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Is it acute or chronic? Acute anorexia would most likely be due to an acute febrile disease or acute psychiatric disturbance.
Is there a history of ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there associated headache, papilledema, dementia, or focal neurologic signs? These findings would suggest a space-occupying lesion. ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there fever? The presence of fever would suggest an infectious disease, such as tuberculosis, AIDS, brucellosis, and typhoid fever, but collagen diseases ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a history of alcohol or drug ingestion? Alcohol and many drugs such as digitalis, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antihypertensives, and antibiotics may cause gastric ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Unexplained, involuntary weight loss (defined as loss of 5% of baseline body weight over 6–12 months) is a common clinical presentation and is nearly always a sign of a serious medical or psychiatric illness.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Vomiting is an involuntary forceful extrusion of stomach contents. It is a mediated by a complex reflex that is located in the vomiting center of the medulla oblongata. Reflex vomiting results when afferent fibers of the inner ear,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Weight gain is a very common complaint in adult medicine and has a vast differential diagnosis. The key to diagnosis is often a good history and physical examination. It is important to quantify the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Anorexia refers to a loss of appetite. The hypothalamus is thought to be the center of appetite control, but the stimuli that influence this control are poorly understood. Prolonged anorexia accompanied by weight loss or poor... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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The norm in infants and children is to gain weight, so weight loss in a pediatric patient (unless medically indicated) should demand evaluation. Acute weight loss, defined as loss of 3–5% of body mass in... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Chronic diarrhea (nonbloody, without weight loss) is defined as increased total daily stool output (greater than 10 g/kg/day), associated with increased stool water content; diarrhea is... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diarrhea is considered chronic when it last longer than 14 days. Weight loss with diarrhea should always be concerning and deserves thorough investigation. Collectively the malabsorption syndromes are the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Physiology is the most appropriate basic science to use in developing a list of the causes of anorexia. A good appetite depends on a psychic desire for food; a happy GI tract that is secreting
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... As noted in Table 62, the diagnostic analysis of weight loss is best accomplished by applying physiology. Food and oxygen must be properly and regularly brought into the body
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... It is simple enough to administer a sedative and refer the emotionally distressed patient to a psychiatrist, but the astute diagnostician will want to rule out an organic disease first. Almost every endocrine disease is associated with
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... These two should be considered together, because nausea is just a forme fruste of vomiting. This symptom lends itself well to anatomic analysis, particularly by the target method illustrated on page
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... Anorexia, a lack of appetite in the presence of a physiologic need for food, is a common symptom of GI and endocrine disorders and is characteristic of certain severe psychological disturbances such as anorexia nervosa. It can... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Depression is a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. These feelings may be accompanied by somatic complaints, such as changes in appetite, sleep disturbances,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Nausea is a sensation of profound revulsion to food or of impending vomiting. Typically accompanied by autonomic signs, such as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and tachypnea, it’s closely associated with anorexia and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Weight gain occurs when ingested calories exceed body requirements for energy, causing increased adipose tissue storage. It can also occur when fluid retention causes edema. When weight gain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Depression of the anterior fontanel below the surrounding bony ridges of the skull is a sign of dehydration. A common disorder of infancy and early childhood, dehydration can result from insufficient fluid intake, but typically... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Two groups of neonates are born weighing less than the normal minimum birth weight of 5½ lb (2,500 g) — those who are born prematurely (before 37 weeks’ gestation) and those who are small for... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Weight loss can reflect decreased food intake, decreased food absorption, increased metabolic requirements, or a combination of the three. Its causes include endocrine,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Ankylosing spondylitis
Bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamus (hypothalamic anorexia)
Decreased food intake/malnutrition
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... Central Nervous System Disorders
Increased intracranial pressure
Head trauma
Central nervous system neoplasms
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... Cessation of cigarette smoking
Congenital disorders
Alström syndrome
Biemond syndrome
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... Also known as unipolar disorder, major depression is a syndrome of persistently sad, dysphoric mood, accompanied by disturbances in sleep and appetite, lethargy, and an... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... The key feature of anorexia nervosa is self-imposed starvation, resulting from a distorted body image and an intense, irrational fear of gaining weight, even when the patient is... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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Anorexia
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Anorexia, a lack of appetite in the presence of a physiologic need for food, is a common symptom of GI and endocrine disorders and is characteristic of certain severe psychological disturbances such as... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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Depression
