetic defect on chromosome 8p11. Initially, visual acuity becomes impaired followed by loss of peripheral vision.
• Congenital glaucoma: A form of glaucoma affecting babies and younger children.
• Congenital herpes simplex: An infant born with a herpes simplex infection transmitted through the mother. The infection may be localized or involve various internal organs and even the central nervous system in which case death can occur.
• Conjunctivitis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva
• Cornea disorders: Disorders affecting the cornea of the eye
• Corneal abrasion: scratch on the corneal surface
• Corneal dystrophy - ichthyosis - microcephaly - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized by vision loss, scaly skin, small head and mental retardation.
• Corneal dystrophy, Fuchs' endothelial, 1: A rare inherited eye disorder involving degeneration of the inner (epithelial) layer of the cornea. In type 1, onset occurs early in life (from early childhood) and usually takes about 20 years to affect vision.
• Corneal dystrophy, Fuchs' endothelial, 2: A rare inherited eye disorder involving degeneration of the epithelial layer of the cornea. In type 2, onset occurs later in life (usually 30-40 years of age) and usually takes about 20 years to affect vision.
• Corneal erosion: attrition of the corneal surface
• Corneal ulcer: An ulcer occurring in the cornea.
• Corneodermatoosseous syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by thick, scaly skin on the palms and soles, corneal changes and dental problems.
• Cyclic vomiting syndrome: recurrent attacks of intense nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain with or without headache/ migraine
• Cystinosis: A rare biochemical disorder involving the accumulation of a chemical called cystine in various parts of the body which can cause harmful effects.
• Cystinosis, ocular nonnephropathic: A rare biochemical disorder involving deposits of a chemical called cystine in the cornea of the eye.
• Cystoid Macular Edema: Cystoid macular edema is swelling of the macula as a result of injury, disease or eye surgery. The buildup of fluid in the macula causes vision problems which usually resolves as the macular swelling reduces.
• Cytomegalovirus retinitis: Inflammation of the retina of the eye which can cause blindness. The cytomegalovirus is an easily transmissible viral infection that is common but generally causes no symptoms except in infants and people with weakened immune systems.
• De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by sunlight sensitivity, skin atrophy and pigmentation and skin tumors as well asneurologic involvement.
• Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
• Devil's Ivy poisoning: Devil's Ivy is a vine related to the philodendron plant and contains calcium oxalate crystals which can cause irritation and skin reactions. All parts of the plant are toxic.
• Dieffenbachia poisoning: Dieffenbachia is a common houseplant which has large leaves. The plant contains poisonous chemicals (oxalic acid and asparagine) which can cause various symptoms if large amounts of the plant is ingested.
• EEC syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by absence of fingers and toes, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip or cleft palate.
• Ectrodactyly - Ectodermal Dysplasia - Cleft Lip/Palate Syndrome, Type 1: EEC (Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate) is a rare inherited condition characterized by split hand and foot deformities of variable severity, cleft lip or palate and teeth and hair anomalies. There are two main types of EEC which differ in the origin of the genetic defect. Type 1 is caused by a defect on chromosome 7q11. The severity and type of symptoms and deformities is highly variable.
• Ectrodactyly - Ectodermal Dysplasia - Cleft Lip/Palate Syndrome, Type 3: EEC (Ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate) is a rare inherited condition characterized by split hand and foot deformities of variable severity, cleft lip or palate and teeth and hair anomalies. There are two main types of EEC which differ in the origin of the genetic defect. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 3q27. The severity and type of symptoms and deformities is highly variable.
• Encephalitis: Infection of the brain (as a symptom)
• Exertional headaches: Headaches that occur after physical exertion
• Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: A rare type of cancer where the B cells (a type of white blood cell) in lymph tissue associated with mucosa begin to proliferate. The cancer can affect any mucosal membrane tissue but is most common in the gastric mucosal membranes. Symptoms may vary considerable depending on the stage and location of the cancer.
