...
Is it diffuse or focal? Diffuse scrotal swelling would suggest congestive heart failure, nephrosis, uremia, and cirrhosis, as well as focal disease such as filariasis or ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there a family history of migraine or epilepsy? Migraine and epilepsy both present with abdominal pain.
Is the pain colicky or persistent? Chronic colicky abdominal pain may be due to ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Where is the pain located? If it is diffuse, one should consider pancreatitis, mesenteric artery occlusion, or ruptured peptic ulcer. In addition, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is the pain of acute onset or gradual onset? If it is acute onset, one must consider the possibility of epidural abscess, pyelonephritis, or other abdominal ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is it unilateral or bilateral? Unilateral breast pain should make one think of an infectious process or advanced carcinoma. Bilateral breast ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is the chest pain acute or chronic? If it is acute, one must consider acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is the extremity pain of acute or gradual onset? Acute onset would suggest arterial embolism, deep vein thrombophlebitis, and cellulitis. If there is a history of trauma, it would suggest a fracture ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there limitation of motion of the joints? Limitation of motion of a joint would suggest not only various types of arthritis, fracture, or torn ligaments, but also inflammation of surrounding ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there redness of the eye? Redness of the eye suggests definite eye pathology. Without redness, one should suspect disease in the adjacent structures or retrobulbar ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is the pain constant or intermittent? Intermittent pain would suggest trigeminal neuralgia, cluster headaches, or atypical migraine. Constant pain would suggest any ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there associated fever? The presence of fever along with chest pain should make one think of a perinephric abscess or pyelonephritis. Occasionally, however, hypernephroma can cause ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there fever or localized erythema? Localized erythema would suggest phlebitis, gout, osteomyelitis, cellulitis, ingrown toenail, and paronychia. The presence of fever would make one ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there an associated rash? Presence of a rash, whether it is macular or vesicular, especially if it is in a dermatomal distribution, would suggest herpes zoster. Occasionally, herpes zoster ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Are there abnormalities on inspection of the heel? Inspection of the heel may disclose an ulcer, foreign body, cellulitis, plantar wart, and other ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Is there a positive straight-leg raising test or other neurologic signs? The presence of positive straight-leg raising tests or other ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Low back pain is the second most common cause of doctor visits in the U.S. and is the most common cause of disability. Up to 90% of the population will experience back pain during their lives.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Lower abdominal pain is a common complaint that must be evaluated carefully and systematically to reach the appropriate diagnosis in timely manner. All diagnoses must be considered, with the most emergent etiologies rapidly ruled out,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Upper abdominal pain is a common presenting symptom. A complete differential diagnosis should be developed based on the organs in the upper abdomen in addition to the associated history and physical examination.... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
In evaluating an acute abdomen, rebound tenderness is one of the most important signs of peritonitis. It is elicited by pressing deeply on the abdomen and then suddenly releasing pressure, which... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Breast pain (or mastalgia) is a common complaint that can often be diagnosed by a careful history and physical examination. Pain and tenderness may be normal during early pregnancy and before menses. Breast discharge, however,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The elbow joint is formed by the radius, ulna, and distal humerus. Trauma is a common cause of injury. Injuries frequently result from falling on an outstretched hand and may be associated with nerve... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Pain and/or tenderness on the side of the trunk from the ribs to the ileum is often associated with renal disease; however, nonrenal etiologies are very common. Of course, renal... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Jaw pain is a common presenting or incidental complaint; its etiology is often identified by a careful history and physical examination. In many cases, consultation with a dentist... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Primary care physicians, rheumatologists, and orthopedists frequently encounter complaints about the knee. Because the range of illnesses affecting the knee varies greatly, a thorough history and physical exam are... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Neck stiffness may be caused by inflammation, infection, or trauma. True nuchal rigidity is characterized by the inability to actively or passively touch the chin to the chest and is due to inflammation of the brain... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Pelvic pain is a common primary care complaint that should be distinguished as acute (<6 months) versus chronic (>6 months), and cyclic, noncyclic, or pregnancy-related. Gynecologic, urologic, and>... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The shoulder is a complex arrangement of the humerus held loosely in place by ten muscles acting on the scapula, clavicle, and humerus, which form three articulations (acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The wrist is composed of eight carpal bones that are held in alignment by a series of ligaments and cartilaginous connective tissue. Wrist pain is fairly common in primary care. Although carpal tunnel... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Ankle pain is a common problem that generally occurs secondary to acute or chronic injury or degenerative joint disease. Ankle sprains, most commonly due to traumatic inversion injury, are the most common... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Although most cases of chest pain are due to benign etiologies, such as gastroesophageal reflux or a muscle strain, life-threatening etiologies must be assessed and treated immediately if present. There... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
A scrotal mass may or may not be detected by the patient or the patient's parent. Many are discovered by the clinician during routine physical examinations. Most scrotal masses seen in infants are hydroceles and inguinal hernias; both... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Not all ear pain is otologic; the ears have rich sensory innervation from multiple nerves, and secondary pain is common. Most otologic ear pain has some associated physical findings; if none is present, a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Abdominal pain is a frequent complaint and associated with an enormous number of causes. Many causes of acute abdominal pain require surgical intervention, so a prompt diagnosis is needed. Diagnostic clues would include the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Back pain is an uncommon complaint in children, but relatively more common in adolescents. Although relatively benign causes (such as muscular strain in adolescents) account for the majority of cases, some more... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Chest pain is a frequent complaint in pediatrics, especially in the adolescent age group. Although rarely cardiac in etiology, this often represents the patient's/family's greatest fear. A careful history and physical exam, with attention to... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Hip pain encompasses a broad differential that relies on a focused and detailed history to determine the acute and emergent diagnoses from the less urgent hip problems. The most urgent diagnosis to make... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Knee pain is a common complaint that is readily evaluated by focusing on the anatomic structures. A focused history and exam will often give the diagnosis. Because hip pain can radiate to the knee, a thorough lower extremity exam should... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Acute scrotal pain demands immediate attention. Although not every cause constitutes an emergency, testicular torsion must be discovered immediately to save the testicle. Testicular pain should be... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Many patients presenting with pain in the foot or toes have joint disease (see pages 341 and 343 for a discussion of these differentials). Other anatomic components of the foot and toes may cause pain as well, so a consideration of
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The GI tract is the only “organ” that really covers the abdomen from one end to the other. Anything that causes an irritation of all or a large portion of this “tube” may cause generalized abdominal pain. Thus,
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Nothing is more challenging to diagnose than a case of low back pain. That is why it is so important to have an extensive list of causes in mind before approaching the patient. Anatomy forms the basis for developing such a list (
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An anatomic breakdown of the arm into its components is the key to a sound differential diagnosis in arm pain. Pain may be referred from more proximal portions of the extremity such as the shoulder (e.g.,
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Division of the breast anatomically into various components is interesting but not worthwhile in the differential diagnosis of breast pain. It is rather more instructive and practical to use VINDICATE in developing a
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Hardly a day goes by in a busy practitioner’s office that he or she is not confronted with a patient complaining of chest pain. The main concern, of course, is to exclude an acute myocardial infarction, which is not an
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A painful elbow really does not require a detailed analysis of the anatomy to discover the various causes, almost all of which are bursal or bone and joint disorders. Of course, the skin may be
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... By mental dissection of the epigastrium layer by layer from the skin to the thoracolumbar spine, one encounters all the important organs that are the sites of origin of epigastric pain (
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities for eye pain.
M—Malformations most
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Visualize the structures of the face in a systematic fashion to develop a differential diagnosis of facial pain. With the skin, herpes zoster and carbuncles come to mind. Next, the
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Most cases of flank pain are associated with inflammation of the kidney. As is shown in Table 29 , however, jumping to that conclusion in any given case may be hazardous.