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Depression is a mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. These feelings may be accompanied by somatic complaints, such as... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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Nausea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Nausea is a sensation of profound revulsion to food or of impending vomiting. Often accompanied by autonomic signs, such as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and tachypnea, it’s closely associated with both... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Weight gain occurs when ingested calories exceed body requirements for energy, causing increased adipose tissue storage. It can also occur when fluid retention causes edema. When weight gain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Depression of the anterior fontanel below the surrounding bony ridges of the skull is a sign of dehydration. A common disorder of infancy and early childhood, dehydration can result from insufficient fluid intake, but it... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Two groups of neonates are born weighing less than the normal minimum birth weight of 5½ lb (2,500 g)—those who are born prematurely (before the 37th week of gestation) and those who are... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Weight loss can reflect decreased food intake, decreased food absorption, increased metabolic requirements, or a combination of the three. It may be caused by endocrine, neoplastic, GI, and psychiatric disorders;... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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Anorexia
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Shawn H. Blanchard and Scott A. Fields
Anorexia is defined as the lack or loss of appetite, which can lead to unintentional weight loss. Interestingly, only 50% of people complaining of anorexia actually have... Approach. ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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Depression
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Jeffrey M. Lyness
Depression is a major public health problem because of its high prevalence and attendant morbidity and mortality. Although commonly seen in primary... Approach. ... History and mental status examination (MSE) ... Physical examination. ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment
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Weight Loss
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... David B. Graham
Involuntary weight loss is a challenging problem, often surrounded with fears by both patient and physician of an occult malignancy. Although malignancy is an important cause of weight loss,... Approach. ... History: Initial data ... Basic physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment. ... Pictures
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Nausea and Vomiting
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Eric M. Walsh
Approach Nausea and vomiting are common presenting complaints in office practice. An effective diagnostic approach will consider causes both within the ... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Dysthymia
❑ Major depression
❑ Adjustment... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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Differential Overview
❑ Depression
❑ Drugs
❑ Anorexia nervosa
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Diabetes
❑ Depression
❑ Inadequate intake ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Presenting Symptom
❑ Gastroesophageal reflux
❑ Pregnancy
❑ Psychogenic
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Also known as unipolar disorder, major depression is a syndrome of persistently sad, dysphoric mood accompanied by disturbances in sleep and appetite, lethargy, and an inability to experience pleasure ... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... The key feature of anorexia nervosa is self-imposed starvation resulting from a distorted body image and an intense and irrational fear of gaining weight, even when the patient is obviously emaciated. An anorexic... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Anorexia, a lack of appetite in the presence of a physiologic need for food, is a common symptom of GI and endocrine disorders and is characteristic of certain severe psychological... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Nausea
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
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... Nausea is a sensation of profound revulsion to food or of impending vomiting. Commonly accompanied by such autonomic signs as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and tachypnea, it’s closely... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Weight gain occurs when ingested calories exceed body requirements for energy, causing increased adipose tissue storage. It can also occur when fluid retention causes edema. When weight gain results... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Weight loss can reflect decreased food intake, decreased food absorption, increased metabolic requirements, or a combination of the three. Its causes include endocrine, neoplastic, GI, and psychiatric disorders;... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Impaired weight gain and linear growth arecommon problems in the pediatric population and can occur separatelyor together. Disorders that significantly affect weight gain alsomay affect linear growth. Principal ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Anorexia, a lack of appetite in the presence of a physiologic need for food, is a common symptom of GI and endocrine disorders and is characteristic of certain psychological disturbances such as anorexia nervosa. It... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Nausea is a sensation of profound revulsion to food or of impending vomiting. Typically accompanied by autonomic signs, such as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and tachypnea, it's closely associated with anorexia... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Weight gain occurs when ingested calories exceed body requirements for energy, causing increased adipose tissue storage. It can also occur when fluid retention causes edema. When weight gain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Depression of the anterior fontanel below the surrounding bony ridges of the skull is a sign of dehydration. A common disorder of infancy and early childhood, dehydration can result from insufficient fluid intake, but... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Two groups of neonates are born weighing less than the normal minimum birth weight of 51⁄2 lb (2,500 g)—those who are born prematurely (before 37 weeks' gestation) and those who are small for... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Weight loss can reflect decreased food intake, decreased food absorption, increased metabolic requirements, or a combination of the three. Its causes include endocrine, neoplastic, GI, and psychiatric disorders... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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...
As noted in Table 62, the diagnostic analysis of weight loss
is best accomplished by applying physiology. Food and oxygen must
be properly and regularly brought into the body (intake), properly absorbed
and... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
It is simple enough to administer a sedative and refer the emotionally
distressed patient to a psychiatrist, but the astute diagnostician will want
to rule
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
These two should be considered together, because nausea is just a
forme fruste of vomiting. This symptom lends itself well to anatomic analysis,
particularly by the target method... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Physiology is the most appropriate basic science to use in
developing a list of the causes of anorexia. A good appetite depends on a
psychic desire for food; a happy GI... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