• Eye Herpes: Eye infection caused by herpes simplex virus; may result in corneal ulcer
• Eye conditions: Any condition that affects the eyes
• Eye infection: AN infection that occurs in the eye
• Eye inflammation: Inflammation of the orbit of the eye
• Eye pain: Pain affecting the eye
• Eye symptoms: Symptoms affecting the eye
• FLOTCH syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Fenton-Wilkinson-Toselano syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by ataxia, light sensitivity and short stature.
• Fresh Mangrove caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Fresh Mangrove caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Friedel Heid Grosshans syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease resulting from autoimmune dysfunction. In generalized myasthenia gravis weakness develops mainly in the limbs and trunk. The severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Most patients suffer increased severity of symptoms during the day with improvement after sleeping.
• Gerlier disease: A disease that occurs usually in farm workers who are exposed to cattle. The condition is usually seen in some parts of Switzerland. Symptoms tend to resolve themselves within a few months.
• Glanders: An infectious disease caused by a bacterium (Burkholderia mallei). It is usually a disease that affects horses and mules but can also infect other animals and humans. Human infection usually occurs in laboratory settings or in those with prolonged contact with infected animals. Symptoms are determined by whether infection occurs through the skin or via the lungs or blood stream. Bloodstream infections are the most severe and usually result in death within weeks.
• Glaucoma: A condition which affects the eye and characterized by an increase in the intraocular pressure
• Glaucoma in phacomatoses: Developmental glaucomas with associated ocular or systemic anomalies.
• Glaucoma, congenital: Glaucoma that is present at birth. Glaucoma is an eye condition where the pressure inside the eyeball is increased which can cause progressive vision problems. It may be a result of drainage structure abnormalities within the eye or may occur as a result of other conditions
• Golden club poisoning: The golden club is a water plant that has rhizomes (thick roots) under the water and flowers on a long stem above the water. The plant contains calcium oxalate crystals which can cause abrasive injuries on sensitive eyes or mucosal tissues of the digestive tract. The plant is considered mildly toxic if eaten and can cause skin and eye symptoms on exposure. The roots and seeds may be eaten if they are prepared properly - boiled with frequent water changes.
• Gradenigo's syndrome: A complication that can develop from a middle ear infection that spreads to the mastoid bone of the skull. The syndrome involves the association of headache, ear infection and sixth cranial nerve palsy.
• Graft-versus-host disease: A disease characterised by an immune response as a result of a transplantation or transfusion resulting in a widespread systemic inflammatory response
• Grapeleaf skeletonizer caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the grapeleaf skeletonizer caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Graves disease: A condition which is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid resulting hyperthyroidism
• Green dragon poisoning: The green dragon is a herbaceous plant which bears inconspicuous flowers. The plant contains calcium oxalate crystals which can cause various symptoms if eaten. Severe mouth pain is usually associated with eating parts of the plant which usually prevents further ingestion.
• Gypsy moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Gypsy moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• HHV-6 encephalitis: A rare condition that usually occurs in immunocompromised people such as those undergoing transplants or HIV patients. The condition causes neurological symptoms.
• Hair defect photosensitivity mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, sensitivity to light and sparse, fragile hair.
• Hair defect with photosensitivity and mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, sensitivity to light and sparse, fragile hair
• Hangover: Condition following excessive alcohol consumption.
• Hanhart syndrome type IV: A rare disorder where a genetic error of amino acid metabolism results in thickened skin on palms and soles, skin lumps, mental retardation and finger, toe, eye, hair and teeth abnormalities.
• Heerfordt syndrome: A disorder sometimes associated with sarcoidosis and characterized by inflammation of the uvea of the eye, enlarged salivary gland, fever and facial paralysis.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 3: A rare, dominantly inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Hemiplegic migraine, familial type 4: A rare, dominantly inherited form of migraine that characteristically causes temporary paralysis on one side of the body and involves the presence of an aura. A migraine episode may be triggered by minimal trauma to the head. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Hemophilus influenzae B: Bacterial respiratory infection with dangerous complications.
• Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by various degrees of albinism, bleeding due to a platelet defect and accumulation of a waxy substance in cells (lysosomal ceroid storage).
• Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 2: A rare disorder characterized by various degrees of albinism, bleeding due to a platelet defect, an accumulation of a waxy substance in cells (lysosomal ceroid storage) and immunodeficiency. HPS type 2 differs from type 1 in that it also involves immunodeficiency due to congenital neutropenia.
• Herpetic keratitis: A corneal inflammation due to a herpes virus - either herpes simplex or herpes zoster virus.
• Hickory tussock moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Hickory tussock moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Hypopigmented lesions in children:
• Hypotrichosis - ichthyosis, congenital: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized by dry, scaly skin and sparse hair.
• Ichthyosis follicularis-atrichia-photophobia syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by loss of hair, sensitivity to light and a skin disorder.
• Ichthyosis with hypotrichosis, autosomal recessive: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized by dry, scaly skin and sparse hair.
• Ichthyosis, Keratosis Follicularis Spinulosa Decalvans: A rare inherited skin disorder where the skin around hair follicles becomes stiffened and the resulting scarring causes hair loss.
• Infantile Glaucoma: Primary infantile glaucoma is a rare developmental defect in the iridocorneal filtration angle of the anterior chamber that causes a relative obstruction of egress of aqueous fluid from the eye. This obstruction can cause increases in the intraocular pressure, which if untreated can damage the optic nerve.
• Iridocorneal dysgenesis: The iridocorneal dysgenesis syndromes are a group of very rare, congenital, usually bilateral conditions resulting from abnormal embryological development of the anterior segment.
• Iridocyclitis: Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body (just behind the iris) of the eye.
• Iritis: Inflammation of the iris
• Italian arum poisoning: Italian arum is a herbaceous plant which has heart-shaped leaves and small flowers surrounded by a spathe. It is often used indoors or outdoors as an ornamental plant. The plant contains calcium oxalate crystals which can cause abrasive injuries on sensitive eyes or mucosal tissues of the digestive tract. Eating the plant causes severe mouth pain and swelling.
• Judge-Misch-Wright syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by thickened skin on palms and soles as well as around the mouth.
• Juvenile dermatomyositis: A very rare autoimmune disorder where the body's own immune system attacks blood vessels and causes them to become inflamed. The condition is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic pinkish-purple rash.
• Keratitis: Cornea inflammation.
• Keratitis fugax hereditaria: An inherited eye disorder involving recurring corneal inflammation. The number of attacks is variable with anywhere from 2 to even 8 or more episodes occurring each year. The attacks become less severe and less frequent after the age of 50. Symptoms can persist from days to weeks.
• Keratitis, hereditary: A very rare inherited eye disorder characterized by corneal inflammation. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Keratoconus: A rare degenerative eye disorder where the corneas of the eye become progressively thinner and cone-shaped which affects vision.
• Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans: A rare inherited skin disorder affecting mostly males and characterized by hardening of skin around hair follicles which leads to scarring and loss of hair. The skin on the face, neck, forearms and other areas can also be affected.
• Keratosis palmoplantaris - corneal dystrophy: A rare condition where a deficiency of a liver enzyme (tyrosinase aminotransferase) causes tyrosine levels in the blood to increase and result in eye problems, mental retardation and horny skin lesions which develop on pressure points on the hands and feet.
• Kraemer syndrome: A rare disorder caused by an abscess in the sclera which results in eye problems.
• Lantana poisoning: Lantana is a small flowering shrub with spiny stems. It bears small clusters of colorful flowers on a stalk and small green fruit which become dark when ripe. The plant contains a chemical called triterpene which can cause poisoning symptoms if eaten. Death can occur if sufficient quantities are eaten as the chemical is quite toxic. The green berries are considered the most toxic part of the plant but the leaves are also poisonous but less likely to be eaten. Skin irritation can also result from skin contact with the plant.
