...
Is there a history of alcohol or drug ingestion? Alcohol and many drugs such as digitalis, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antihypertensives, and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a family history of migraine or epilepsy? Migraine and epilepsy both present with abdominal pain.
Is the pain colicky or persistent? Chronic ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Where is the pain located? If it is diffuse, one should consider pancreatitis, mesenteric artery occlusion, or ruptured peptic ulcer. In addition, another viscus may be perforated, such as a ruptured ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Vomiting is an involuntary forceful extrusion of stomach contents. It is a mediated by a complex reflex that is located in the vomiting center of the medulla oblongata. Reflex vomiting results when afferent... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Lower abdominal pain is a common complaint that must be evaluated carefully and systematically to reach the appropriate diagnosis in timely manner. All diagnoses must be considered, with the most emergent etiologies... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Upper abdominal pain is a common presenting symptom. A complete differential diagnosis should be developed based on the organs in the upper abdomen in addition to the associated history and physical... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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In evaluating an acute abdomen, rebound tenderness is one of the most important signs of peritonitis. It is elicited by pressing deeply on the abdomen and then suddenly releasing pressure, which stretches the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Many disease processes, including malignancies, infections, and bowel obstruction, present with abdominal masses. The most serious and dramatic etiology is an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which is responsible for 15,000 deaths... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Abdominal pain is a frequent complaint and associated with an enormous number of causes. Many causes of acute abdominal pain require surgical intervention, so a prompt diagnosis is needed. Diagnostic clues would include the location of the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth that involves an integrated and largely somatic motor response. It represents a protective reflex in the body's defense system. Vomiting may be an initial symptom of an... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Projectile vomiting is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents classically associated with pyloric stenosis. Although pyloric stenosis is one cause, there are many other causes inside and outside the GI tract.
Differential ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Abdominal masses are common presenting signs of malignant solid tumors in children and should be presumed to be such. They require urgent evaluation to rule out compression of internal organs... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... These two should be considered together, because nausea is just a forme fruste of vomiting. This symptom lends itself well to anatomic analysis, particularly by the target
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... As the physician examines the abdomen, how can he or she recall all of the causes of a mass or swelling? The physician should consider the possibilities for the mass’s
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... The GI tract is the only “organ” that really covers the abdomen from one end to the other. Anything that causes an irritation of all or a large portion of this “tube” may cause generalized
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth — the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Commonly detected on routine physical examination, an abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent an... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times,... Emergency interventions
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... Dyspepsia refers to an uncomfortable fullness after meals that's associated with nausea, belching, heartburn and, possibly, cramping and abdominal distention. Frequently aggravated by spicy, fatty, or high-fiber... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Nausea is a sensation of profound revulsion to food or of impending vomiting. Typically accompanied by autonomic signs, such as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and tachypnea, it&rsquo... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Extraluminal compression
Congenital abnormalities
Annular
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... Central Nervous System Disorders
Increased intracranial pressure
Head trauma
Central nervous system neoplasms
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... Diffuse
Gastroenteritis
Peritonitis
Pancreatitis
Leukemia
Sickle cell
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... Abdominal Disorders
Inflammatory disorders
Peritoneum
Peritonitis
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth—the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Commonly detected on routine physical examination, an abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent an enlarged organ, a neoplasm, an abscess, a vascular defect... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can also be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times, such pain signals life-threatening... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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Dyspepsia
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Dyspepsia refers to an uncomfortable fullness after meals that’s associated with nausea, belching, heartburn and, possibly, cramping and abdominal distention. Frequently aggravated by spicy, fatty, or high-fiber foods and by... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Nausea
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Nausea is a sensation of profound revulsion to food or of impending vomiting. Often accompanied by autonomic signs, such as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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Vomiting
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Abdominal Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Richard W. Emerine
Abdominal pain of varying causes, ranging from the functional to the organic, is one of the top ten outpatient complaints; it is the chief complaint for 5% to... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Nausea and Vomiting
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Eric M. Walsh
Approach Nausea and vomiting are common presenting complaints in office practice. An effective diagnostic approach will consider causes both within the gastrointestinal ... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
Presenting Symptom
❑ Gastroesophageal reflux
❑ Pregnancy ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome
❑ Peptic ulcer disease
❑ Cholecystitis
❑ Chronic pancreatitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
Abdominal Mass
❑ Liver enlargement
❑ Spleen enlargement
❑ Fecal mass ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
Generalized/Periumbilical
❑ Gastroenteritis
❑ Obstipation
❑ Small bowel obstruction ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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Abdominal pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but can also be caused by drug use, ingestion of toxins, or disorders of the reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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Vomiting
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth — the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Commonly detected on routine physical examination, an abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent an enlarged organ, a... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times,... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Dyspepsia refers to an uncomfortable fullness after meals that’s associated with nausea, belching, heartburn and, possibly, cramping and abdominal distention. Frequently aggravated by spicy, fatty, or high... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Nausea
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
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... Nausea is a sensation of profound revulsion to food or of impending vomiting. Commonly accompanied by such autonomic signs as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia, pallor, and tachypnea, it’s closely associated with both... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis. ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Many diseasescause abdominal pain, and clinical dilemma is to distinguish life-threateningones from those that are mild and self-limited. Best way to approach diagnosis is toconsider age of child and whether... Principal Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Abdominal Pain ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Abdominal Pain ... Principal Causes of Chronic or Recurrent Abdominal Pain ... Diagnostic Approach: Chronic or Recurrent Abdominal Pain ... References
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...Regurgitation is the nonforceful expulsionof contents from esophagus or stomach, whereas vomiting is the forcefulexpulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. The first partof this chapter is concerned with... Principal Causes of Regurgitation ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Regurgitation ... Diagnostic Approach: Regurgitation ... Principal Causes of Vomiting ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Vomiting ... Diagnostic Approach: Vomiting ... References
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...Although vomiting, abdominal pain, GI bleeding,hematuria, and fever accompany some types of abdominal mass lesions,other types occur without any associated signs and symptoms. Thus,it... Principal Causes of Abdominal Masses ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth—the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Commonly detected on routine physical examination, an abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times, such pain signals life-threatening... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Dyspepsia refers to an uncomfortable fullness after meals that's associated with nausea, belching, heartburn and, possibly, cramping and abdominal distention. Frequently aggravated by... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nausea is a sensation of profound revulsion to food or of impending vomiting. Typically accompanied by autonomic signs, such as hypersalivation, diaphoresis, tachycardia,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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...
These two should be considered together, because nausea is just a
forme fruste of vomiting. This symptom lends itself well to anatomic analysis,
particularly by the target... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
As the physician examines the abdomen, how can he or she recall all of
the causes of a mass or swelling? The physician should consider the
possibilities for the mass’s composition. It may be ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The GI tract is the only “organ” that really covers the abdomen
from one end to the other. Anything that causes an irritation of all or a
large portion... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
