Glossary for Weight loss

Medical terms related to Weight loss or mentioned in this section include:

• $14q+ syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of genetic material from the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• $18-Hydroxylase deficiency$: A rare genetic, metabolic defect where a deficiency of the enzyme 18-Hydroxylase which results in a reduced amount of aldosterone and salt wasting.
• $18p minus syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is missing which is characterized by mental and growth deficiencies, drooping upper eyelid and prominent ears. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount of genetic material that is missing.
• $1q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $2q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $3-Hydroxyisobutyric aciduria$: A rare inborn metabolic disorder which causes brain and facial anomalies, seizures and growth problems.
• $3-M Syndrome$: A rare genetic condition which is characterized by distinctive physical features and severe growth retardation that starts during the fetal stage. Intelligence is not affected.
• $3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type 4$: A rare genetic disorder where the body's cells are unable to make sufficient energy resulting in an accumulation in the body of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Type 4 is characterized by symptoms which overlap type 1 and 3.
• $3q deletion$: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 3 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• $4-Alpha-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase deficiency$: A very rare metabolic disorder where a deficiency of a particular enzyme results in the urinary excretion of a chemical called hawkinsin. Symptoms start once the infant is weaned off breast milk.
• $49,XXXXX syndrome$: A rare chromosomal disorder that affects only females and involves body cells having five copies of the X chromosome instead of the normal two.
• $4p16.3 deletion$: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of chromosome 4 is deleted at a location called 16.3. The condition is characterized by malformations in most parts of the body as the deletion affects growth and development of the fetus.
• ACAD8 deficiency: An extremely rare metabolic disorder where the body is unable to metabolize certain proteins properly. More specifically, an insufficient level of the enzyme (isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to metabolize the amino acid valine. The onset and severity of symptoms is variable.
• ACTH Deficiency: A rare endocrine disorder involving a lack of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and low levels of cortisol and steroid hormones.
• ACTH deficiency, isolated: An inherited deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone. The condition results from a genetic defect.
• AIDS: A term given to HIV patients who have a low CD4 count (below 200) which means that they have low levels of a type of immune cell called T-cells. AIDS patients tend to develop opportunistic infections and cancers. Opportunistic infections are infections that would not normally affect a person with a healthy immune system. The HIV virus is a virus that attacks the body's immune system.
• AIDS dysmorphic syndrome: A rare syndrome involving craniofacial anomalies and developmental delay that occurs in infants infected with AIDS during the fetal stage.
• AIDS wasting syndrome: A condition where AIDS patients suffer from symptoms such as weight loss, fever, malaise, lethargy, oral thrush and immunologic abnormalities normally associated with AIDS.
• AIDS-Related Complex: Patients with only mild symptoms of HIV infections.
• Aarskog Syndrome: A rare genetic condition characterized by facial, hand, genital and growth abnormalities.
• Abdominal Cancer: Growth of abnormal cells (tumour) affecting the organs in the abdominal cavity; may be due to primary growth of a tumour or spread from another tumour (metastases, secondary tumour)
• Abdominal Neoplasms: A tumor that occurs in the abdomen.
• Abdominal swelling: Swelling or bloating of the abdomen
• Absent alpha 1 band: An absence of alpha-1-antitrypsin the the body
• Abuse dwarfism syndrome: Retarded growth, intelligence and social behavior due to child abuse. The child abuse can take the form of mental or physical cruelty or neglect.
• Acanthocytosis: A rare disorder where most of the red blood cells are abnormal with spiny projections due to lipid abnormalities. The blood abnormality is seen in conditions such as abetalipoproteinemia, severe liver disease and severe malnutrition. Symptoms and prognosis depend on the underlying disorder.
• Accelerated silicosis: An occupation lung disease caused by breathing in silica dust over a long period of time. The lung damage becomes symptomatic and affects breathing and often causes weight loss as well.
• Acetaminophen poisoning: Excessive ingestion of a drug called acetaminophen.
• Achalasia: A rare condition where the patients muscles, such as the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, are unable to relax.
• Achalasia, primary: A rare motor disorder of the esophagus characterized by inability of the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal muscle to relax as well as dilation of the esophagus. The disorder is not associated with any other disease or disorder.
• Achrestic anemia: Achrestic anemia is a form of anemia similar to that caused by Vitamin B12 deficiency but it doesn't respond to treatment with Vitamin B12. The condition tends to progress slowly and can result in death if not treated. There are a variety of possible causes.
• Acidemia, methylmalonic: An inborn error of metabolism where amino acids in the body aren't metabolized properly resulting in high levels of the acid throughout the body.
• Acidosis: The accumulation of hydrogen ions or the depletion of the alkaline reserve in the body.
• Acinic cell carcinoma: A usually slow-growing malignant tumor that that can occur in various parts of the body but is most often found in the pancreas, salivary glands, palate and upper lip. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the growth.
• Acrodermatitis Enteropathica: A rare, chronic condition that occurs in infants and involves autosomal zinc malabsorption. Signs include blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, alopecia, diarrhea and failure to thrive. The condition may be fatal if untreated.
• Acrodynia: A disease occurring in infants or young children. Symptoms include edema, pruritis, skin rash, extremities are pink, cheeks and nose are scarlet, profuse sweating, digestive disturbance, photophobia, polyneuritis, irritability, listlessness, apathy and failure to thrive.
• Acromegaly: An abnormal enlargement of the limbs due to increased secretion of growth hormone after the cessation of puberty
• Actinomycetales infection: A bacterial infection from the order of Actinobacteria. The range of symptoms is variable depending on which bacteria from the order is involved.
• Actinomycosis: A chronic infection usually caused by an organism normally found in human bowels and mouths. The disease usually affects the face and neck and results in deep, lumpy abscesses that emit a grainy pus through multiple sinuses.
• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: A type of encephalitis that usually follows an acute viral infection and involves an immune attack on myelin tissue which is part of the nervous system. Initial symptoms include fever, headache, vomiting and drowsiness followed by seizures, coma and paralysis. Often results in permanent neurological disorders.
• Acute Pesticide poisoning - xylene: Xylene is an ingredient used in certain insecticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Acute Silicosis: An occupation lung disease caused by breathing in high levels of silica dust.
• Acute adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The acute subtype tends to progress rapidly and is the most prevalent form of the condition.
• Acute biphenotypic leukemia: A rare form of leukemia that has myeloid and lymphoid features.
• Acute erythroleukemia: A rare condition characterized by the presence of abnormal blood cells (erythroblastic precursors) in the bone marrow and blood. The condition is characterized by anemia and generally leads to the development of acute myelogenous leukemia. The acute form has more severe symptoms than the chronic form.
• Acute kidney failure: The sudden and acute loss of kidney function
• Acute leukaemia of ambiguous lineage: A term used to describe a type of leukemia (a blood cancer) where the leukemic cells cannot be determined as myeloid or lymphoid or where both types of cells are present.
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A malignant disease that starts suddenly and progresses quickly. It is characterized by a high number of immature cells in the organs, bone marrow and blood. Symptoms include fever, pallor, anorexia, fatigue, anemia, hemorrhage, bone pain, splenomegaly and frequent infections. Also called acute lymphocytic leukemia.
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, adult: Cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute megacaryoblastic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. More specifically, it involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes).
• Acute meningitis: Acute meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 1: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of immature blood cells (blast cells).
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 2: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 3: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 3 involves the proliferation of promyelocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 4: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 4 involves the rapid proliferation of myelocytes and monocytes.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 5: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 5 involves the rapid proliferation of monoblasts (immature precursors of monocytes) in particular.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 6: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the rapid proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 6 involves the proliferation of the immature precursors of red blood cells called erythroblasts.
• Acute myeloblastic leukemia type 7: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of blood cells. Type 7 involves the rapid proliferation of megakaryoblasts (premature form of megakaryocytes) in particular.
• Acute myelocytic leukemia: A malignant cancer of blood-forming tissues resulting in a high number of immature leukocytes. Symptoms include soft bleeding gums, anemia, fatigue, fever, dyspnea, moderate splenomegaly, joint and bone pains and frequent infections. Also called acute granulocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, splenomedullary leukemia, splenomyelogenous leukemia.
• Acute myelofibrosis: A rare condition where progressive scarring or fibrosis of the bone marrow impairs it's ability to make blood cells causing symptoms such as anemia and liver and spleen enlargement.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to alkylating agent: The use of alkylating agents to treat cancer can result in leukemia in some patients.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes related to topoisomerase type II inhibitor: The use of topoisomerase type II inhibitors to treat cancer can result in leukemia in some patients.
• Acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, therapy related: Certain cancer therapies can result in the development of leukemia in some patients. These therapies includes topoisomerase type II inhibitors and alkylating agents.
• Acute myeloid leukemia: A form of rapidly progressing blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute myeloid leukemia, adult: A form of blood cancer resulting in the rapid proliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, red blood cells and platelets.
• Acute myelosclerosis: A rare disorder where the bone marrow makes too many blood cells. The disease progresses rapidly with death usually occurring within 6 months of onset.
• Acute panmyelosis: A rare condition where progressive scarring or fibrosis of the bone marrow impairs it's ability to make blood cells causing symptoms such as anemia and liver and spleen enlargement. The disease often progresses rapidly and results in death.
• Acute promyelocytic leukemia: A rare bone marrow cancer characterized by a lack of mature blood cells and excessive amounts of immature blood cells (promyelocytes).
• Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome: The association of a sudden kidney disorder with eye inflammation. Autoimmune processes are believed to be involved.
• Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, short chain, deficiency of: A rare disorder where the body lacks enzymes needed to convert some fats (short-chain fatty acids) into energy. Symptoms are exacerbated by fasting or acute illness. The severity of symptoms is variable with some patients remaining virtually asymptomatic their whole life while other suffer symptoms from infancy.
• Adenitis: Involves the inflammation of a lymph node and usually occurs in conjunction with an oral pharyngeal or ear infection.