• Late onset dominant cone dystrophy: An inherited eye condition characterized by progressive loss of visual acuity which starts after the age of 20 years.
• Late onset dominant cone dystrophy with early blue cone involvement: An inherited eye condition characterized by progressive loss of visual acuity which starts after the age of 20 years.
• Lattice corneal dystrophy type 1: A genetic eye disorder where the cornea of the eye develops abnormal, lattice-shaped lines caused by abnormal deposits of a substance called amyloid. There are three different types of corneal dystrophy: type 1 is a dominantly inherited form with an early onset of vision impairment, type 2 is a less severe eye disorder but involves systemic amyloidosis and type 3 is a recessive form that usually starts after the age of 70.
• Lattice corneal dystrophy type 2: A genetic eye disorder where the cornea of the eye develops abnormal, lattice-shaped lines caused by abnormal deposits of a substance called amyloid. There are three different types of corneal dystrophy: type 1 is a dominantly inherited form with an early onset of vision impairment, type 2 is a less severe eye disorder but is associated with systemic amyloidosis (Meretoja's syndrome) and type 3 is a recessive form that usually starts after the age of 70. Type II generally does not cause vision problems until later in life.
• Lattice corneal dystrophy type 3: shaped lines caused by abnormal deposits of a substance called amyloid. There are three different types of corneal dystrophy: type 1 is a dominantly inherited form with an early onset of vision impairment, type 2 is a less severe eye disorder but is associated with systemic amyloidosis (Meretoja's syndrome) and type 3 is a recessive form that usually starts after the age of 70.
• Leukonychia totalis - trichilemmal cysts - cilliary dystrophy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.
• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis: Rodent-borne viral disease often causing meningitis or encephalitis
• Lysteria monocytoigeneses meningitis: A very rare form of meningitis (bacterial infection of the brain membrane or meninges) caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The condition is more common in the elderly and those with poor immune system and death is common.
• Macular dystrophy, corneal type 1: A rare genetic eye disease that affects the cornea. The condition is progressive.
• Map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy.: Eye cornea condition
• Measles: Once common viral infection now rare due to vaccination.
• Mediterranean myoclonic epilepsy: A rare inherited type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy which tends to cause symptoms during childhood. The involuntary muscle movements tend to occur more frequently and become more severe with increasing age. Symptoms may occur following various stimuli such as light, stress or exercise.
• Melioidosis: Bacterial infection from soil or water.
• Meninges cancer: A disorder where a cancerous malignancy is found in the meninges of the brain
• Meningitis: Infection of the membrane around the brain (as a symptom)
• Meningococcal disease: Dangerous bacterial infection causing meningitis or bacteremia.
• Meningoencephalitis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation of the brain and meninges
• Mental retardation, Buenos Aires type: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, physical retardation, unusual facial appearance and heart and kidney defects.
• Mesquite Buck moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Mesquite Buck moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Mesquite stinger caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Mesquite stinger caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Microcephaly albinism digital anomalies syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a small head, lack of eye, skin and hair pigmentation and finger and toe abnormalities.
• Migraine: Severe complex headaches that occur periodically
• Migraine with aura, susceptibility to, 9: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 5q21. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms. The headaches can last between 4 hours and 3 days.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 1: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4q24. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms. The headaches usually last between 4 hours and 3 days.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 10: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 17p13. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms. The headaches can last between 4 hours and 3 days.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 11: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 18q12. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 2: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome Xq. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms. The headaches can last between 4 hours and 3 days.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 3: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 6p21.2-p12.2. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms. The headaches tend to last for more than twelve hours and can occur as often as weekly and as rarely as yearly.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 4: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 14q21.2-q22.3. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms. The headaches can last between 4 hours and 3 days.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 5: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms. The headaches can last between 4 hours and 3 days.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 6: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 1q31. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 7: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 15q11.2-q12. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms. The headaches can last between 4 hours and 3 days.
