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Was the test used specific for glucose? Glucose oxidase tests (Clinistix, etc.) are specific for glucose, whereas other tests (Benedict's, etc.) are not ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there abdominal pain? The presence of abdominal pain with hematuria should first suggest renal calculus, but other causes, such as renal embolism, renal ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there significant numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) in the urine? This would suggest a UTI. If there are white cell casts or clumps ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there significant RBCs in the urine? If so, one should consider glomerulonephritis, collagen disease, tuberculosis, neoplasm, trauma, renal calculus, and ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... Red urine may be due to hematuria,
hemoglobinuria (hemolytic anemia), myoglobinuria (muscle trauma, myocardial infarction), and coproporphyria or uroporphyria (porphyria).
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Hematuria is the intermittent or persistent excretion of red or brown urine that can occur with a variety of clinical symptoms. The amount of blood can be grossly evident or microscopic. About 2.5% of the general population has asymptomatic... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Hematuria is defined as >5 red blood cells per high-power field in a freshly voided, spun urine specimen. Macroscopic (gross) hematuria is less common, is more likely to be attributed to an identified cause, and is always “... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Proteinuria in children is defined as a quantitative 24-hour urine collection with >4 mg/m2/hour (>100 mg/m2/day) of protein. Semiquantitative definitions include urine... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Pyuria is defined as the presence of white blood cells in the urine. This condition is commonly caused by urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, or vaginal... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The finding of glycosuria should prompt one to consider first the conditions that are associated with faulty regulation of the blood sugar and sugar metabolism. First and foremost on that
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... Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of the causes of hematuria ( Table 35 ). One need only visualize the urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down to
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... There are many causes of proteinuria. The mnemonic VINDICATE is a helpful way of developing a list of possibilities.
PROTEINURIA
V—Vascular
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... Pyuria is included here although it is not a symptom or a definitive finding on physical examination. Examination of the urine, however, is so frequently a part of every physical examination that the causes of
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... Apart from hematuria, red urine may signify hemoglobinuria or myoglobinuria, suggesting the various hemolytic anemias, the march hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal “cold” hemoglobinuria and nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and the Crush
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... Bladder distention — abnormal enlargement of the bladder — results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction, neuromuscular... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It’s... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Pseudohematuria (Dyes and Pigments)
Beets
Food dyes
Phenytoin
Rifampin
Pyridium
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... Benign/Physiologic
Fever
Exercise
Orthostatic
Contrast dye
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... Bladder distention—abnormal enlargement of the bladder—results from an inability to excrete urine, which then accumulates in the bladder. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Hematuria
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power microscopic field in the urine.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It’s characteristic of urinary tract infection (UTI), but it can also... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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Hematuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Siegfried Schmidt and Ku-Lang Chang
Hematuria, defined as “blood in the urine,” is encountered frequently in family practice. It can occur as gross (macroscopic) hematuria with obvious... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Proteinuria
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Irene M. Hamrick
The prevalence of proteinuria in the general population is 3%, and 5% in healthy adolescents (1). Heavy and persistent proteinuria is associated with the development of end-stage renal
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... Differential Overview
❑ Urinary tract infection
❑ Nephrolithiasis
❑ Anticoagulation
❑ Long distance running ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Differential Overview
❑ Diabetes
❑ Drugs/toxins
❑ Acute tubular necrosis
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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Bladder distention
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Bladder distention is an abnormal enlargement of the bladder due to the accumulation of urine arising from an inability to excrete urine. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or anatomic obstruction,... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Bladder distention — abnormal enlargement of the bladder — results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Microscopic hematuria is confirmed by an occult blood test, whereas macroscopic hematuria is immediately... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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Hematuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Hematuria—presenceof blood in urine—can be microscopic (urine is not discolored) orgross (urine has red or brown discoloration). >5 red cells per high-powerfield in centrifuged urinary sediment... Principal Causes of Hematuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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Proteinuria
(The Diagnostic Approach to Symptoms and Signs in Pediatrics)
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... Proteinuriais a common finding in childhood and adolescence. Usual pathogenesis involves increasein permeability of glomerular basement membrane. Less common isdecreased absorption or increased secretion of... Principal Causes of Proteinuria ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Bladder distention—abnormal enlargement of the bladder—results from an inability to excrete urine, which results in its accumulation. Distention can be caused by a mechanical or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... A cardinal sign of renal and urinary tract disorders, hematuria is the abnormal presence of blood in urine. Strictly defined, it means three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Cloudy, murky, or turbid urine reflects the presence of bacteria, mucus, leukocytes or erythrocytes, epithelial cells, fat, or phosphates (in alkaline urine). It's characteristic of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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...
The finding of glycosuria should prompt one to consider first the
conditions that are associated with faulty regulation of the blood
sugar and sugar metabolism.... Pictures
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...
Using the anatomic approach, the physician can arrive at most of
the causes of hematuria (Table 35). One need only visualize the
urinary tract and proceed from the kidney on down... Pictures
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...
There are many causes of proteinuria. The mnemonic VINDICATE is a
helpful way of developing a list of possibilities.
V—Vascular category... Pictures
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...
Pyuria is included here although it is not a symptom or a definitive
finding on physical examination. Examination of the urine, however, is so
frequently a part of... Pictures
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...
Apart from hematuria, red urine may signify hemoglobinuria or
myoglobinuria, suggesting the various hemolytic anemias, the march
hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal “... Pictures
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