...
Are there abnormalities on pelvic examination? A tubo-ovarian mass on pelvic examination should suggest salpingo-oophoritis, endometriosis with a chocolate cyst, or ectopic pregnancy. Perhaps the ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there persistent or recurring abdominal or pelvic pain? The presence of pain with menorrhagia should make one suspect PID, endometriosis, and ectopic ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there abnormalities found on the vaginal examination? An enlarged uterus suggests pregnancy, fibroids, retained secundina, hydatiform mole, choriocarcinoma, endometrial ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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... Most cases of urethral discharge in both males and females are due to gonorrhea or
Chlamydia trachomatis
. When the smear and culture are negative for gonorrhea, a course of
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Is it purulent? A purulent vaginal discharge suggests nonspecific bacterial vaginitis and gonorrhea.
Is it frothy and yellow? This type of discharge is very often due to trichomoniasis ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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ODOR
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
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Is there coma or disturbances of consciousness? The presence of coma or disturbances of consciousness should suggest alcoholism, diabetic ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is it acute or chronic? Acute loss of smell would certainly suggest an acute upper respiratory infection (URI). It would also suggest ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation, is one of the most common gynecologic complaints. It is divided into two broad categories: Primary dysmenorrhea refers to severe uterine cramping during ovulatory menses and in... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Vaginal discharge is a common complaint that is often accompanied by concerns about the presence of a sexually transmitted disease. Candida may present with extremely intense,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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The pubertal vaginal flora is primarily lactobacillus, and the vagina has an acidic pH with a thick, estrogenized epithelium acting as a protective mechanism. The prepubertal vagina is less estrogenized and has a thinner epithelium,... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Visualizing the parts of the female reproductive system (see figure below), one can systematically formulate a differential diagnosis of this common malady.
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... A significant purulent urethral discharge invariably signals the diagnosis of gonorrhea and, until a Gram stain is done, little consideration is given to the other causes of a
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... Again, the female genital tract can be infected by all sizes of organisms, thus a useful method for recalling the causes of a purulent vaginal discharge is to work from the smallest to the largest organism. Thus,
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... What are the various causes of bad breath and how can they be recalled with ease? The best method is to visualize the respiratory and upper GI tree, because this is where the substances (mucus or sputum and vomitus
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ANOSMIA OR UNUSUAL ODOR
Anatomy is an excellent method of recalling the possible causes of anosmia and unusual odors.
Nasal passages: Focusing on
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... The differential diagnosis of a nonbloody discharge of the ear can best be done by using anatomy. Visualize the components of the ear apparatus. A discharge may arise from the external canal, the middle ear, the mastoids
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... Dysmenorrhea — painful menstruation — affects more than 50% of menstruating women; in fact, it's the leading cause of lost time from school and work among women of childbearing age. Dysmenorrhea may involve sharp,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Abnormally heavy or long menstrual bleeding, menorrhagia may occur as a single episode or a chronic sign. In menorrhagia, bleeding is heavier than the patient’s normal... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Metrorrhagia — uterine bleeding that occurs irregularly between menstrual periods — is usually light, although it can range from staining to hemorrhage. Usually, this common sign reflects slight physiologic bleeding from the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... This excretion from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
History and ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Common in women of childbearing age, physiologic vaginal discharge is mucoid, clear or white, nonbloody, and odorless. Produced by the cervical mucosa and, to a lesser degree, by the vulvar glands, this discharge may occasionally be scant... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Fecal breath odor typically accompanies fecal vomiting associated with a long-standing intestinal obstruction or gastrojejunocolic fistula. It represents an important late diagnostic clue to a... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination
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... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs with ketoacidosis — a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment to prevent... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination
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... The odor of ammonia on the breath — described as urinous or “fishy” breath — typically occurs in end-stage chronic renal failure. This sign improves slightly
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... Dysmenorrhea — painful menstruation — is the most common gynecologic complaint and a leading cause of absenteeism from school (affecting 10% of high school girls... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Dysmenorrhea—painful menstruation—affects more than 50% of menstruating women; in fact, it’s the leading cause of lost time from school and work among women of childbearing age. Dysmenorrhea may involve sharp,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Abnormally heavy or long menstrual bleeding, menorrhagia may occur as a single episode or a chronic sign. In menorrhagia, bleeding is heavier than the patient’s normal menstrual flow; menstrual... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers
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... Metrorrhagia—uterine bleeding that occurs irregularly between menstrual periods—is usually light, although it can range from staining to hemorrhage. Usually, this... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations
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... Urethral discharge from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