• Adenocarcinoid tumor: A rare type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and tends to metastasize. The symptoms are determined by the location of the tumors.
• Adenomatous Polyposis of the Colon, autosomal dominant: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and occurs in a familial pattern. Most patients have at least one parent with the condition.
• Adenophorea Infections: A parasitic roundworm infection. Roundworms can be found in water and soil environments as well as on plants and in animals.
• Adenosarcoma of the uterus: A tumor that develops from the glands that line the uterus.
• Adenosine triphosphatase deficiency, anaemia due to: Deficiency of a chemical (adenosine triphosphate) resulting in anemia.
• Adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme called adenlyosuccinate lyase which generally results in psychomotor retardation and autistic behavior.
• Adhesions: A fibrous band or structure by which parts abnormally adhere
• Adhesive abuse: Adhesive abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Adhesives include household glues, rubber cement and model aeroplane glue. These adhesives can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Adhesive addiction: Adhesive addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse adhesives (e.g. sniffing them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Aerosols are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Adhesives includes household glue, rubber cement and model airplane glue.
• Adrenal Cancer: A malignant cancer that develops in the adrenal gland. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids. Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal Cortex Diseases: Diseases of the adrenal cortex. Examples includes Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome and adrenal fatigue.
• Adrenal adenoma, familial: A benign tumor that develops in the adrenal gland and tends to run in families. The tumor may be nonfunctioning (does not produce hormones) or functioning in which case excessive levels of hormones can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which hormone is involved. Adrenal hormones made in the cortex (outer part of the gland) are aldosterone, corticosteroids and androgenic steroids . Adrenalin and noradrenalin are the hormones made in the medulla (central part of the adrenal gland).
• Adrenal disorders: Disorders affecting the adrenal glands
• Adrenal gland hyperfunction: Excessive activity of the adrenal gland which causes excessive production of one or more adrenal hormones (aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine). The increased adrenal gland activity may be caused by an adrenal gland tumor or by excessive stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal gland hypofunction: Reduced adrenal gland activity due to damage to the adrenal gland or lack of stimulation of the gland. Pituitary hormones stimulate adrenal gland activity.
• Adrenal gland symptoms: Symptoms affecting the adrenal glands
• Adrenal hyperplasia: A group of disorder that occur when there is a problem in the process of making adrenal corticosteroids.
• Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital type 3: A group of disorders that occur when a deficiency of 21-hydroxylase impairs the normal process of making adrenal corticosteroids. The severity of the condition is variable depending on the degree of deficiency.
• Adrenal incidentaloma: A tumor of the adrenal gland that is discovered incidentally while performing an imaging examination for reasons other than an adrenal tumor. The tumor may be asymptomatic or can causes excessive secretion of adrenal hormones and resulting symptoms. The tumor may also be malignant or benign.
• Adrenal medulla neoplasm: A tumor that develops in the part of the adrenal gland called the medulla which produces adrenalin and noradrenaline. The tumor is usually benign but can be malignant.
• Adrenomyeloneuropathy: A form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy characterized by spinal cord dysfunction and brain involvement may or may not be present. Those with brain involvement suffer serious symptoms that can eventually lead to total disability and even death.
• Adrenomyodystrophy: A rare genetic disorder characterized by primary adrenal insufficiency, dystrophic myopathy, severe psychomotor retardation and an overly-distended bladder which can cause death.
• Adult Panic-Anxiety Syndrome: A psychiatric disorder involving anxiety and panic attacks that occur for no obvious reason.
• Adult SMA: Form of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in adults.
• Adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis.
• Adult T-Cell lymphoma: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The lymphoma subtype is aggressive and tends to affect the lymph nodes more than the blood.
• Adult low grade infiltrative supratentorial Astrocytoma: A type of brain cancer that occurs in the supratentorial region of the brain of adults and is relatively non-aggressive.
• Adult progressive spinal muscular atrophy, Aran Duchenne type: A group of inherited motor neuron diseases involving progressive muscle weakness, wasting and paralysis due to degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Muscle weakness and wasting usually starts in the hands and may gradually spread to other muscle groups.
• Adverse reaction: Term to describe unwanted, negative consequences sometimes associated with using medications, diagnostic tests or therapeutic interventions.
• Aerosol abuse: Aerosol abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Aerosols include air fresheners, hair spray, spray pain and deodorants. These aerosols can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Aerosol addiction: Aerosol addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse aerosol (e.g. sniffing them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Aerosols are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Aerosols includes spray pain, air freshener, deodorants and hair sprays.
• Agammaglobulinemia, alymphocytotic type: A rare inherited immunodeficiency disorder involving a lack of T and B lymphocytes which makes the patient susceptible to bacterial and viral infections.
• Aggressive NK-cell leukaemia: An aggressive form of blood cancer involving the rapid proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells.
• Aging: The medical conditions from getting older.
• Al Murrah-induced lead poisoning: Al Murrah is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat problems such as stomach pain, diarrhea and colic. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Alagille syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the liver and characterized by the absence of some or all of the liver bile ducts that transport bile within the liver.
• Alarcon-induced lead poisoning: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albatross syndrome: Symptoms that occur after partial or total surgical removal of the stomach in patients with personality disorders. The symptoms experience may be due to a peptic ulcer, salicylate addiction or for no detectable reason.
• Albayaidle-induced lead poisoning: Albayaidle is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican and Central American people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albayalde-induced lead poisoning: Albayalde is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican and Central American people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Albers-Schonberg disease - malignant recessive form: A rare disorder characterized primarily by increased bone density as old bone is not resorbed and replaced with new bone - is also known as marble bone disease. The malignant infantile form is the most severe form of this disorder and death usually occurs in the first decade of life.
• Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy: A rare genetic disorder where the body fails to recognize and respond to the parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone is involved in controlling the blood levels of calcium and phosphate.
• Alcohol - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Alcohol during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Alcohol abuse: Excessive alcohol as a symptom of other conditions
• Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing syndrome: The excessive consumption of alcohol can result in symptoms similar to a condition called Cushing's syndrome. When alcohol consumption is stopped, symptoms regress.
• Alcoholic Neuropathy: Neurological changes due to nerve damage from long-term alcohol consumption
• Aleukemic leukemia cutis: A rare form of leukemia where the skin is involved before the leukemic cells appear in the blood. It is usually an early sign of leukemia.
• Allan-Herndon-Dudley Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized primarilty by mental retardation.
• Alpers Syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by liver disease, seizures and progressive, episodic psychomotor retardation.
• Alpha thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Alpha thalassemia involves defects in one or more of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is anemia, the severity of which can vary amongst patients depending on how many defective genes are involved.
• Alpha thalassemia - Hemoglobin H disease: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Hemoglobin H disease involves defects in three of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is moderate to severe anemia.
• Alpha thalassemia major: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Alpha thalassemia major is very rare involves defects in all of the four genes required to make each ? protein chain. The condition leads to infant death before or soon after birth.
• Alport Syndrome: A rare hereditary disorder involving the progressive deterioration of parts of the kidney resulting in chronic kidney disease.
• Alsing syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney problems, skeletal abnormalities and a hole in the coloboma of the eye.
• Alveolar Hydatid Disease: Rare multi-organ tapeworm infection caught from animals.
• Alveolar echinococcosis: A rare parasitic infection caused by the larva of a miniscule tapeworm called Echinococcus multilocularis. Transmission occurs through contact with foxes, coyotes, dogs and cats. The condition results in the development of parasitic tumors in the liver (sometimes other organs such as brain and lungs) but it generally causes no symptom for 5 to 15 years after infection.
• Alzheimer disease 10: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 10 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 12: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 12 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 8p12-q22.
• Alzheimer disease 13: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 14: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q25. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 15: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 3q22-q24. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 16: Alzheimer disease 16 (late-onset) is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome Xq21.3. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 2, late-onset: Alzheimer disease 2 (late-onset) is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 19q13.2. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 3, (early-onset Alzheimer disease): Alzheimer disease 3 is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease 5: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 5 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 12p11.
• Alzheimer disease 6: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 6 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10q24.
• Alzheimer disease 7: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 7 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 10p13.
• Alzheimer disease 8: An inherited form of Alzheimer's. Type 8 is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 20p.
• Alzheimer disease 9: A genetic form of Alzheimer's. Type 9 has a late onset and is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.2.
• Alzheimer disease, early-onset, with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: An early-onset form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q21. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 1: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 21q. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 11: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 9p22.1. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and apraxia: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and apraxia. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 3, with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques: This form of Alzheimer's is an early-onset form of Alzheimer's that is linked to a defect on chromosome 14q24.3. It is characterized by features which are atypical for Alzheimer's - spastic paraparesis which occurs before the dementia symptoms and unusual plaques in the brain. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer disease, familial, 4: An inherited form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to a defect on chromosome 1q31-q42. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Alzheimer's disease: A progressive degenerative disease of the brain of unknown cause
• Amebic dysentery: Intestinal inflammation caused by Entamoeba histolytica and often marked by symptoms such as frequent, loose bowel movements that contain blood and mucus. Also called intestinal amebiasis.
• Amoebiasis: An infectious disease caused by a free-living amoebic parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. The organism infects the bowel and causes gastroenteritis. Infection occurs through ingesting contaminated food or water. It is more common in countries with poor sanitation. The incubation period may last from days to weeks before symptoms appear.
• Amphetamine - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that exposure to Amphetamine during pregnancy may have a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Amphetamine abuse: Use of the stimulant drugs known as amphetamines or "speed"
• Amphetamines - Teratogenic Agent: There is strong evidence to indicate that the use of Amphetamines during pregnancy may cause a teratogenic effect on the fetus. A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects. The likelihood and severity of defects may be affected by the level of exposure and the stage of pregnancy that the exposure occurred at.
