COUGH
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...
Is it acute or chronic? Acute onset of a cough would suggest an acute URI, viral pneumonia, or bronchopneumonia. A chronic cough is more suggestive of ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Are there exudates? This is a key question when evaluating a sore throat. Most cases of sore throat with exudates will be found to have streptococcal pharyngitis. ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there a history of drug ingestion or injection? This will help diagnose drug reactions and serum sickness, which are common and easily discovered in the history. Patients with glucose-6 ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there a history of drug ingestion or injection? Of course, the history should reveal that the patient has been on a certain drug or has ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Fever is defined as an elevation of normal body temperature (37°C, or 98.6°F). True fever occurs when the body adopts a new thermoregulatory “set point” secondary to the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Sore throat is a common symptom. Many patients incorrectly believe that antibiotics improve the clinical course in all sore throats. Although the vast majority of sore throats are... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Initial history of cough should include an assessment of the production of sputum, and the quantity, quality, and circumstances of the sputum production and coughing episodes. Additionally, associated history and physical findings,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Initial history of cough should include an assessment of the production of sputum. Additionally, associated history and physical findings, with particular attention to the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The etiologies of rash with fever are vast, but a systematic approach will help the clinician quickly narrow the differential. Patients who appear “toxic” with fever and prostration... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Most sore throats and coughs are due to infection. Children may have 5–8 upper respiratory infections per year. The primary differential is between viral and bacterial etiologies, especially group A β-hemolytic... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Cyclic or periodic fever is an unexplained fever that recurs after fever-free periods at almost predictably fixed intervals. True cyclic fever is rather uncommon in childhood; it should be differentiated... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Recurrent or relapsing fever is a cluster of febrile episodes that occur over a period of time, with documented fever-free intervals and without an apparent medical cause for each episode. It should be differentiated from... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a term that is often misused to describe febrile illness without an obvious etiology or without other symptoms. The definition in different studies is arbitrary, but basically refers to at... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
A cough occurs by increased intrathoracic pressure against a closed glottis (Valsalva maneuver), followed by the abrupt opening of the glottis and a sudden expulsion of air. Increased intrathoracic pressure... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
In adults, “chronic” is often defined as more than 3 months of coughing in 2 years, but chronic cough is not as well defined in children. In general, for children, cough of more than 3–4 weeks... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Fever is an elevation of body temperature over the normal daily range for a specific individual in response to different insults. It occurs when the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus is reset to higher... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential diagnosis of cough is best developed with the use of anatomy. Cough may arise from an irritative focus anywhere along the respiratory tract. The irritation may be intrinsic, in which case
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The differential diagnosis of fever is best developed using physiology first and anatomy second.
FEVER,
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Breaking down the orophraynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE to
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. It's most prevalent in... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body's mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn't remove. It's a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Fever
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...Pyrexia
A fever is a common sign that can arise from many disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, a fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn't yield sputum or blood. It's one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
Coughing is a... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Acute
Viral upper respiratory infection
Pharyngitis
Rhinitis
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... 1. Samiy AH, Douglas RG, Barondess JA (eds): Textbook of Diagnostic Medicine. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1987.
2. Fraser RG, et al. (eds): Diagnosis of
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Neuromuscular Causes
Ingestion or overdose (e.g., tranquilizers, sedatives, anesthetics, anticholinesterases)
Cerebral, brainstem, or high spinal-cord injury or infarct
Primary neuromuscular disease
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Central Causes
Voluntary hyperventilation
Anxiety, pain
Hypoxia
Fever
Salicylate toxicity
Head trauma
Brain tumor
Central nervous system
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Central Nervous System Disorders
Drug intoxication
Sedatives
Tranquilizers
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Infection
Bacterial
Bacterial endocarditis
Sinusitis
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Infections
Bacterial
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Salmonella spp.
Haemophilus influenzae
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... In patients with essentially normal lung tissue, acute respiratory failure (ARF) usually means partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2)above 50 mm Hg and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), also called hyaline membrane disease, is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. In the United States alone, it kills 40,000 neonates every year. IRDS occurs... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Signs and Symptoms Rapid, shallow breathing; dyspnea, crackles, rhonchi; hypoxemia; bilateral infiltrates on chest X-ray
... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Signs and Symptoms Shallow or deep respirations (or both), air hunger, cyanosis, adventitious breath sounds, confusion, decreased level of consciousness, tachycardia, pulmonary hypertension, irritability,... Treatment (Tx)
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Signs and Symptoms Confusion, apprehension, asterixis, coma, headache, dyspnea, tachypnea, papilledema, depressed reflexes, tachycardia, hypertension or hypotension, arrhythmias,... Treatment (Tx)
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Signs and Symptoms Deep, rapid breathing; dizziness; agitation; circumoral and peripheral paresthesia; carpopedal spasms; twitching; muscle weakness; seizures; arrhythmias ... Treatment (Tx)
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection results from a subgroup of the myxoviruses that resemble paramyxovirus. RSV is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The respiratory system distributes air to the alveoli, where gas exchange — the addition of oxygen (O2) and the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from... External respiration
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory infection that can progress to pneumonia and, eventually, death. The disease was first recognized in 2003 with outbreaks in China, Canada, Singapore, Taiwan, and... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Colorado tick fever is a benign infection caused by the Colorado tick fever arbo-virus and transmitted to humans by a tick. It occurs in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States, mostly in April and May at lower altitudes and in June and... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Lassa fever is an epidemic hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus, an extremely virulent arenavirus. This highly fatal disorder kills 10% to 50% of its victims, but those who survive its early... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An acute infectious disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, relapsing fever (also called tick, fowl-nest, cabin, or vagabond fever or bilious typhoid) is transmitted to humans by lice or... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Acute rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory disease of childhood, in many cases recurrent, that follows a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Rheumatic heart... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a febrile, rash-producing illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. The disease is transmitted to humans by a tick bite.
