Hemorrhoids are dilated perianal veins that become thrombosed or can rupture, producing subcutaneous or submucosal hematomas. They are usually due to chronic constipation but may be the cause of constipation also. Although they are usually considered to be a disease, it is important to remember that they may be a sign of cirrhosis of the liver and other conditions associated with portal hypertension. As such, they may point to the diagnosis of esophageal varices in cases of hematemesis, and their absence would make this diagnosis unlikely.
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Copyright Details: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.
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Title: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs Authors: R. Douglas Collins Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright: 2003 ISBN: 0-7817-3805-9 
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