• Amyloidosis AL: A disease involving the abnormal deposit of amyloid fibrils in virtually any part of the body - the heart, liver, kidney and peripheral and autonomic nerves are most commonly affected. The abnormal amyloid fibrils are produced abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. In some cases, the excess growth of abnormal plasma cells can result in a cancerous condition called myeloma resulting in bone pain and infections. A patient with myeloma may develop amyloidosis but it is rare for a patient with AL amyloidosis to go on to develop myeloma.
• Amyloidosis beta2-microglobulinic: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage. The type of amyloid protein involved in this type of amyloidosis is beta-2-microglobulin. The abnormal protein tends to be deposited in parts of the body such as joints, bones and carpal tunnel but can also be found in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs.
• Amyloidosis, familial cutaneous: Amyloidosis involves the abnormal deposit of a substance called amyloid in various parts of the body. The familial cutaneous form is characterized by brown skin pigmentation as well as systemic symptoms such as failure to thrive, developmental delay, gastrointestinal problems and pneumonia.
• Amyloidosis, inflammatory: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage and is potentially fatal. Symptoms depend on the organs involved. Secondary amyloidosis is caused by a chronic infection of inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple myeloma, tuberculosis and osteomyelitis. The main organs affected in secondary amyloidosis are usually the kidneys, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. The peripheral and autonomic nerves and the heart are rarely affected.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A degenerative motor neuron disease marked by weakness and wasting of the muscles which starts at the hands and legs and spreads to the rest of the body. Death occurs in 2 to 5 years. Also called Lou Gehrig's disease or wasting palsy.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 3: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 18q21.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 4, juvenile: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 9q34.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 5: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 5 is caused by a defect on chromosome 15q15.1-q21.1.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 6: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is caused by a defect on chromosome 16q12.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 7: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 7 is caused by a defect on chromosome 20p13.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 9 is caused by a defect on chromosome 20q13.3 and is a dominantly inherited, late-onset form.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 9: An inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 9 is differentiated by the origin of the genetic defect involved (14q11).
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 1: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 1 is characterized by adult onset and relatively fast progression of symptoms. It usually occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 2: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 2 is characterized by childhood or adolescent onset of symptoms which progress very slowly over decades. It occurs in an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 3: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 3 is characterized late adulthood onset of symptoms which progress slowly over 5 years. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 4: A generally fatal progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 4 is characterized by the onset of symptoms before the age of 25 and slow progression over the next few decades. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 5: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is characterized adolescent onset of symptoms with progression varying between 1 and 20 years. It occurs in an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 6: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is characterized adult onset of symptoms with progression varying between 1 and 20 years. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 7: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 7 is characterized adult onset of symptoms with progression varying between less than 5 years to several decades. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, familial type 8: A generally fatal, inherited progressive disease where destruction of motor nerves in the spinal cord and brain stem cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting. Type 8 is characterized by adult onset and relatively slow progression of symptoms. It occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, type 6: An inherited disorder involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons which results in muscle weakness and wasting. Type 6 is caused by a defect on chromosome 16q12.
• Anal cancer: A cancerous malignancy that is located anatomically in the anus
• Anal conditions: Conditions that affect the anus
• Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A rare type of cancer where a tumor develops in lymph tissue and usually consists of white blood cells and null cells. It is a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The tumors can develop in more than one lymph node and can also occur in the skin and various organs such as the liver, bones or lungs.
• Anaplastic small cell lymphoma: A rare type of cancer where a tumor develops in lymph tissue and consists mainly of small cells. It is a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The tumors can develop in more than one lymph node and can also occur in the skin and various organs such as the liver, bones or lungs.
• Andersen disease: An rare inborn error of metabolism involving glycogen storage and characterized by cirrhosis and sometimes liver failure. Lack of the amyl-transglucosidase enzyme and abnormal glycogen causes the condition.
• Andrade's syndrome: An inherited condition characterized by deposits of an abnormal protein called amyloid in various parts of the body including organs. The condition mainly involves neurological symptoms.
• Anemia, Neonatal: Insufficient red blood cells that can carry oxygen around the body. It is common in premature births or can occur as a result of blood loss before, during or just after the birth.
• Anemic - hematuria syndrome: An epidemic disease in Argentina which has a prolonged recovery time but usually there are no complications. Symptoms vary between seasons so that affected patients suffer anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration in summer but suffer reduced urination, excess blood, albumin and renal casts in the urine. Other symptoms occur irrespective of the season.
• Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia: A rare disorder characterized by a localized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which can form a benign tumor-like growth. The symptoms are determined by the location and number of growths. There are two types of the disease: hyaline-vascular type or the plasma cell type which tends to have more severe symptoms.
• Angiofollicular ganglionic hyperplasia - plasma cell type: A rare disorder characterized by a localized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which can form a benign tumor-like growth. There are two types of the disease: hyaline-vascular type or the plasma cell type which tends to have more severe symptoms. The plasma-cell type tends to involve systemic symptoms such as fever and weight loss due to the destruction of red blood cells.
• Angiofollicular lymph hyperplasia: A rare disorder of the lymph system characterized by the development of benign tumors in lymph tissue anywhere in the body.
• Angioimmunoblastic with dysproteinemia lymphadenopathy: A rare immune system disorder which is similar to lymphoma. The condition is progressive but the course varies with some patients surviving a long time without treatment and others surviving only a short period of time.
• Angiosarcoma: A rare, aggressive malignant tumor of the blood vessel cells. Also called hemangiosarcoma, malignant hemangioendothelioma.
• Angiostrongyliasis: Infection by a parasitic worm (Angiostrongylus). Infection can occur through eating contaminated raw animals such as snails, slugs, prawns or crabs which act as hosts to these parasites.
• Ankylosing Spondylitis: A form of chronic inflammation of the spine which may also affect joints in the shoulder, hip, neck, ribs and jaw. May result in loss of mobility. Also called Marie-Strumpell disease.
• Ankylosis - facial anomalies - pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized mainly by fused or stiff joints, facial anomalies and underdeveloped lungs.
• Anorectal disorders: Conditions that affect the anorectum
• Anorexia: This is known as a lack of or loss of appetite for food
• Anorexia Nervosa: A disorder where a distorted sense of body image leads to self-starvation to the point of death in some cases.
• Anorexia nervosa, genetic types: There is mounting evidence that anorexia nervosa may be caused by genetic factors which when combined with psychosocial factors can increase a persons risk of developing the condition.
• Ansell-Bywaters-Elderking syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, rash, eye inflammation and joint disease.
• Anterior pituitary hyperhormonotrophic syndrome: A syndrome characterized by the excessive production of various hormones (gonadotrophic, thyrotrophic, lactotrophic and pancreatrophic hormone).
• Anxiety: Excessive worry, anxiety, or fear.
• Aortic supravalvular stenosis: A rare congenital condition involving increased intestinal calcium absorption and characterized by development delay, distinctive facial features, small nails and short stature.
• Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess, type 2: A form of inherited high blood pressure that starts during early childhood. The condition is caused by a genetic defect which results in an inborn error of metabolism of peripheral cortisol. Type 2 causes similar symptoms to type 1 but the urinary steroid levels are different.
• Apparent mineralocorticoid excess: A form of inherited high blood pressure that starts during early childhood. The condition results from a genetic defect which causes impaired metabolism of cortisol.
• Appendix disorders: Disorders that affect the appendix
• Apple seed poisoning: Apple seeds contain a toxic chemical called amygdalin which can cause serious symptoms if eaten in large quantities. Hospital admission is recommended if more than 50 apple seeds have been consumed.
• Arachnodactyly - Intellectual Deficit - Dysmorphism: A rare condition characterized by long thin digits, reduced intelligence characteristic facial appearance.
• Arachnoiditis: A progressive disorder where the arachnoid membrane becomes inflamed and the brain and spinal cord may also become inflamed.
• Arbovirus: Any group of viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and ticks
• Arenavirus: A genus of viruses of the family Arenaviridae
• Arginase deficiency: A very rare urea cycle disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme (arginase) needed to convert ammonia to the urea which can then be removed in the urine. The condition leads to excess build-up of ammonia in the body which is toxic to the nervous system.
• Arterial occlusive disease, progressive - hypertension - heart defects - bone fragility - brachysyndactyly: A rare syndrome characterized by narrowing or blockage of a number of arteries (in the kidneys, abdomen, brain and heart) as well as fragile bones, heart defects and finger abnormalities. Fractures and high blood pressure often start during the first years of life.
• Arteritis: Inflammation of an artery
• Artery conditions: Any conditions affecting arteries
• Arthritis: A condition which is characterized by the inflammation of a joint
• Arthrogryposis, congenital - myopathic seizures: A rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation and muscle problems.
• Aseptic abscesses syndrome: A rare syndrome involving the development of deep, sterile lesions containing neutrophils. The lesions don't respond to antibiotics but do respond to corticosteroid therapy. The abscesses usually occur in the abdomen and are often associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and polychondritis. Although the abscesses respond to corticosteroids, more than half of the cases relapse.
• Astrocytoma: A malignant tumour of the nervous system composed of astrocytes.
• Ataxia, Hereditary, Autosomal Dominant: A group of rare, dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorder involving degeneration of the brain and spinal cord. The range, progression and severity of symptoms can vary quite considerably depending on the genetic defect involved.
• Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency: A severe immunodeficiency disorder found in Navajo and Apache populations.
• Atrial myxoma, familial: An atrial myxoma benign tumor that develops in the wall that separates the two upper chambers of the heart. The familial form of the condition also involves tumors in other parts of the body such as the skin, both heart atria or the heart ventricles.
• Atrioventricular septal defect: A congenital heart defect where the valves and walls between the upper and lower heart chambers (atrial and ventricular septa and the atrioventricular valves) don't develop properly. Symptoms are determined by the severity of the malformation.
• Attenuated familial polyposis: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous. The attenuated form of the condition is distinguished by the development of polyps in old age rather than during the first decades of life.