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The anatomic components of the groin consist of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, lymph nodes, the femoral nerve, arteries and veins, and underneath, the hip bones. With these components in mind, it should be easy to develop a
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Visualize the anatomy when a patient presents with pain in the hand or fingers ( Table 31 ). The skin may show contact dermatitis, fungal infection, furuncle, cellulitis, or
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... When confronted with a case of hip pain in an adult, the clinician is most likely to think of fracture or joint inflammation such as osteoarthritis, realizing however that there are many other possibilities (
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Anatomy is the basic science that will open the door to this differential diagnosis. Visualizing the structures in the hypogastrium, one sees the abdominal wall, the bladder and urinary tract, the
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Scrotal swelling occurs when a condition affecting the testicles, epididymis, or scrotal skin produces edema or a mass; the penis may be involved. Scrotal swelling can affect males of any age. It can be... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An unreliable indicator of cancer, breast pain commonly results from benign breast disease. It may occur during rest or movement and may be aggravated by manipulation or palpation. (Breast tenderness refers to pain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times, such pain... Emergency interventions
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Arm pain usually results from musculoskeletal disorders, but it can also stem from neurovascular or cardiovascular disorders. (See Causes of local pain.) In some cases, it may be referred pain from another area, such as the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Back pain affects an estimated 80% of the population; in fact, it's the second leading reason — after the common cold — for lost time from work. Although this symptom may herald... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Chest pain usually results from disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs — the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach. An important indicator of several acute and life-threatening... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Pain in the flank, the area extending from the ribs to the ilium, is a leading indicator of renal and upper urinary tract disease or trauma. Depending on the cause, this symptom may vary from a dull ache to severe... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Jaw pain may arise from either of the two bones that hold the teeth in the jaw — the maxilla (upper jaw) and the mandible (lower jaw). Jaw pain also includes pain in the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Although leg pain commonly signifies a musculoskeletal disorder, it can also result from a more serious vascular or neurologic disorder. The pain may arise suddenly or gradually and may be localized or affect the entire leg.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Neck pain may originate from any neck structure, ranging from the meninges and cervical vertebrae to its blood vessels, muscles, and lymphatic tissue. This symptom can also be referred from other areas of the body. Its location, onset,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may refer to all local... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Throat pain — commonly known as a sore throat — refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Diffuse
Gastroenteritis
Peritonitis
Pancreatitis
Leukemia
Sickle cell crisis
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Abdominal Disorders
Inflammatory disorders
Peritoneum
Peritonitis (chemical or bacterial)
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Functional, mechanical causes: postural imbalance
Anteroposterior (e.g., pregnancy)
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Skin and subcutaneous lesions [including adiposis dolorosa, thrombophlebitis of thoracoepigastric vein (Mondor's disease)]
Breast lesions
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Chest Wall Disease
Bony thorax
Costochondritis (Tietze's syndrome)
Rib
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Fracture
Contusion
Acromial-clavicular joint separation or injuries
Rotator cuff tendinitis or impingement syndrome
Bursitis
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Testicular torsion is an abnormal twisting of the spermatic cord due to rotation of a testis or the mesorchium (a fold in the area between the testis and epididymis), which... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS1) or causalgia (CRPS2), is a chronic pain disorder that results from abnormal healing... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... The striking feature of pain disorder is a persistent complaint of pain in the absence of appropriate physical findings. The symptoms are either inconsistent with the normal... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Scrotal swelling occurs when a condition affecting the testicles, epididymis, or scrotal skin produces edema or a mass; the penis may be involved. Scrotal swelling can affect males of any age. It can be unilateral or bilateral... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An unreliable indicator of cancer, breast pain commonly results from benign breast disease. It may occur during rest or movement and may be aggravated by manipulation or palpation. (Breast tenderness refers to... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can also be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Arm pain
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Arm pain usually results from musculoskeletal disorders, but it can also stem from neurovascular or cardiovascular disorders. (See Causes of localized arm pain, page 74.) In some cases, arm... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Back pain
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Back pain affects an estimated 80% of the population; in fact, it’s the second leading reason—after the common cold—for lost time from work. Although this symptom may herald a spondylogenic disorder, it may also result... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Chest pain
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Chest pain usually results from disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs—the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach. An important indicator of several acute and life... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Facial pain may result from various neurologic, vascular, or infectious disorders. The most common cause of facial pain is trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). In this disorder, intense, paroxysmal facial... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Flank pain
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Pain in the flank, the area extending from the ribs to the ilium, is a leading indicator of renal and upper urinary tract disease or trauma. Depending on the cause, this symptom may vary from a dull ache to severe stabbing or... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Jaw pain