• Migraine with or without aura, susceptibility to, 8: A form of migraine caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 5q21. Physical activity can exacerbate symptoms.
• Mountain fever: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Mountain tick fever: A viral disease transmitted through the bite of ticks (Rocky Mountain wood tick and American dog tick) who are infected with the virus. Because the virus infects blood cells including erythrocytes, transmission can also occur through transfusion with infected blood but this is uncommon. Infection is most common in Canada and parts of western US. The incubation period usually lasts between 3 and 6 days but can be as long as a few weeks. The virus tends to cause to periods of fever each lasting for a few days.
• Moynahan syndrome III: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by short stature, defective tooth enamel, clubfoot, skin problems and a variety of other anomalies. Blisters tend to occur during the warmer months of the year.
• Mucoepithelial dysplasia, Witkop type: A rare inherited disorder primarily involving mucosal lesions throughout the body as well as skin, hair and lung problems.
• Multifocal choroiditis: A rare eye disorder involving idiopathic inflammation of the choroid of the eye.
• Myoclonus progressive epilepsy of Unverricht and Lundborg: A rare genetic brain disease characterized by convulsions which become progressively worse. Modern treatment can have a big effect on the prognosis.
• Neovascular glaucoma: Numerous secondary ocular and systemic diseases that share one common element, retinal ischemia/hypoxia and subsequent release of an angiogenesis factor, cause NVG. This angiogenesis factor causes new blood vessel growth from preexisting vascular structure. Depending on the progression of NVG, it can cause glaucoma either through secondary open-angle or secondary closed-angle mechanisms.
• Nerve symptoms: Symptoms affecting the nerves
• Neurological chronic fatigue syndrome: Neurological chronic fatigue syndrome is a chronic fatigue condition which tends to be dominated by neurological symptoms. Symptoms tend to be more severe than other forms of CFS. The condition is often debilitating and may be difficult to diagnose due to lack of specific tests for the condition.
• Obal syndrome: The association of eye problems with severe malnutrition. The condition occurred frequently in soldiers, prisoners of war and people in concentration camps.
• Ocular Albinism type 1: A rare eye disorder characterized primarily by lack of eye pigmentation. Females tend to have few if any symptoms as the condition is X-linked.
• Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease resulting from autoimmune dysfunction. In ocular myasthenia gravis, only the eye muscles are affected. A significant number of patients with ocular myasthenia gravis go on to develop symptoms in other muscles.
• Ocular albinism X-linked, recessive: A rare eye disorder characterized primarily by lack of eye pigmentation. As the anomaly is inherited in a X-linked manner, only males develop symptoms with females simply being carriers for the genetic anomaly.
• Oculocutaneous tyrosinemia: A rare condition where a deficiency of a liver enzyme (tyrosinase aminotransferase) causes tyrosine levels in the blood to increase and result in eye problems, mental retardation and horny skin lesions.
• Oleander caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Oleander caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Open-angle glaucoma: Vision damage from a slow chronic buildup of fluid pressure in the eye.
• Opitc atrophy and cataract, autosomal dominant: A very rare, dominantly inherited disorder characterized mainly by progressive optic nerve dysfunction, cataracts and neurological symptom. The neurological symptoms are usually very mild or don't even occur.
• Optic atrophy 1 and deafness: A form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Deafness is also present and vision loss is usually mild. Some patients develop neurological symptoms later in life. The disorder is caused by a genetic defect (3q28-q29).
• Optic atrophy 2: An early onset form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Neurological symptoms are usually present and vision loss progresses very slowly. The disorder is caused by a genetic defect (Xp11.4-p11.21).
• Optic atrophy 5: An early onset form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Vision loss was usually moderate. The eye disorder is caused by a genetic defect (22q12.1-q13.1).
• Optic atrophy 6: An early onset form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Vision loss progresses very slowly. The eye disorder is caused by a genetic defect (8q21-q22).