• Austrian syndrome: A condition where alcoholism is associated with heart failure and pneumococcal meningitis.
• Autoimmune enteropathy: A very rare condition that occurs when the body's own immune system attacks the intestinal wall and affect the way it absorbs food.
• Autoimmune thyroid disease associated Celiac Disease: Patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Autoimmune thyroid diseases: Autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland.
• Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly with cardiac defects and sensorineural hearing loss: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by heart defects, hearing impairment and a congenital eye disorder called Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly.
• Axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum: A variable range of defects that occur during fetal development. The defect occurs at a cellular level and affects the way various parts of the body develop.
• Azarcon-induced lead poisoning: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A slow progressing disease involving cancerous B-cell lymphocytes which take over the healthy cells in the lymph nodes. B-cells help the body to fight infections so when the disease becomes more advanced, the body is less able to fight infection as there are fewer healthy, functioning B-cells.
• B-cell lymphomas: A group cancers involving the proliferation of lymphocytic B-cells. Examples include small lymphocytic lymphoma, immunoblastic lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma.
• B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia: A rare type of leukemia involving a proliferation of immature white blood cells (prolymphocytes - B-cells).
• Ba Bow Sen-induced lead poisoning: Ba Bow Sen is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat childhood hyperactivity and to alleviate nightmares. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Baber's syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of congenital liver cirrhosis with Fanconi syndrome.
• Back tumour: The presence of tumour growth in the vertebra, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast.
• Bacterial endocarditis: Infection and inflammation of the inner layers of the heart, most commonly the valves cause by bacteria.
• Bacterial meningitis: Bacterial meningitis is a form of meningitis caused by bacteria that normally lives in the mouth and throat. When the immune system is unable to supress this bacteria, it travels to the cerebrospinal spinal fluid in the brain. From there it affects the membranes surrounding the brain.
• Bagassosis: Inhalation of sugarcane dust particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the sugarcane dust particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Bagassosis - Thermoactinomyces sacchari: Inhalation of sugarcane dust particles contaminated with fungus (Thermoactinomyces sacchari) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the contaminated sugarcane dust particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Bali goli-induced lead poisoning: Bali goli (flat black bean) is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian and Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Balo's concentric sclerosis: Demyelination of the brain producing a variety of symptoms depending on the area of the brain affected.
• Bamboo hair syndrome: A rare inherited condition characterized by abnormally formed hair shafts and a skin condition involving scaling and redness of the skin. Patients are also predisposed to developing allergic conditions such as asthma and eczema and food allergies. The severity of the condition can vary with some infants having a poor prognosis due to severe allergies, infections and skin problems whereas others have milder symptoms and fewer allergic manifestations.
• Banti's syndrome: A chronic, progressive condition marked by enlargement of the spleen which is associated with anemia, splenomegaly, ascites, jaundice, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Bard-Pic syndrome: A complication of advanced pancreatic cancer marked by jaundice and enlarged gallbladder.
• Bare lymphocyte syndrome: An inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by T- and B-cell dysfunction (these cells are essential for helping fight infection). Lack of treatment can result in infant death from infection.
• Barley Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of barley particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne barley particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Barth Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where the body's cells are unable to make sufficient energy resulting in an accumulation in the body of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Type 2 is characterized by its affects on the heart.
• Bartonella infections: Infection with bacteria from the Bartonella genus of bacteria. Specific bacteria from within this group are Bartonella bacilliforms (Oroya fever), Bartonella Heneslae (Cat-scratch disease). Other conditions caused by this bacteria are endocarditis, bacteremia and angiomatosis. Symptoms vary depending on the type of bacteria involved and the severity of the infection - immunocompromised patients face greater risk of severe infection.
• Bartter Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder of kidney metabolism characterized by reduced blood acidity and low potassium levels.
• Bartters syndrome, antenatal , type 2: A rare genetic kidney disorder that causes hypokalemia. A defect in the ROMK gene impairs the ATP-regulated potassium channel functioning and leads to electrolyte imbalance.
• Benign peptic ulcer: Benign ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach.
• Bertielliasis: A parasitic intestinal infection caused by a nematode called Bertiella. The parasite commonly infects koalas, possums and primates but can occur in humans. Transmission usually occurs through accidental ingestion of infected fleas.
• Berylliosis: Beryllium poisoning which causes granulomas and pulmonary fibrosis.
• Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease: A rare disease where inflammatory granular nodules form in various organs.
• Beta Thalassemia intermedia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. There are two subtypes of the disorder (? and ?) depending on what portion of the hemoglobin is abnormally synthesized. Beta Thalassemia intermedia involves defects in both of the two genes required to make each ? protein chain. The condition causes varying degrees of moderate anemia.
• Beta thalassemia: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin consists of two main protein chains called ? and ?. Beta thalassemia involves defects in one or more of the two genes required to make each ? protein chain. The main symptom is anemia, the severity of which can vary amongst patients depending on how many defective genes are involved.
• Bethlem myopathy: A rare, slow-progressing, genetic muscle disorder where the muscle gradually weaken and become wasted.
• Bile Duct Cancer: A malignancy arising in the bile ducts of the liver
• Bile Duct Conditions: An inflammatory bacterial infection that affects the meninges
• Bile acid synthesis defect, congenital, 2: A defect which prevents the body from making bile acid which results in progressive liver disease. The defect is a deficiency of a particular enzyme (cholestasis with delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase) needed to make bile acid.
• Bile acid synthesis defect, congenital, 4: A defect which prevents the body from making bile acid which results in progressive liver disease.
• Bile acid synthesis defects: A defect which prevents the body from making bile acid which results in progressive liver disease.
• Bile acid synthesis defects, congenital, 2: A defect which prevents the body from making bile acid which results in progressive liver disease. The defect is a deficiency of a particular enzyme (cholestasis with delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase) needed to make bile acid.
• Bile acid synthesis defects, congenital, 4: A defect which prevents the body from making bile acid which results in progressive liver disease.
• Biliary Atresia: A rare condition that can affect newborns where the bile duct that carries the bile from the liver to the small intestine is blocked or missing.
• Biliary atresia, intrahepatic, non syndromic form: Congenital obstruction of the passages in the liver that carry bile. The nonsyndromic form is not associated with any other abnormalities.
• Biliary atresia, intrahepatic, syndromic form: Congenital obstruction of the passages in the liver that carry bile. The syndromic form is associated with other congenital abnormalities such as heart and visceral defects.
• Biliary disorder: Any condition affecting the bile ducts
• Biliary tract cancer: Cancer that develops in the gallbladder or bile ducts.
• Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a heart defect, and mental and growth retardation.
• Bing-Neel syndrome: A rare disorder involving infiltration of the central nervous system by abnormal leukemia-like cells (lymphoplasmocytoid cells) that occur in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. The abnormality increases blood viscosity which impairs its circulation through small brain and eye blood vessels.
• Bint Al Zahab-induced lead poisoning: Bint Al Zahab is a folk remedy used by various ethnic groups (e.g. Indians, Saudi Arabians) to treat infant colic and to facilitate the passage of meconium in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Bipolar disorder: Cycles of mania and depression; commonly called "manic-depression".
• Bladder Cancer: Bladder cancer refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder.
• Bland-Garland-White syndrome: A rare birth malformation where the left coronary artery comes out of the pulmonary artery instead of the aorta. Usually, infants are usually healthy for a few months after which they start having symptoms of heart problems. Occasionally, patients may be asymptomatic even into adulthood but usually death occurs during infancy.
• Bland-White -Garland syndrome: A heart disorder where the left coronary artery comes out of the pulmonary artery.
• Blastocystis hominis: Common parasitic condition often causing digestive symptoms.
• Blastoma: A type of tumor that originates from precursor cells or blasts (immature or embryonic tissue). The symptoms can vary greatly and are determined by the part of the body that is affected. Blastomas can occur in parts of the body such as the brain, liver, kidneys, nervous system, bones and the retina.
• Blind loop syndrome: A rare intestinal defect where there is a small loop in the intestines that allow digesting material to enter but not exit. The symptoms are variable depending on the size and location of the pouch.
• Blood cancer: Malignancy of one or several of the different types of cells in the blood
• Blood conditions: Conditions that affect the blood
• Blue Diaper Syndrome: A rare metabolic disorder characterized by vision problems, bluish urine, fever and digestive anomalies.
• Body symptoms: Symptoms affecting the entire body features.
• Boichis syndrome: A rare syndrome involving nephronophthisis (progressive destruction of kidney tissue) from birth which leads to kidney failure and liver fibrosis.
• Bokhoor-induced lead poisoning: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Bone Marrow Conditions: Medical conditions affecting the bone marrow
• Bone symptoms: Symptoms affecting the body's bones
• Bonnier's syndrome: A range of symptoms caused by damage to Dieter's nucleus (the lateral nucleus of the vestibular nerve) or its connections.
• Borjeson Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by severe mental deficiency, large ears, hypogonadism and other abnormalities.
• Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: This is a medical condition caused by the transmission of an infective prion causing an encephalopathy
• Bowel conditions: Medical conditions that affect the bowels
• Bowen-Conradi Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by low birth weight, small head, facial anomalies and failure to thrive.
• Brain Fag syndrome: A type of neurotic disorder that was first observed in white collar workers in Africa.
• Brainerd diarrhea: Diarrheal condition of unknown cause.
• Branchio-Oculo-Facial Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by branchial defects, lacrimal duct obstruction and pseudocleft of upper lip.
• Breast Duct Papilloma: Tumour of the collecting duct of the breast; may be benign or malignant.
• Brennemann's syndrome: Abdominal symptoms that can result from an upper respiratory infection. The abdominal symptoms are caused by inflammation of the abdominal lymph nodes. The condition is most likely to occur in children.
• Bright's Disease: A condition where the parts of the kidneys that are responsible for filtering become inflamed and results in blood and proteins accidentally leaking into the urine. The condition can occur after certain infections and serious kidney dysfunction can result in severe or chronic complications.
• Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: Inflammation of lung tissue (bronchioles and surrounding tissue) which may occur on its own or as a result of other conditions such as certain infections.
• Bronchogenic carcinoma: When cells of the lung start growing rapidly in an uncontrolled manner, the condition is called lung cancer .
• Brucellosis: An infectious disease caused by the Brucella genus which is transmitted from animals to humans.
• Bruyn-Scheltens syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by limb weakness and muscle wasting in the hands and feet.
• Bulimia nervosa: Eating disorder with binging (overeating) and purging (vomiting).
• Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: A blistering disease that can develop in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The process is mediated by autoantibodies.
• Busulfan toxicity syndrome: Symptoms caused by the use of a chemotherapy drug called Busulfan.
• C-like syndrome: A rare disorder involving poor fetal growth, limb and facial defects and severe developmental delay.
• CAMFAK syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by cataracts, small head, failure to thrive and spinal curvature.
• CDG syndrome type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• CML-Like Syndrome, Familial: A very rare condition characterized by symptom similar to myelocytic leukemia that develop during infancy. The condition can result in death during the first years of life.
• COPD: Severe obstruction of bronchial air flow typically from bronchitis and/or emphysema.
• Cachexia: physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass caused by disease
• Campomelic dwarfism: A rare genetic disorder characterized by bowed tibia, underdeveloped shoulder blades and a flat face.
• Campomelic dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by bowed tibia, underdeveloped shoulder blades and a flat face.
• Camptomelic dysplasia I: A rare condition characterized by dwarfism due to bowed shin and thigh bones.
• Camptomelic dysplasia II: A rare condition characterized by dwarfism due to bowed shin and thigh bones which tend to be shorter and wider than normal.
• Campylobacter fetus infection: Campylobacter fetus is a food borne bacterial infection which may vary in severity from mild to severe. The bacteria are opportunistic and mainly affect debilitated patients but can also occur in healthy patients. Abortion due to blood infection in the fetus can occur in pregnant women who become infected. The infection is less likely to cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea than other Campylobacter infections but is prone to causing infection in other parts of the body such as the appendix, abdominal cavity, central nervous system (meningitis), gallbladder, urinary tract and blood stream. Cattle and sheep are the main source of this bacteria.
• Campylobacter hylointestinalis infection: Campylobacter hyloinstesinalis is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis. Cattle, pigs, hamsters and deer are the main source of this bacteria.
• Campylobacter laridis infection: Campylobacter laridis is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis in healthy individuals and blood infection in immunocompromised patients.
• Camurati Engelmann disease, type 2: A rare disorder (described in two patients) which has similar symptoms to the genetic condition called Camurati Engelmann disease but the genetic defect responsible for type 1 is not present in type 2. Type 2 has additional bone abnormalities which were noted on radiographs. Patients tend to suffer flare-ups of their condition which is accompanied by severe pain which may leave the patient incapacitated. Flare-ups can be triggered or made worse by stress, exhaustion, exercise, growth spurts, standing too long, walking too long, infection, illness, injury, surgery, cold weather and sudden changes in air pressure.
• Camurati-Engelmann Disease: A very rare genetic disease thickening of areas of bone causing pain, weakness and wasting. Usually affects the legs during childhood. Also called diaphyseal dysplasia.
• Cancer: Abnormal overgrowth of body cells.
• Capillaria philippiensis infection: A fish borne parasite that can infect humans. Transmission most often occurs through ingestion of contaminated fish. Severity of symptoms tend to increase as the number of worms multiply in the intestines. Death can occur if the condition is left untreated.
• Carcinoid: Particular type of tumor.
• Carcinoid syndrome: Carcinoid heart disease is a rare, metastatic disease that occurs predominantly in the right heart. The tricuspid and pulmonic valves are affected, leading to right heart failure, which results in increased morbidity and mortality.
• Carcinoma of the vocal tract: Cancer of the vocal cords in the larynx.
• Carcinoma, squamous cell of head and neck: A type of cancer that occurs in the mucosal lining of parts of the head and neck e.g. esophagus, sinuses, nasal cavity, pharynx, mouth and lips. Symptoms will vary depending on the exact location of the cancer.
• Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects skin anomalies and frontal bossing.
• Carnitine transporter deficiency: An inherited deficiency of carnitine caused by the impaired ability of the carnitine transporter protein to carry the carnitine to where it is needed. Instead the carnitine is excreted through the urine. Fasting or illness can trigger a severe attack.
• Carnosinase deficiency: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by severe neurological abnormalities such as mental retardation and myoclonic seizures.
• Carpenter syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closing of skull bones, craniofacial abnormalities, heart defects, growth retardation and other disorders.
• Cat Eye Syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving abnormalities of chromosome 22 and characterized by coloboma of the iris, down-slanting palpebral fissures and anal atresia.
• Cat scratch disease: An infectious disease transmitted through a cat's bite, scratch or lick and resulting primarily in lymph node pain and swelling. The condition can be mild or severe.
• Catel-Manzke Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a small jaw, cleft palate and an extra bone at the base of the pointer finger.
• Cathinone poisoning: Cathinone comes from the leaves of the Khat plant which is native to eastern Africa. Cathinone is a stimulant as well as have pain killing, weight loss and neuromuscular effects. The psychoactive effects are usually utilized by chewing on the leaves of the plant but sometimes dried leaves are used.
• Cebagin-induced lead poisoning: Cebagin is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Celiac Disease: Digestive intolerance to gluten in the diet.
• Celiac artery stenosis from compression by median arcuate ligament of diaphragm: A rare birth defect where a ligament (median arcuate) is located too low and compresses an artery (celiac artery). When the artery is compressed, blood flow is affected and abdominal pain and other symptoms may occur. The disorder is most common in thin females. Many people may have the anomaly but only in some cases is the compression severe enough to cause symptoms.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 1: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6p21.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 10: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q25-q26. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 11: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3q28. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 12: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 6q25.3. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 13: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect in the SH2B3 gene on chromosome 12q24. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 2: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 5q31-q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 3: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q33. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 4: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 19p13.1. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 5: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 15q11-q13. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 6: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 4q27. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 7: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 1q31. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 8: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 2q11-q12. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Celiac disease, susceptibility to 9: The susceptibility to developing celiac disease due to a genetic defect on chromosome 3p21. Celiac disease is a small intestine disorder where the ingestion of foods containing wheat gluten and similar proteins leads to the inflammation of the small intestine lining. This damage affects absorption of nutrients and can cause symptoms such as diarrhea. Growth in children due to malabsorption may also result. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Cerebellar ataxia, X-linked: A disorder where degeneration of certain parts of the brain results in symptoms such as ataxia. The rate of progression can vary.
• Cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and palmoplantar keratoderma syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain development, neurological problems, scaly skin and thickened skin on the palms and soles.
• Ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal 3, Juvenile: A progressive genetic disorder where defective lipid metabolism that causes blindness, neurological deterioration, dementia leading to total incapication within years and death within 10-15 years.
• Cervical cancer: A condition which is characterized by the occurrence of malignancy on the cervix
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2: A rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormalities in the axon of the peripheral nerve cells instead of the myelin sheath coating of the nerves. The condition manifests as muscle weakness and wasting that usually starts in the legs and spreads to the hands and other parts of the body. The severity, age of onset and rate of progression of the condition varies depending on the genetic origin of the defect.
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 aplasia cutis congenital: CMT is an inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in progressive numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. This form of the condition is inherited recessively and involves only mild muscle symptoms as well as a scalp defect.
• Cheese Washer's lung: Inhalation of cheese particles contaminated with bacteria in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne cheese particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Cheese Washer's lung - Penicillium spp.: Inhalation of cheese particles contaminated with bacteria (Penicillium spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne cheese particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical poisoning - 1,2-Dibromoethane: 1,2-Dibromoethane is a chemical used in gasoline, soil fumigants, fire extinguishers, flue gases and mechanical gauge fluid. Excessive exposure to this chemical can cause serious symptoms. Some people can suffer an adverse reaction to the chemical. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acetylene Tetrabromide: Acetylene Tetrabromide is a chemical used mainly in mineral separation and as a solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Acrinathrin: Acrinathrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Aluminum: Aluminum is a chemical used mainly for metallurgical purposes and can be found in packaging, electrical parts, vehicles, cooking utensils, construction materials and building components. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Amitrole: Amitrole is a herbicide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Azinphos-methyl: Azinphos-methyl is a chemical pesticide used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is an organophosphorus compound and ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin.