RMSF is... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection usually caused by the nonmotile, gram-negative coccobacillus Bordetella pertussis and, occasionally, by the related... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. Croup syndrome... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn’t yield sputum or blood. It’s one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Fever is a common sign that can arise from numerous disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Cough
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Désirée A. Lie
Cough is among the top 10 reasons for visits to family physicians in the United States. It accounts for 200 to 400 million episodes of... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Fever
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Lyle J. Fagnan
Fever is a physiologic state in which the body temperature is elevated above the individual’s normal temperature. Patients and clinicians consider fever an... Approach to the febrile patient. ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment. ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Michael L. O’Dell
Fever with an accompanying rash represents a diagnostic challenge for even the most experienced of clinicians, as this combination of signs can represent... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Rhinovirus
❑ Group A streptococci
❑ Ebstein-Barr virus ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Infection
❑ HIV
❑ Tuberculosis
❑ Endocarditis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Viral upper respiratory infection
❑ Asthma
❑ Sinusitis
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Upper respiratory infection
❑ Allergy
❑ Asthma
❑ Chronic bronchitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... In patients with essentially normal lung tissue, acute respiratory failure (ARF) usually means a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (Paco2) greater than 50 mm Hg and a partial... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An acid-base disturbance characterized by reduced alveolar ventilation and manifested by hypercapnia (partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide [Paco2] greater than 45 mm Hg), respiratory acidosis can... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Caused by alveolar hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis is a condition marked by a decrease in partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (Paco2) to below 35 mm Hg.... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Also called hyaline membrane disease and infant respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory distress syndrome is the most common cause of neonatal mortality.
... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A subgroup of the myxoviruses resembling paramyxovirus causes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. RSV is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Often recurrent, acute rheumatic fever is a systemic inflammatory disease of childhood that follows a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Rheumatic heart disease refers to the cardiac manifestations of rheumatic... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Cough, barking
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. Croup... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Cough, productive
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air (from the lungs)... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Fever
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Fever is a common sign that can arise from any one of several disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, fever in the absence of other signs usually... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body’s mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn’t remove. It’s a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Fever
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Fever, or pyrexia, is a common sign that can arise from any one of several disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn’t yield sputum. It’s one of the most common complaints of patients with respiratory disorders.
... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Cough
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Definedas sound that occurs on sudden release of air under high pressure,which is generated by forceful contraction of expiratory musclesagainst a closed glottis. Clinical dilemma is to determine whethercoughing is... Principal Causes of Cough ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Fever
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Occurs whenpathologic process causes body temperature to exceed normal range. DuBois suggested that usual range ofnormal body temperature is 97–100.4°F (36.2–38.0°C)rectal or 96.8–99.3°F (36.0... Principal Causes of Acute Fever ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Fever ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Fever ... Principal Causes of Fever of Unknown Origin ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Fever of Unknown Origin ... Diagnostic Approach: Fever of Unknown Origin ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Sore Throat
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...Sore throat refers to any painful sensationof the pharynx or surrounding tissues and is a common complaintin childhood and adolescence. Principal Causes of Sore Throat Infection ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...Signs of respiratory distress include tachypnea,dyspnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, and cyanosis. Apneais an extreme form of respiratory distress. Respiratory distress(neonatal and postneonatal) is... Principal Causes of Respiratory Distress (Neonatal) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Respiratory Distress (Neonatal) ... Principal Causes of Respiratory Distress (Postneonatal) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Respiratory Distress (Postneonatal) ... Diagnostic Approach: Respiratory Distress ... Principal Causes of Apnea ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Apnea ... Diagnostic Approach: Apnea ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Resonant, brassy, and harsh, a barking cough is part of a complex of signs and symptoms that characterize croup syndrome, a group of pediatric disorders marked by varying degrees of respiratory distress. It's most prevalent in the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Productive coughing is the body's mechanism for clearing airway passages of accumulated secretions that normal mucociliary action doesn't remove. It's a sudden, forceful, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs that contains sputum, blood,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A nonproductive cough is a noisy, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs that doesn't yield sputum or blood. It's one of the most common complaints of patients with... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A fever is a common sign that can arise from many disorders. Because these disorders can affect virtually any body system, a fever in the absence of other signs usually has little diagnostic significance. A persistent high fever, though,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The differential diagnosis of cough is best developed with the use of
anatomy. Cough may arise from an irritative focus anywhere along the
respiratory tract. The irritation may... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The differential diagnosis of fever is best developed using
physiology first and anatomy second.
Physiology. Increased heat in the body is caused by increased
production or... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Breaking down the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic
components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of
sore throat. What is useful... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