History and physical ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Common in women of childbearing age, a physiologic vaginal discharge is mucoid, clear or white, nonbloody, and odorless. Produced by the cervical mucosa and, to a lesser degree, by the vulvar glands, this discharge may occasionally be... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Fecal breath odor typically accompanies fecal vomiting associated with a long-standing intestinal obstruction or gastrojejunocolic fistula. It represents an important late diagnostic clue to a... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs in ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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... The odor of ammonia on the breath—described as urinous or “fishy” breath—typically occurs in end-stage chronic renal failure. This sign improves slightly after... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling
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Dysmenorrhea
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Albert A. Meyer
Approach Dysmenorrhea can be defined as a complaint of pain experienced during or immediately before menstruation. Up to 90% of women experience this... History (2) ... Physical examination ... Laboratory testing (3) ... Diagnostic assessment (1)
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Menorrhagia
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Albert A. Meyer
Approach Menorrhagia, defined as excessive bleeding from the uterus, is a common gynecologic complaint. Each year, 200,000 American women undergo... History (2) ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment (3)
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Urethral Discharge
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... George P.N. Samraj
Discharge from the urethra is a common symptom. The characteristics and the cause of urethral discharge (UD) vary widely. Discharge... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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Vaginal Discharge
(The 10-Minute Diagnosis Manual: Symptoms and Signs in the Time-Limited Encounter)
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... Albert A. Meyer
Vaginal symptoms, especially discharge, are responsible for 10% of all physician visits by women. Each year, approximately 12 million... Approach ... History (2) ... Physical examination (4) ... Testing (5) ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
❑ Physiologic discharge
❑ Candida vulvovaginitis
❑ Bacterial vaginosis
❑ Trichomonas vaginitis... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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Breath odor, fecal
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Fecal breath odor typically accompanies fecal vomiting associated with a long-standing intestinal obstruction or gastrojejunocolic fistula. It represents an important late diagnostic clue to a potentially life... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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Breath odor, fruity
(Alarming Signs and Symptoms: Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice Series)
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... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs with ketoacidosis — a potentially life-threatening condition that... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Urethral discharge from the urinary meatus may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate infection.
... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Common in women of childbearing age, physiologic vaginal discharge is mucoid, clear or white, nonbloody, and odorless. Produced by the cervical mucosa and, to a lesser degree, by the vulvar glands, this discharge may occasionally be... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Fecal breath odor typically accompanies fecal vomiting associated with a long-standing intestinal obstruction or gastrojejunocolic fistula. It represents an important late diagnostic clue to... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs with ketoacidosis — a potentially life-threatening condition that requires... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Vaginal discharge is abnormal except forphysiologic leukorrhea, which occurs during the first few weeksof life and with the onset of puberty. Principal Causes of Vaginal Discharge Prepubertalonset ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Dysmenorrhea—painful menstruation—affects more than 50% of menstruating women; in fact, it's the leading cause of lost time from school and work among women of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Abnormally heavy or long menstrual bleeding, menorrhagia may occur as a single episode or a chronic sign. In menorrhagia, bleeding is heavier than the patient's normal menstrual... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Metrorrhagia—uterine bleeding that occurs irregularly between menses—is usually light, although it can range from staining to hemorrhage. Usually, this common... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... Urethral discharge is an excretion from the urinary meatus that may be purulent, mucoid, or thin; sanguineous or clear; and scant or profuse. It usually develops suddenly, most commonly in men with a prostate... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Common in women of childbearing age, physiologic vaginal discharge is mucoid, clear or white, nonbloody, and odorless. Produced by the cervical mucosa and, to a lesser degree, by the vulvar glands, this... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Fecal breath odor typically accompanies fecal vomiting associated with a long-standing intestinal obstruction or gastrojejunocolic fistula. It represents an important late diagnostic clue to a potentially life... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
... Fruity breath odor results from respiratory elimination of excess acetone. This sign characteristically occurs with ketoacidosis—a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment to prevent severe... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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... The odor of ammonia on the breath—described as urinous or “fishy” breath—typically occurs in end-stage chronic renal failure. This sign improves slightly after hemodialysis and persists throughout the course of... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
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...
Visualizing the parts of the female reproductive system (see figure),
one can systematically formulate a differential diagnosis of this common
malady. At the cervix, stenosis, cervical polyps, and other... Pictures
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...
A significant purulent urethral discharge invariably signals the
diagnosis of gonorrhea and, until a Gram stain is done, little consideration
is given to the other causes of a nonbloody... Pictures
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...
What are the various causes of bad breath and how can they be recalled
with ease? The best method is to visualize the respiratory and upper
gastrointestinal (GI... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
Again, the female genital tract can be infected by all sizes of
organisms, thus a useful method for recalling the causes of a purulent
vaginal discharge is to work from the smallest to the largest... Pictures
... READ MEDICAL BOOK EXCERPTS ONLINE » (free access, no registration)
...
The differential diagnosis of a nonbloody discharge of the ear can best
be done by using anatomy. Visualize the components of the ear
apparatus. A discharge may arise from the external canal, the middle ear, ... Pictures
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...
Anatomy is an excellent method of recalling the possible causes of
anosmia and unusual odors.
Nasal ... Pictures
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