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Jaw pain may arise from either of the two bones that hold the teeth in the jaw—the maxilla (upper jaw) and the mandible (lower jaw). Jaw pain also includes pain in the temporomandibular... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Leg Pain
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Although leg pain commonly signifies a musculoskeletal disorder, it can also result from a more serious vascular or neurologic disorder. The pain may arise suddenly or gradually and may be... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Neck pain
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Neck pain may originate from any neck structure, ranging from the meninges and cervical vertebrae to its blood vessels, muscles, and lymphatic tissue. This symptom can also be referred... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the patient may... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Throat pain—commonly known as a sore throat—refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Chest Pain, Atypical
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Jim Nuovo
Atypical chest pain is defined as pain that does not have a characteristic anginal quality (heaviness or squeezing sensation), precipitating factors (e.g., exertion), or... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Chest Pain, Substernal
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Marie K. Yamamotoya
Substernal chest pain requires a rapid and accurate assessment to identify potentially life-threatening events. Substernal chest pain of cardiac origin encompasses the entire... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Low Back Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Stephen Davis
Approach Low back pain is a common problem with many causes. The differential diagnosis can be grouped into three over-lapping categories: urgent (“red... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Monarticular Joint Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Margaret A. Tryforos
Approach Evaluation of monarticular joint pain should differentiate inflammatory from degenerative conditions and clarify whether... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Abdominal Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Richard W. Emerine
Abdominal pain of varying causes, ranging from the functional to the organic, is one of the top ten outpatient complaints; it is the chief complaint for 5% to 10... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Calf Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Alicia J. Curtin
Calf pain, a common complaint that has many causes, can pose a challenge diagnostically.
Approach Assess potential risk factors and the chronology of events. Common causes... History ... Physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Chronic Pelvic Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Albert A. Meyer
Approach A woman has an approximate 5% chance of having chronic pelvic pain in her lifetime (1). It is defined as an... History ... Physical examination ... Testing (3) ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Hip Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Meredith A. Goodwin and Elise M. Coletta
Approach The evaluation of hip pathology is challenging for several reasons. Compared with other joints, the hip is relatively inaccessible... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Knee Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Charles B. Eaton
Knee pain is a very common condition, ranking number seven in the National Ambulatory Care survey. It has been suggested that 90% of knee pain in patients can be diagnosed... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Neck Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Elise M. Coletta and Meredith A. Goodwin
Approach The differential diagnosis for neck pain can be thought of by pattern of onset (Table 12.8). Disease,... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Pleuritic Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Hal S. Shimazu
Pleuritic pain is the characteristic pain of inflamed pleura (i.e., pleurisy—a term often used synonymously with pleuritic pain). Pleuritic pain arises from parietal pleura and is... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Scrotal Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... George R. Wilson
Approach Most patients seen with scrotal pain are adults and have either epididymitis (1) or varicocele. However, the patient presenting with testicular... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Shoulder Pain
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Gowri Anandarajah
Shoulder pain is the second most frequent orthopedic complaint seen in the primary care setting (1). The joint’s complex anatomy, versatile range of motion... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment (3,4) ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome
❑ Peptic ulcer disease
❑ Cholecystitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Costochondritis
❑ Pneumonia
❑ Rib fracture
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Pain Predominant
❑ Epididymitis
❑ Testicular torsion
❑ Prostatitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Chest wall pain
❑ Angina
❑ Unstable angina ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Ear Pain
❑ Acute otitis media
❑ Acute otitis externa
❑ Eustachian dysfunction ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Maxillary sinusitis
❑ Dental infection
❑ Temporomandibular joint dysfunction ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Musculoligamentous strain
❑ Lumbar disc herniation
❑ ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Generalized/Periumbilical
❑ Gastroenteritis
❑ Obstipation
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Osteoarthritis
❑ Patellofemoral pain
❑ Collateral ligament sprain ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Ankle Pain
❑ Ankle sprain
❑ Fibular fracture ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑Lateral epicondylitis
❑Olecranon bursitis
❑Medial epicondylitis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Conjunctivitis
❑ Corneal abrasion
❑ Foreign body
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑ Ureteral calculus
❑ Acute pyelonephritis
❑ Latissimus strain
... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
❑Hip osteoarthritis
❑Trochanteric bursitis
❑Ischial bursitis
❑Iliopectineal... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Differential Overview
Posterior
❑ Musculoligamentous strain
❑ Cervical spondylosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS1) or causalgia (CRPS2), is a chronic pain disorder that results from abnormal healing after an injury — either minor or major —... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnostic tests ... Treatment ... Special considerations
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Scrotal swelling