• Optic atrophy and cataract, autosomal dominant: A very rare, dominantly inherited disorder characterized mainly by progressive optic nerve dysfunction, cataracts and neurological symptom. The neurological symptoms are usually very mild or don't even occur.
• Optic atrophy, autosomal dominant: A very rare, dominantly inherited form of optic atrophy characterized mainly by progressive optic nerve dysfunction, impaired color vision and pale optic discs.
• Pain: Any type of pain sensation symptoms.
• Pale tussock moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Pale tussock moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Paming moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Paming moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Panuveitis: Inflammation of the whole uvea. The uvea is the middle coat of the eye.
• Pfiesteria piscicida poisoning: Pfiesteria piscicida is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pfiesteria poisoning: Pfiesteria is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pfiesteria shumwayae poisoning: Pfiesteria shumwayae is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Plant poisoning - Calcium oxalate crystals: Calcium oxalate crystals is a chemical found naturally in plants such as dumb cane and rhubarb leaves. The amount of calcium oxalate crystals varies amongst species of plant. The crystals are quite sharp and abrasive and ingestion of plants containing them can cause abrasive and irritation injuries. Eating large amounts can cause kidney and liver damage and even death in serious cases.
• Pregnancy toxemia /hypertension: Preeclampsia is the development of high blood pressure, excess protein in the urine and swelling during pregnancy. Hypertension is a serious health condition due to the fact that it often causes no symptoms until it is severe. The blood pressure usually returns to normal after delivery.
• Primary glaucoma, congenital: Glaucoma that is present at birth. Glaucoma is an eye condition where the pressure inside the eyeball is increased which can cause progressive vision problems. It may be a result of drainage structure abnormalities within the eye.
• Processionary tree caterpillar poisoning: A dark, grey-black caterpillar which can cause varying symptoms on contact with its hairs or spines.
• Protoporphyria: An inherited disorder where an enzyme defect causes excess protoporphyrin to build up in the skin. The protoporphyrin reacts to light and causes a painful burning sensation on the skin.
• Pseudohypoparathyroidism: An inherited disorder where the body is unable to respond to the parathyroid hormone even though there are normal levels of it. Impaired bone growth is the main feature of this disorder.
• Rabies: An infectious disease that can affect any mammal including humans and is transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal. The infectious agent is the Neurotropic lyssavirus which affects the salivary gland and also causes neurological symptoms.
• Randa's Eyed Silk moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Randa's Eyed Silk moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Red Whelk poisoning: Red Whelk are colorful, carnivorous snail found mainly in Britain and Japan. The salivary gland of some whelks contains tetramine which can cause symptoms in humans if eaten. Raw, cooked or canned whelk can cause poisoning. Red whelk have the highest concentration of toxins in the summer. Whelk is often used as fish bait.
• Red eye: Redness of the eyes
• Red skin pigment anomaly of New Guinea: A rare skin anomaly observed in New Guinea natives where the skin is a reddish-brown color rather than the normal black.
• Reiter’s syndrome: A form of reactive arthritis characterized by arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis and skin lesions.
• Retinal degeneration: Degeneration which occurs to the retina of the eye
• Retinohepatoendocrinologic syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by eye, liver and endocrine function abnormalities.
• Rhinosporidiosis: An infectious disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi which occurs mainly in the nasal cavity or nearby mucosa-lined structures such as the conjunctiva. On rare occasions other parts of the body may be infected e.g. genital, rectum, ear and skin. The infection tends to persist for long periods of time (sometimes decades) and occasionally secondary bacterial infection can occur. Infection usually occurs through exposure to stagnant water contaminated with the infectious agent.
• Ricketttsialpox: An infectious disease caused by Rickettsia akari and transmitted by mice mites.
• River Blindness: Skin and eye infection caused by the helminth (worm) 'Onchocerca volvulus', transmitted via fly bites and usually seen only in parts of Africa, the Middle East and South America
• Rod Monochromacy 2: A rare form of colorblindness involving atypical rod monochromatism which and causing pendular nystagmus and photophobia.