• Chemical poisoning - Barthrin: Barthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Beta-cyfluthrin: Beta-cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bifenthrin: Bifenthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bioallethrin: Bioallethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bioehtanomethrin: Bioehtanomethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Biopermethrin: Biopermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Bioresmethrin: Bioresmethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorinated naphthalene: Chlorinated naphthalene is a chemical used in a wide range of applications: plasticizers, rubber industries, manufacture of electrical equipment and the petroleum industry. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Chlorodiphenyl: Chlorodiphenyl is a chemical used mainly in electrical cables and wires, electric condensers, lubricants and foundry coating and in the manufacture of paper, resins, rubbers, textiles, wood preservatives, electrical components, lacquers, herbicides and plasticizers. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cismethrin: Cismethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyclethrin: Cyclethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyfluthrin: Cyfluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyhalothrin: Cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyllprothrin: Cyllprothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Cyphenothrin: Cyphenothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Deltamethrin: Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimefluthrin: Dimefluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Dimethrin: Dimethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Empenthrin: Empenthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Esfenvalerate: Esfenvalerate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Ether: Ether is a chemical used mainly as an anesthetic and industrial solvent. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenfluthrin: Fenfluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenpirithrin: Fenpirithrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenpropathrin: Fenpropathrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acarcide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fenvalerate: Fenvalerate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Flucythrinate: Flucythrinate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Flufenprox: Flufenprox is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Fluvalinate: Fluvalinate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Furethrin: Furethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Glaze: Glazes are used to put a shiny finish on various surfaces such as pottery. Glazes contain chemicals such as lead and zinc oxide which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are eaten. The chemicals cause damage to the gastrointestinal lining and the damage may continue for weeks after the poison was ingested. Death can result in severe cases. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Halfenprox: Halfenprox is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hexabromobiphenyl: Hexabromobiphenyl is a chemical used mainly in fire retardant in thermoplastics found in such things as electrical equipment, car upholstery and motor housing.. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Hexane: Hexane is a chemical used mainly in the manufacture of products such as glue, paint, shoes and furniture. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Imiprothrin: Imiprothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Lead-containing Paint: Lead pain contains lead as well as other harmful chemicals. The lead in the pain is toxic (especially to young children) and ingesting fresh or old paint can cause serious symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Methyl Bromide: Methyl Bromide is a chemical used mainly in insecticides, fire extinguishers, wool degreasers and oil extraction. The chemical may be absorbed through the skin. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Metobromuron: Metobromuron is a chemical used mainly as a herbicide. The chemical is generally considered toxic only if large amounts are consumed. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Metofluthrin: Metofluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Molybdenum: Molybdenum is a chemical used mainly in steel alloys lubricants. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phenol: Phenol is a chemical used mainly in the production of fertilizer, explosives, rubber, paint, paint remover, perfumes, asbestos products, wood preservatives, resins, textiles, pharmaceuticals and drugs. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phosphine: Phosphine is a chemical used mainly in pesticides and rodenticides. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Phthalthrin: Phthalthrin is an insecticide - it is used mainly for indoor purposes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. Generally, large amounts need to be involved to cause serious symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans: Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans are a group of chemicals that are usually formed as a byproduct of various industrial processes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Prallethrin: Prallethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Profluthrin: Profluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Protrifenbute: Protrifenbute is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyresmethrin: Pyresmethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Pyrethroid: Pyrethroid is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Silafluofen: Silafluofen is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Solder: Solder contains various chemicals and heavy metals which can cause serious symptoms if sufficient quantities are swallowed. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tau-Fluvalinate: Tau-Fluvalinate is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tefluthrin: Tefluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tetramethrin: Tetramethrin is an insecticide - it is used mainly for indoor purposes. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. Generally, large amounts need to be involved to cause serious symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Tralomethrin: Tralomethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Transfluthrin: Transfluthrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Transpermethrin: Transpermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - Uranium: Uranium is an element used mainly in commercial nuclear power plants. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - alpha-Cypermethrin: alpha-Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide and acaricide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - beta-Cypermethrin: Beta-Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - gamma-Cyhalothrin: Gamma-Cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - lambda-Cyhalothrin: lambda-Cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - theta-Cypermethrin: theta -Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. The chemical is toxic to the nerve system. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical poisoning - zeta-Cypermethrin: zeta-Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid chemical used as an insecticide. Ingestion and other exposures to the chemical can cause various symptoms. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of the exposure.
• Chemical worker's lung (Ammonia): Inhalation of a chemical called Ammonia in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Chlorine): Inhalation of a chemical called Chlorine in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Formalin vapours): Inhalation of a chemical called Formalin vapours in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Hydrogen Sulfide): Inhalation of a chemical called Hydrogen Sulfide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Methylene Diisocyanate): Inhalation of a chemical called Methylene Diisocyanate in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Nitrogen dioxide): Inhalation of a chemical called Nitrogen dioxide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Ozone): Inhalation of a chemical called Ozone in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Phosgene): Inhalation of a chemical called Phosgene in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Sulfur dioxide): Inhalation of a chemical called Sulfur dioxide in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung (Trimellitic anhydride): Inhalation of a chemical called trimellitic anhydride)in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung - Lacquer: Inhalation of a lacquer (which contains isocyanates) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chemical worker's lung - Varnish: Inhalation of a varnish (which contains isocyanates) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the chemical. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Chilaiditi syndrome: A rare disorder where a part of the colon, or sometimes intestine, is abnormally positioned between the liver and the diaphragm. The defect may occur in people who have chronic lung disease or abdominal ascites but may also occur in healthy individuals without causing symptoms.
• Child abuse and neglect:
• Childhood liver cancer, primary: Cancer that develops in the tissue of the liver in children.
• Chloroleukemia: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Chloroma: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Chloromyeloma: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Cholestasis: A condition where bile formation or flow is reduced.
• Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 1: A rare inherited condition where bile is unable to drain from the liver where it builds up and causes progressive liver damage.
• Cholestatic jaundice -renal tubular insufficiency: A very rare syndrome characterized by liver and kidney problems.
• Chondroblastoma (benign): A rare benign bone tumor that usually forms in the ends of long bones such as the leg bones.
• Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Rhizomelic type: A rare genetic disorder characterized by slow growth, mental deficiency, characteristic facial features and skeletal deformities particularly of the limbs, spine and pelvis.
• Chondrodysplasia punctata, Sheffield type: A rare genetic disorder characterized by bone anomalies, failure to thrive and unusual facial features. The bone anomalies consists of abnormal calcification in various parts of the body such as the feet, toes, ankle, tailbone, vertebrae, top of thigh, upper arm and laryngeal cartilage. The calcification abnormalities tend to resolve after within the first 5 years.
• Chondrodysplasia punctata, brachytelephalangic: A rare disorder characterized by abnormal bone development involving stippled (speckled) calcification of growing ends of long bones. The main features of this disorder are retarded growth, facial anomalies and short end bones in fingers.
• Chondrodysplasia punctata, non rhizomelic type: A group of inherited disorder affecting the skeleton, skin, eyes and mental function. The disorders are characterized mainly by stippled epiphyses (abnormal calcification near joints) during infancy. The non-rhizomelic forms tend to be milder, with minimal or no upper limb shortening. The Joints in the ends of the arms and legs tend to be more affected. Some of the specific disorders in this group are Conradi-Hunermann disease, Happle's chondrodysplasia and brachytelephalagnic chondrodysplasia punctata. The range of symptoms and severity may vary between disorders.
• Chondrodystrophia calcificans congenita: A rare genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiency, short limbs, large skin pores, sparse hair and other abnormalities.
• Chondrodystrophia punctata, autosomal dominant: A rare genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiency, short limbs, large skin pores, sparse hair and other abnormalities.
• Chromophil renal cell carcinoma: A type of kidney tumor where the cells that make up the tumor take up dye readily during pathology testing.
• Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: A rare type of kidney tumor. The cells that make up the tumor tend to be clear and do not readily take up dye during pathology analysis. Metastasis often only occurs late in the course of the disease and surgical removal usually leads to a good prognosis.
• Chromosome 1, uniparental disomy 1q12 q21: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 10 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 10 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 10, distal trisomy 10q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 10 is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two. The condition is characterized by drooping upper eyelid, short palpebral fissures and camptodactyly.
• Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 resulting in variable abnormalities.
• Chromosome 10p duplication/10q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a section of the short arm (p) of chromosome 10 is duplicated and a section of the long arm (q) of chromosome 10 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 11, deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 11q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 11 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 11q partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is missing and is characterized by trigonencephaly, heart defects and a large, carp-shaped mouth.
• Chromosome 12 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 12 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 12, 12p trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 12, trisomy 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 12p deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 12p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is a deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 12p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 12q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy.
• Chromosome 13 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 13 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 13 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 13 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. Most die within months and there are few survivors after 10 years.
• Chromosome 13q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 13q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Chromosome 13q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is duplicated resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities.
• Chromosome 14 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 14 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing. The disorder is characterized by growth and mental retardation and characteristic facial features.
• Chromosome 14 trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of genetic material from chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 14 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of genetic material from chromosome 14 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 14 uniparental disomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where two homologues are obtained from one parent.
• Chromosome 14, trisomy mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by retarded growth before and after birth, mental retardation, developmental delay and various physical abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms may vary between patients.
• Chromosome 15 inverted duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an duplicated section of chromosome 15 which is reversed end-to-end resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 15 trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from chromosome 15.
• Chromosome 15q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 15q triplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of a part of the long arm of chromosome 15 resulting in various anomalies.
• Chromosome 15q, deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15.
• Chromosome 15q, trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 15. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 16p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 16. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 16q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 16q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 16. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material. Severe cases often result in spontaneous abortion or infant death.
• Chromosome 17 ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 17 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 17 trisomy mosaicism: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 17 in some of the body's cells. The type of symptoms and severity is determined by the number of cells that have the three copies. Some cases have no obvious symptoms.
• Chromosome 17, deletion 17q23 q24: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17p, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 17p, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 17q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 17. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 18 Ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 18 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 18, Tetrasomy 18p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of short arm of chromosome 18 instead of the normal two which results in various genital, kidney, digital, head and face abnormalities.
• Chromosome 18, trisomy 18q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving an extra copy of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 18q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 18. The type and severity of symptoms are determined by the amount and location of the lost genetic material.
• Chromosome 19 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 19 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 19p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm of chromosome 19 is duplicated resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 19q, partial duplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome is triplicated. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the duplicated genetic portion.
• Chromosome 1p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 1p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 1 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 1q deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 1q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 1 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 2 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 2 instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 2, monosomy 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 2, trisomy 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 20 ring: A rare chromosomal disorder where genetic material from one or both ends of chromosome 20 is missing and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring. The resulting type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of genetic material missing.
• Chromosome 20, deletion 20p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 20p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 21 monosomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is only one copy of chromosome 21 instead of the normal two leading to various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 21q deletion syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 21 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 21q, partial deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm of chromosome 21 is deleted.
• Chromosome 22 suprenumerary marker: A rare chromosomal disorder involving structural abnormalities of chromosome 22 and are more prevalent in children born to older mothers.
• Chromosome 22 trisomy mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder where three copies of chromosome 22 are present in some of the body's cells instead of the normal two. Severity of symptoms is determined by how many cells have the extra chromosomal material.