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Scrotal swelling occurs when a condition affecting the testicles, epididymis, or scrotal skin produces edema or a mass; the penis may be involved. Scrotal swelling can affect males of any age. It can be unilateral or... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Abdominal pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but can also be caused by drug use, ingestion of toxins, or disorders of the reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular systems. At times, such pain... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Back pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Back pain affects an estimated 80% of the population and is the second leading cause of absence from work. Although this symptom may indicate a spondylogenic disorder, it... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Chest pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs — the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach — are typical causes of chest pain. It can also result from a musculoskeletal or... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Eye pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, itching, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Flank pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Pain in the flank, the area extending from the ribs to the ilium, is a leading indicator of renal and upper urinary tract disease or trauma. Depending on the cause, this symptom may vary... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Jaw pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Jaw pain may arise from either of the two bones that hold the teeth in the jaw — the maxilla (upper jaw) and the mandible (lower jaw). Jaw pain also includes pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), where the mandible... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Neck pain
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
... Neck pain may originate from any neck structure, ranging from the meninges and cervical vertebrae to its blood vessels, muscles, and lymphatic tissue. This symptom can also be referred from other areas of the... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Scrotal swelling occurs when a condition affecting the testicles, epididymis, or scrotal skin produces edema or a mass; the penis may be involved. Scrotal swelling can affect males of any age.... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times, such... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Arm pain usually results from musculoskeletal disorders, but it can also stem from neurovascular or cardiovascular disorders. In some cases, it may be referred pain from another area... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Back pain affects an estimated 80% of the U.S. population; in fact, it’s the second leading reason — after the common cold — for lost time from work. Although this symptom may herald a spondylogenic... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An unreliable indicator of cancer, breast pain commonly results from benign breast disease. Also known as mastalgia, breast pain may occur during rest or movement and may be aggravated by manipulation or... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Chest pain usually results from disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs — the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach. An important indicator of several acute... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain, or ophthalmalgia, may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Facial pain may result from various neurologic, vascular, or infectious disorders. The most common cause of facial pain is trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux). Typically paroxysmal and intense, facial pain may occur along... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Pain in the flank, the area extending from the ribs to the ilium, is a leading indicator of renal and upper urinary tract disease or trauma. Depending on the cause, this symptom may vary from a dull ache to severe stabbing... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Jaw pain may arise from either of the two bones that hold the teeth in the jaw — the maxilla (upper jaw) and the mandible (lower jaw). Jaw pain also includes pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), where... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Although leg pain commonly signifies a musculoskeletal disorder, it can also result from a more serious vascular or neurologic disorder. The pain may arise suddenly or gradually and may be localized... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Neck pain may originate from any neck structure, ranging from the meninges and cervical vertebrae to its blood vessels, muscles, and lymphatic tissue. This symptom can also be referred from other areas of the body. Its location, onset, and... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter, the... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Throat pain — also known as a sore throat — refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Many diseasescause abdominal pain, and clinical dilemma is to distinguish life-threateningones from those that are mild and self-limited. Best way to approach diagnosis is... Principal Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Acute Abdominal Pain ... Diagnostic Approach: Acute Abdominal Pain ... Principal Causes of Chronic or Recurrent Abdominal Pain ... Diagnostic Approach: Chronic or Recurrent Abdominal Pain ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Back Pain
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...Although less common in children than inadults, a specific cause can frequently be identified. Principal Causes of Back Pain Congenital Spineanomalies ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
Chest Pain
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE (free access, no registration)
...Although chest pain is common complaint inchildren and adolescents, serious underlying disease presentingas chest pain is uncommon in this population. Principal Causes of Chest Pain ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Scrotal swelling occurs when a condition affecting the testicles, epididymis, or scrotal skin produces edema or a mass; the penis may be involved. Scrotal swelling can affect males of any age. It can be unilateral... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... An unreliable indicator of cancer, breast pain commonly results from benign breast disease. It may occur during rest or movement and may be aggravated by manipulation or palpation. (Breast tenderness... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Eye pain may be described as a burning, throbbing, aching, or stabbing sensation in or around the eye. It may also be characterized as a foreign-body sensation. This sign varies from mild to severe; its duration and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Abdominal pain usually results from a GI disorder, but it can be caused by a reproductive, genitourinary (GU), musculoskeletal, or vascular disorder; drug use; or ingestion of toxins. At times, such pain signals life... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Arm pain usually results from musculoskeletal disorders, but it can also stem from neurovascular or cardiovascular disorders. (See Causes of local pain, page 52.)