• Rod Monochromatism 2: A rare form of colorblindness involving atypical rod monochromatism which and causing pendular nystagmus and photophobia.
• Roundworm: A worm of the class nematode
• Satin moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Satin moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Sea nettle sting: The Sea Nettle is a poisonous jellyfish found in coastal parts of the Atlantic and Gulf areas - especially eastern US. The jellyfish usually only causes a relatively minor skin rash but prolonged exposure can result in muscle cramps and breathing problems. The severity of the sting depends on the level of exposure.
• Sei whale poisoning: The Sei whale is eaten in certain parts of Asia. Eating the liver of the Sei whale can cause poisoning symptoms in humans if sufficient quantities are consumed. It is believed that the poisoning results from the very high levels of vitamin A in the liver.
• Sensations: Changes to sensations or the senses
• Senter syndrome: A rare genetic ectodermal disorder characterized by ichthyosiform erythroderma and sensorineural deafness.
• Siemens syndrome: A rare inherited skin disorder where the skin around hair follicles becomes stiffened and the resulting scarring causes hair loss.
• Silver Spotted Tiger moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Silver Spotted Tiger moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Spiny elm caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Spiny Elm caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Stargardt Disease: An autosomal recessive condition which causes juvenile macular degeneration
• Stargardt disease 1: A rare genetic eye disorder that affects children and involves degeneration of the macula which is responsible for central vision which allows detailed visual function such as reading.
• Stargardt disease 3: A rare genetic eye disorder that affects children and involves degeneration of the macula which is responsible for central vision which allows detailed visual function such as reading. Type 3 is caused by a defect in the ELOVL4 gene.
• Stargardt disease 4: A rare genetic eye disorder that affects children and involves degeneration of the macula which is responsible for central vision which allows detailed visual function such as reading. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 4.
• Steroid induced glaucoma.: Steroid-induced glaucoma is a form of open-angle glaucoma that has potential to cause the elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) which may develop with inhaled, oral, topical intravenous, periocular, or intravitreal steroid administration.
• Stiff neck: Reduced mobility of the neck
• Stinging Bark caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Stinging Bark caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Stinging Nettle caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Stinging Nettle caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Stinging Rose caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the Stinging Rose caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage: subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding in the area between the brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain. This area is called the subarachnoid space
• Tay Sachs Disease: A condition which is causes GM2 gangliosidosis
• Thyroid eye disease: Thyroid eye disease is an autoimmune eye condition that, while separate from thyroid disease, is often seen in conjunction with Graves' Disease.
• Total colorblindness with Myopia: A rare form of colorblindness which also involves myopia.
• Toxic epidermal necrolysis: A skin condition causing widespread blisters to erupt over greater than 30% of the body.
• Trichinosis: Worm infection usually caught from pigs
• Unverricht-Lundborg disease: A rare inherited type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy which tends to cause symptoms during childhood. The involuntary muscle movements tend to occur more frequently and become more severe with increasing age. Symptoms may occur following various stimuli such as light, stress or exercise.
• Unverricht-Lundborg syndrome: A rare inherited type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy which tends to cause symptoms during childhood. The involuntary muscle movements tend to occur more frequently and become more severe with increasing age. Symptoms may occur following various stimuli such as light, stress or exercise.
• Urban Schosser Spohn syndrome: A condition which is characterised by hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia
• Uveal diseases: Any condition which affects the uvea of the eye
• Uveal melanoma: A condition which is characterised by malignancy of the uvea
• Uveitis: A condition which is the result of inflammation of the uvea
• Vaccinia keratitis: Vaccinia keratitis is an eye condition that occurs when the cornea is exposed to the smallpox virus. This exposure is most likely to occur when a person rubs their eyes after handling or bathing a recently vaccinated child. Symptoms may be severe and permanent damage to vision may result.