• Chromosome 22, monosome mosaic: A very rare chromosomal disorder where one copy of chromosome 22 occurs in some of the body's cells and results in various anomalies. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 22, monosomy mosaic: A very rare chromosomal disorder where one copy of chromosome 22 occurs in some of the body's cells and results in various anomalies.
• Chromosome 22, trisomy: A very rare disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 22 in all the body cells. The condition is usually fatal soon after birth or during the fetal stage.
• Chromosome 22q deletion: A rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material from the long arm of chromosome 22 is missing. The symptoms or severity may vary somewhat between patients.
• Chromosome 22q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 22q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm of chromosome 22 is duplicated.
• Chromosome 22q11.2 microduplication: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the chromosome 22 genetic material at the q11.2 location is duplicated resulting in various anomalies ranging from mild to severe amongst different patients.
• Chromosome 2p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 2p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 2q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 3, Monosomy 3p2: A very rare chromosomal disorder involving the deletion of the end portion of short arm of chromosome 3. Symptoms vary according to the exact size and location of the deletion.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 3 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two. The condition is characterized by mental and growth deficiency, broad nose root and excessive hair growth.
• Chromosome 4 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the ends of chromosome 4 have been deleted and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring shape resulting in a range of symptoms determined by the size and location of the genetic deletion.
• Chromosome 4 short arm deletion: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4, Monosomy 4q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 is missing resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 4, trisomy 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome four is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 4, trisomy 4q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 4p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 4q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 4 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 5, trisomy 5q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 5p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 5p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are four copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 rather than the normal two copies.
• Chromosome 5q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 5q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 6 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the ends of chromosome 6 have been deleted and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring shape resulting in a range of symptoms determined by the size of the genetic deletion.
• Chromosome 6, monosomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 6, trisomy 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 6p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 6q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 6q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7 deletion p22.2-p22.1: A chromosomal disorder where a small portion of chromosome 7 is deleted which results in a range of abnormalities.
• Chromosome 7 ring syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the ends of chromosome 7 have been deleted and the two broken ends have rejoined to form a ring shape resulting in a range of symptoms determined by the size of the genetic deletion.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 7, trisomy 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 7p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Chromosome 7p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 7q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Chromosome 8 recombinant syndrome: A rare recombinant chromosomal disorder involving chromosome 8 which results in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8, monosomy 8p: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 8, monosomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Chromosome 8, partial trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of part of chromosome 8 rather than the normal two which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 8, trisomy 8p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in three copies instead of two. The type and severity of symptoms depends on the location and length of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 8, trisomy 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 8p deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8p duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in three copies instead of two. The type and severity of symptoms depends on the location and length of genetic material duplicated.
• Chromosome 8p inverted duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving the inverted duplication of the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in three copies of the genetic material instead of the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the duplication.
• Chromosome 8p mosaic tetrasomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the short arm of chromosome 8 is repeated four times in some of the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 8q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Chromosome 8q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Chromosome 9 trisomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 9 in the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9, monosomy 9p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is missing resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of chromosome 9 in the body's cells instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 9 is duplicated so there is three copies of it instead of the normal two.
• Chromosome 9, trisomy 9q: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material on the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9/mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder where chromosome 9 is duplicated in some of the body's cells resulting in various abnormalities determined by the type and number of cells that contain the extra genetic material.
• Chromosome 9p tetrasomy syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where there is four copies of the short arm of chromosome 9 instead of the normal two resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chromosome 9q deletion syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is deleted resulting in variable symptoms.
• Chromosome 9q duplication: A very rare genetic disorder where a portion of the genetic material on the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 is duplicated which results in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the size and location of the genetic material involved.
• Chromosome 9q duplication syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 9 resulting in various abnormalities.
• Chronic Chemical poisoning - Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha: Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha is an ingredient used in certain pesticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Chronic Idiopathic Myelofibrosis: The bone marrow is consists of tissues which make blood cells and fibrous tissue supports these tissues that make the blood cells. In chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis, abnormal cells and fibres build up inside the bone marrow resulting in the production of fewer normal blood cells.
• Chronic Kidney Disease: Long-term and generally irreversible disease of the kidneys due to infection, obstruction, congenital diseases or generalised diseases causing failure of the kidneys' normal functions.
• Chronic Myeloproliferative Disease, Unclassified: A form of blood disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of myeloid precursors in the bone marrow. This category refers to cases of myeloproliferative disease which don't fit into any of the other specific type of myelproliferative diseases.
• Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders: A group of blood cancers where excessive numbers of blood cells are made by overactive or cancerous bone marrow. The number of excess blood cells tends to grow slowly. Examples of such disorders includes chronic myelogenous leukemia, polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. The symptoms are determined by which particular blood cancer is involved.
• Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia: A rare form of leukemia characterized by excessive levels of mature neutrophils.
• Chronic Pesticide poisoning - xylene: Xylene is an ingredient used in certain insecticides. Exposure to the chemical can cause a range of symptoms depending on the level and route of exposure. Exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, the skin or eyes. Acute exposure involves a exposure over a short period of time whereas chronic exposure occurs over a longer period of time.
• Chronic adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The acute form tends to progress relatively slowly and generally responds better to treatment than the other subtypes.
• Chronic berylliosis: A condition that results from long term exposure to beryllium in the form of dust or fumes. The lungs, skin eyes or blood may be affected.
• Chronic erosive gastritis: A rare disorder where inflamed lesions form on the stomach lining. The ulcers may occur over a long period of time or quickly.
• Chronic infections: Ongoing and often slow progressing infection; opposite to acute infections.
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A cancer of the blood and bone marrow where too many abnormal lymphocytes (white blood cells) are produced which eventually crowds out healthy blood cells in the body.
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia: A slow-growing cancer of the white blood cells where the bone marrow makes too many white blood cells which eventually invade various parts of the body.
• Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer involving the proliferation of immature precursors of certain blood cells - myelocytes and monocytes. The proliferation is slower than in acute forms of the disease.
• Chronic vitamin A toxicity: Chronic excessive ingestion of vitamin A can cause symptoms.
• Chuifong tokuwan-induced lead poisoning: Chuifong tokuwan is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to arthritis and other pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Cibophobia: Morbid dislike of food or eating.
• Cirrhosis, familial: Liver cirrhosis that is inherited in a familial pattern. The liver scarring (cirrhosis) is not caused by any discernable disease process. The liver becomes progressively scarred and its function is impaired.
• Classic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: A condition which is characterized by the formation of an acidosis due to a problem with the renal distal tubule
• Classic galactosemia: Rare serious genetic defect in galactose metabolism.
• Clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A type of kidney tumor where the cells that make up the tumor are clear.
• Cluster headache: Also known as alarm headache, more common in young men, presents with unilateral headache, rhinorrhea and lacrimation
• Cocaine addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use cocaine on a regular basis. Chronic cocaine use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Cockayne syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a senile-like appearance, hearing and vision impairment and sun sensitive skin.
• Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10), deficiency: A rare inherited disorder characterized by the deficiency of Coenzyme Q 10. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Coffee Worker's lung: Inhalation of coffee bean dust in occupational settings can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to small air-borne particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Cogan's syndrome: A disorder primarily involving eye inflammation and hearing impairment and dizziness. Complete deafness usually occurs within a couple of years. The disorder is caused by inflammation of the arteries in the ear. Sometimes arteries in other parts of the body may also be affected e.g. skin, kidneys and other organs.
• Cohen Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, obesity and prominent front teeth.
• Collagenous Colitis: A chronic disorder of the digestive system characterized by inflammation and thickening of the large intestine lining.
• Collagenous celiac disease: Collagenous celiac disease is used to describe progressive celiac disease characterized by the presence of a layer of collagen (scarring) in the intestinal layers. This form of celiac disease usually fails to respond to treatments such as gluten-free diets. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The condition usually fails to respond to treatment and has a poor prognosis.
• Colon Cancer, Familial: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous.
• Colorectal Polyps: Polyp growths in the colon or rectum.
• Colorectal adenomatous polyposis, dominant: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and occurs in a familial pattern. Most patients have at least one parent with the condition.
• Colorectal adenomatous polyposis, recessive: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous.
• Colorectal cancer: Cancer of the colon (bowel) or rectum.
• Combined pituitary hormone deficiency, non acquired, non syndromic: Deficiency of more than one pituitary hormone not associated with any other malformations or abnormalities. The condition may be due to a genetic defect or the result of tumors, surgery or radiation therapies. Symptoms can vary considerable depending on which hormones are affected.
• Comel-Netherton Syndrome: A rare inherited condition characterized by abnormally formed hair shafts and a skin condition involving scaling and redness of the skin. Patients are also predisposed to developing allergic conditions such as asthma and eczema and food allergies. The severity of the condition can vary with some infants having a poor prognosis due to severe allergies, infections and skin problems whereas others have milder symptoms and fewer allergic manifestations.
• Common symptoms: The most common symptoms
• Common ventricle: A congenital heart defect where the wall separating the two heart ventricles is completely missing.
• Complete Trisomy 18 syndrome: Complete Trisomy 18 syndrome is the most severe form of Edwards syndrome and involves an extra copy of chromosome 18 in all of the body cells. This severe form causes mental retardation and numerous physical defects that often cause death before birth or during infancy.
• Complete atrioventricular canal: A rare form of congenital heart disease where the there is a hole in the heart wall that separates the upper heart chambers, a hole the heart wall that separates the lower heart chambers and heart valve abnormalities (tricuspid and mitral valves). This results in excessive blood circulation in the lungs leading to congestive heart failure in untreated cases.
• Complex 1 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (NADH CoQ) disrupts cellular processes and causes various organic acid disorders. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. Presentation may range from infantile death to various disorders such as Leigh's disease, Parkinson's disease and cardiomyopathy.
