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Symptoms » Syncope » Book Sections
 

Acute Confusional State or Coma, or Both*

Usually No Lateralizing Signs, Normal Brainstem Reflexes


Drug withdrawal after chronic intoxication, especially
   Alcohol
   Barbiturates
   Other sedatives
Drug intoxication, especially
   Atropine
   Amphetamines
   Barbiturates and other neuroleptics
   Bromides
   Caffeine
   Carbon monoxide
   Corticosteroids
   Lithium
   Metoclopramide
   Narcotics
   Scopolamine
   Tricyclic antidepressants
Infectious illness, especially
   Septicemia
   Meningitis
   Pneumonia
   Typhoid fever
   Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
   Rheumatic fever
   Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Central nervous system disorders
   Bilateral subdural hematoma
   Cerebrovascular disease (especially involving parietal or temporal lobes or upper brainstem)
   Viral encephalitis (nonherpetic)
   Subarachnoid hemorrhage
   Hydrocephalus
   Head trauma (e.g., concussion)
   Seizures and postictal state
   Fat embolism
   Migraine
   Carcinomatosis meningitis
Hysterical coma or catatonia
Metabolic causes
   Pancreatitis
   Hyperviscosity syndrome
   Adrenal insufficiency
   Hyponatremia or hypernatremia
   Hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia
   Hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia
   Hypophosphatemia or hyperphosphatemia
   Hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
   Hypoxia
   Hypercarbia
   Congestive heart failure and other hypoperfusion states
   Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
   Hepatic encephalopathy
   Uremia
   Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
   Wernicke's disease
   Porphyria
   Severe metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
   Severe hyperthermia or hypothermia
   Hypo-osmolality or hyperosmolality
   Hypertensive encephalopathy
   Reye's syndrome
   Febrile illness
   Acute psychosis (e.g., postoperative, postpartum)
   Preexisting dementia with superimposed stress

Usually with Lateralizing Signs, Normal
Brainstem Reflexes


Intracerebral hemorrhage
Large cerebral infarction with edema
Herpesvirus encephalitis
Subdural or epidural hematoma or empyema
Tumor (especially with edema)
Brain abscess with edema
Vasculitis with infarction
Metabolic encephalopathy with preexisting focal lesion
Pituitary apoplexy
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Focal seizure or postictal state

Cerebellar or Brainstem Lesion
with Multiple Abnormal Reflexes


Hemorrhage
Neoplasm
Infarct
Contusion
Abscess
Demyelination
Encephalitis
Migraine of basilar artery
Severe drug overdose

*Modified from Wilson JD, et al. (eds): Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14/e. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998, p. 133.

Book Source Details

  • Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
  • Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
  • Year of Publication: 1999
  • Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Other Book Chapters Related to Syncope

Read excerpts from these other book chapters related to Syncope:

Medical Books Excerpts
  • COMA
  • "Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs" (2003)
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  • DELIRIUM
  • "Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs" (2003)
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  • DIZZINESS
  • "Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs" (2003)
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  • SYNCOPE
  • "Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs" (2003)
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  • Aura
  • "In a Page: Signs and Symptoms" (2004)
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  • Syncope
  • "In a Page: Signs and Symptoms" (2004)
  • [ read ]
  • Coma
  • "In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Delirium
  • "In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • DELIRIUM
  • "Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • DIZZINESS
  • "Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • SYNCOPE
  • "Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Aura
  • "Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition)" (2006)
  • [ read ]
  • Dizziness
  • "Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition)" (2006)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition)" (2006)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis" (1999)
  • [ read ]
  • Aura
  • "Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition)" (2006)
  • [ read ]
  • Dizziness
  • "Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition)" (2006)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition)" (2006)
  • [ read ]
  • Coma
  • "The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter" (2000)
  • [ read ]
  • Delirium
  • "The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter" (2000)
  • [ read ]
  • Dizziness
  • "The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter" (2000)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter" (2000)
  • [ read ]
  • Coma
  • "Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Dizziness
  • "Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Aura
  • "Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Dizziness
  • "Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Aura
  • "Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Dizziness
  • "Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • DELIRIUM
  • "Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • DIZZINESS
  • "Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • SYNCOPE
  • "Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care" (2007)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "Pediatric Complaints and Diagnostic Dilemmas" (2003)
  • [ read ]
  • Syncope
  • "The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult" (2008)
  • [ read ]
 

Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 2008 Williams & Wilkins.

More About Causes of Syncope



More About This Book:
Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright: 1999
ISBN: 0-78171-943-7

 » Next page: Dizziness and Vertigo (A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis)

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