In some... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Back pain affects an estimated 80% of the population; in fact, it's the second leading reason—after the common cold—for lost time from work. Although this symptom may herald a spondylogenic disorder, it... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Chest pain usually results from disorders that affect thoracic or abdominal organs—the heart, pleurae, lungs, esophagus, rib cage, gallbladder, pancreas, or stomach. An important indicator of several acute and life... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Pain in the flank, the area extending from the ribs to the ilium, is a leading indicator of renal and upper urinary tract disease or trauma. Depending on the cause, this symptom may vary from a dull ache to severe stabbing or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Jaw pain may arise from either of the two bones that hold the teeth in the jaw—the maxilla (upper jaw) and the mandible (lower jaw). Jaw pain also includes pain in the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Although leg pain commonly signifies a musculoskeletal disorder, it can also result from a more serious vascular or neurologic disorder. The pain may arise suddenly or gradually and may be localized or affect the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Neck pain may originate from any neck structure, ranging from the meninges and cervical vertebrae to its blood vessels, muscles, and lymphatic tissue. This symptom can also be referred from other areas of the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... A common symptom of anorectal disorders, rectal pain is discomfort that arises in the anorectal area. Although the anal canal is separated from the rest of the rectum by the internal sphincter... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Throat pain—commonly known as a sore throat—refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Many patients presenting with pain in the foot or toes have joint
disease (see pages 284 and 286 for a discussion of these differentials). Other anatomic... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The GI tract is the only “organ” that really covers the abdomen
from one end to the other. Anything that causes an irritation of all or a
large portion of this “tube&... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Nothing is more challenging to diagnose than a case of low back pain.
That is why it is so important to have an extensive list of causes in mind
before approaching... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
An anatomic breakdown of the arm into its components is the key
to a sound differential diagnosis in arm pain. Pain may be referred from
more proximal portions of the extremity such as the... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Division of the breast anatomically into various components is
interesting but not worthwhile in the differential diagnosis of breast pain.
It is rather more instructive and practical to use ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Hardly a day goes by in a busy practitioner’s office that he or she is
not confronted with a patient complaining of chest pain. The main concern,
of course, is to exclude an acute myocardial... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
A painful elbow really does not require a detailed analysis of the
anatomy to discover the various causes, almost all of which are bursal or
bone and joint disorders. Of course, the skin may be involved by... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
By mental dissection of the epigastrium layer by layer from the skin to
the thoracolumbar spine, one encounters all the important organs that are
the sites of origin of epigastric pain ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Applying the mnemonic MINT to the various anatomic parts of the
eye will aid in systematically developing a list of diagnostic possibilities
for eye pain.
M—Malformations most certainly... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Visualize the structures of the face in a systematic fashion to develop
a differential diagnosis of facial pain. With the skin, herpes zoster
and carbuncles come to mind. Next, the internal maxillary... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Most cases of flank pain are associated with inflammation of the
kidney. As is shown in Table 29, however, jumping to that
conclusion in any given case may be hazardous... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The anatomic components of the groin consist of the skin, subcutaneous
tissue, fascia, lymph nodes, the femoral nerve, arteries and veins, and
underneath, the hip bones.... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Visualize the anatomy when a patient presents with pain in the hand or
fingers (Table 31). The skin may show contact dermatitis,
fungal infection, furuncle, cellulitis, or traumatic lesion. An ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
When confronted with a case of hip pain in an adult, the clinician is
most likely to think of fracture or joint inflammation such as
osteoarthritis, realizing however that there are many other... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Anatomy is the basic science that will open the door to this
differential diagnosis. Visualizing the structures in the hypogastrium, one
sees the abdominal wall, the bladder and urinary tract, the female... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