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis: A mosquito-borne virus that usually affects horses and related animals but may also infect humans. Young, weak and old people may become very sick and in some cases death can occur. It occurs in Central and South America. The incubation period is 2-5 days. The period of illness is usually 3-8 days but relapses are possible.
• Vision changes: Any change in vision or sight.
• Vitamin B deficiency: When there is a deficiency of vitamin B in the body
• Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by poliosis and hair, skin, eye and ear abnormalities as well as retinal detachment and neurological involvement.
• Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome: The malignant form of cerebrospinal meningitis
• West Nile fever: Mosquito-borne infectious virus.
• West nile encephalitis: A virus that is of the Flavivirus genus that causes the condition West Nile encephalitis
• Western equine encephalitis: An infectious disease caused by an arbovirus (Alphavirus - Togaviraidae) and transmitted by infected mosquitoes. The infection primarily attacks that central nervous system and severity can range from asymptomatic to severe complications and even death in rare cases.
• Western/Eastern/California encephalitis: A mosquito born virus transmitted to humans and sometimes horses.
• Whitaker syndrome: A condition that usually occurs in childhood caused by an autoimmune polyendocrinopathy
• White marked tussock moth caterpillar poisoning: Contact with the poisonous hairs or spines of the White marked tussock moth caterpillar can cause skin rashes or even a hypersensitivity reaction in some cases.
• Xeroderma pigmentosum: A rare pigmentary disease that is caused by an enzyme deficiency
• Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 1: A rare genetic disorder where the enzyme that repairs DNA damage done by UV radiation is defective. It is characterized by sensitivity to sunlight, skin pigmentation and atrophy and actinic skin tumors. The different types of xeroderma pigmentosum vary in the body's ability to repair the damage to DNA done by UV radiation - type 1 has the lowest level of repair and the most neurological complications.
• Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 2: A rare genetic disorder where the enzyme that repairs DNA damage done by UV radiation is defective. It is characterized by sensitivity to sunlight, skin pigmentation and atrophy and actinic skin tumors. The different types of xeroderma pigmentosum vary in the body's ability to repair the damage to DNA done by UV radiation. Type B is often associated with signs of Cockayne syndrome.
• Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 3: A rare genetic disorder where the enzyme that repairs DNA damage done by UV radiation is defective. It is characterized by sensitivity to sunlight, skin pigmentation and atrophy and actinic skin tumors. The different types of xeroderma pigmentosum vary in the body's ability to repair the damage to DNA done by UV radiation. Neurological symptoms are rarely experienced in type 3.
• Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 4: A rare genetic disorder where the enzyme that repairs DNA damage done by UV radiation is defective. It is characterized by sensitivity to sunlight, skin pigmentation and atrophy and actinic skin tumors. The different types of xeroderma pigmentosum vary in the body's ability to repair the damage to DNA done by UV radiation. Type D involves neurological symptoms.
• Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 5: A rare genetic disorder where the enzyme that repairs DNA damage done by UV radiation is defective. It is characterized by sensitivity to sunlight, skin pigmentation and atrophy and actinic skin tumors. The different types of xeroderma pigmentosum vary in the body's ability to repair the damage to DNA done by UV radiation. Type E is a very rare form of the condition and involves mild skin symptoms with no neurological symptoms.
• Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 6: A rare genetic disorder where the enzyme that repairs DNA damage done by UV radiation is defective. It is characterized by sensitivity to sunlight, skin pigmentation and atrophy and actinic skin tumors. The different types of xeroderma pigmentosum vary in the body's ability to repair the damage to DNA done by UV radiation. The skin and neurological symptoms in Type 6 tend to be mild.
• Xeroderma pigmentosum, type 7: A rare genetic disorder where the enzyme that repairs DNA damage done by UV radiation is defective. It is characterized by sensitivity to sunlight, skin pigmentation and atrophy and actinic skin tumors. The different types of xeroderma pigmentosum vary in the body's ability to repair the damage to DNA done by UV radiation. Type G usually involves severe neurological symptoms.

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