• Complex 5 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (ATP synthetase) disrupts cellular processes. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. The deficiency may result in a variety of symptoms and conditions of variable severity such as Leber's myopathy, Leigh syndrome, cardiomyopathy and NARP (neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa).
• Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of disorders involving abnormally synthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. There is a long chain of events involved in the synthesis and defects may occur with any of the compounds or enzymes involved in the process. Progressive impairment and regression of skills often occurs after a period of normal development following birth.
• Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Type Ia: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Muscle weakness and wasting that starts at birth or around the time of birth. The severity and extent of muscle involvement is greatly variable.
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): A group of disorder that occur when there is a problem in the process of making adrenal corticosteroids.
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia - simple virilizing form in females: A group of disorder that occur when a deficiency of 21-hydroxylase impairs the normal process of making adrenal corticosteroids. The simple virilizing form involves a moderate deficiency of 21-hydroxylase and differs in its effects on males and females.
• Congenital benign spinal muscular atrophy dominant: A very rare syndrome characterized by non-progressive muscle weakness that affects mainly the legs.
• Congenital bronchogenic cyst: A rare birth condition characterized by the formation of a cyst in the middle of the chest, usually near the area where the trachea branches off. The condition may be asymptomatic but if the cyst is large enough it may cause problems by compressing nearby structures such as the trachea.
• Congenital chloride diarrhea: A rare birth disorder where the intestines don't absorb electrolytes properly (especially chloride) which leads to electrolyte imbalance which is potentially fatal if untreated. Symptoms often start while the infant is still inside the womb.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1A involves a phosphomannomutase enzyme defect and affects most body systems especially the nervous system and liver function.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1F: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IF is caused by a defect on chromosome 17p13.1-p12 and involves a defect on the MPDU1 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1G: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IG is caused by a defect on chromosome 22q13.33 and involves the gene for a particular enzyme (dolichyl-P-mannose:Man-7-GlcNAc-2-PP-dolichyl-alpha-6-mannosyltransferase).
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1I: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Ii is caused by a defect on chromosome 9q22 and involves a defect on the ALG2 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1K: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Ik is caused by a defect on chromosome 16p13.3 and involves a defect in the gene for beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase. The disorder is generally fatal within a year or two of birth.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1L: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Il is caused by a defect on chromosome 11q23 and involves a defect in the ALG9 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1M: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type Im is caused by a defect on chromosome 9q34.11 and involves a defect in the TMEM15 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1X: Congenital disorder of glycosylation is a rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type 1X also involves thrombocytopenia with normal levels of phosphomannomutase and phosphomannose isomerase. This form of the condition is severe and results in death during infancy.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2G: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IIg is caused by a defect on chromosome 17q25.1 and involves a defect on the COG1 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIH: Congenital disorders of glycosylation is a group of very rare inherited metabolic disorder where defective carbohydrate compounds are attached to glycoproteins and thus impairing glycoprotein function. Type IIh is caused by a defect on chromosome 16q22.1 and involves a defect on the COG8 gene.
• Congenital disorder of glycosylation type X - Bombay blood group phenotype: A rare inherited disorder characterized by abnormal neutrophil functioning which reduces the body's immunity. The abnormal neutrophils are unable to be transported to sites of infection due to their inability to adhere to certain blood vessel components which would normally lead them to the infection site. Infections may be life-threatening as the body is unable to destroy bacteria effectively. Type 2 LAD is where neutrophils can't adhere to necessary blood vessel components due to the absence of proteins on the blood vessel walls needed to bind and guide the neutrophils to the infection site.
• Congenital heart septum defect: A heart defect involving the septum which is present at birth. The defect is a hole in the wall of the heart that separates the right and left chambers and allows blood to flow through the hole. An atrial septal defect is a hole between the two upper heart chambers and a ventricular septal defect is a hole between the two lower heart chambers. Symptoms are determined by the size and exact location of the defect.
• Congenital hypoparathyroidism, seizures, growth and mental retardation and unusual facies: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by growth and mental retardation, seizures, unusual facial appearance and congenital hypoparathyroidism.
• Congenital megalo-ureter: A birth defect where the ureter is abnormally dilated due to a structural obstruction of the end portion of the ureter.
• Congenital microgastria limb reduction defect: A rare syndrome characterized by micrograstia and limb reduction as well as other abnormalities.
• Congenital microvillous atrophy: A birth disorder involving a defect in the cells lining the intestines which results in watery diarrhea from birth which can be life threatening if not treated.
• Congenital mitral malformation: Malformations of the mitral valve that are present at birth. The mitral valve allows blood to flow between the two chambers on the left side of the heart. Types of mitral malformation are atresia (absent mitral valve), stenosis (narrowed mitral valve) and parachute mitral valve.
• Congenital muscular dystrophy syringomyelia: A very rare disorder characterized by muscle weakness and wasting from birth, a severely deformed spine and syringomyelia (cyst in the spinal cord).
• Congenital short bowel: A rare birth defect where the bowel is abnormally short. A short bowel can impair the body's ability to absorb enough nutrients and hence result in malabsorption.
• Congenital sucrose-isomaltose malabsorption: A rare disorder where a congenital deficiency of an enzyme (sucrase-isomaltase) prevents the absorption of sucrase and isomaltose consumed in the diet.
• Congenital tuberculosis: Fetal infection with tuberculosis
• Congestive cardiac failure: A condition characterized by breathlessness and abnormal sodium and water retention.
• Conotruncal heart malformations: A rare group of heart defect involving the outflow tracts. Examples include truncus arteriosus, transposition of great arteries and tetralogy of Fallot. Obviously the symptoms will be determined by which specific defect is involved.
• Conradi-Huenermann Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiency, short limbs, large skin pores, sparse hair and other abnormalities.
• Conradi-Hunermann syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiency, short limbs, large skin pores, sparse hair and other abnormalities.
• Constipation: Hardness of stool or difficulty or inability to pass feces.
• Constrictive pericarditis: Inflammation, swelling and thickening of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) which causes it to tighten around the heart and affect its function. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Constrictive tuberculous pericarditis: Inflammation and swelling of the pericardium (fibrous sac surrounding the heart) that occurs as a complication of tuberculosis. The condition may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack and vice versa.
• Copper deficiency, familial benign: A rare inherited copper deficiency. Copper has many functions in the body including heart function, cholesterol metabolism, brain development, immune defenses, blood supply, glucose metabolism and normal bone development.
• Copper toxicity: Excessive accumulation of copper in the body can cause symptoms.
• Cor Triatriatum: A rare congenital malformation where the heart has three atria instead of the normal two due to the presence of a separating membrane.
• Cordyceps-induced lead poisoning: Cordyceps is a folk remedy by Chinese people to treat high blood pressure, bleeding problems and diabetes. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Corneal anesthesia deafness intellectual deficit: A very rare genetic disorder characterized distinctive facial features, ductus arteriosus, mental retardation and vision problems.
• Corneal anesthesia deafness mental retardation: A very rare genetic disorder characterized distinctive facial features, ductus arteriosus, mental retardation and vision problems.
• Corneal hypesthesia deafness intellectual deficit: A very rare genetic disorder characterized distinctive facial features, ductus arteriosus, mental retardation and vision problems.
• Corticosterone Methyloxidase type I Deficiency: A very rare genetic disorder where deficiency of a particularly chemical (aldosterone synthase) results in a deficiency of aldosterone. The condition can be severe enough to cause infant death unless the patient is diagnosed and treated.
• Crack addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crack on a regular basis. Chronic crack use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Crack is a form of cocaine - powdered cocaine is heated with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate to make rocks of crack. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Creatine deficiency, X-linked: A rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by mental retardation, seizures, short stature and facial anomalies. The disorder is caused by the absence of a compound needed to transport creatine and thus creatine levels may be normal or high, but the body is unable to utilize it.
• Cretinism athyreotic: A rare form of congenital hypothyroidism that causes mental and physical growth retardation in infants or children. Prompt thyroid hormone therapy is essential in order to prevent progressive neurological and motor deterioration.
• Cri-du-chat syndrome: A rare genetic disorder where a small portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 is missing. The condition is characterized by a high-pitched cry which is similar to a cat's cry.
• Crohn's disease: Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive system. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease. The disease can affect any area from the mouth to the anus. It often affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ileum.
• Crohn's disease of the esophagus: A rare disorder where Crohn's disease occurs in the esophagus. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammation of the walls of the digestive tract and usually occurs in the intestines.
• Cryptosporiosis: Contagious parasitic digestive infection
• Crystal meth addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use crystal meth on a regular basis. Crystal meth is a powerful stimulant used illegally for its effects. It is highly addictive and known by street names such as ice, speed, glass, crank and chalk. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Cushing-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of Cushing's disease
• Cutaneous photosensitivity colitis, lethal: A very rare syndrome where extreme sun sensitivity of the skin is associated with difficult to treat diarrhea. Death often occurs during infancy.
• Cutler Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by multisystem disorders including muscle wasting, ataxia, epilepsy, anemia and kidney disease. The kidney disease is most likely present at birth.
• Cyclospora cayetanenis food poisoning: Cyclospora cayetanenis is a parasite that can cause food poisoning. Contamination through consuming food and water contaminated through contact with infected feces. Diarrhea is usually the main symptom. The severity of symptoms often depends on the age and underlying health of the patient - the very young and old tend to be more severely affected.
• Cyclosporiasis: A parasitic disease caused by Cyclospora cayetensis which is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected fecal matter. Some cases are asymptomatic while others can be quite severe and untreated cases can suffer relapses.
• Cyclosporiosis: A parasitic disease caused by Cyclospora cayetensis which is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by infected fecal matter. Some cases are asymptomatic while others can be quite severe and untreated cases can suffer relapses.
• Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease affecting the exocrine (mucus) glands of the lungs, liver, pancreas, and intestines, causing progressive disability due to multisystem failure.
• Cystinosis: A rare biochemical disorder involving the accumulation of a chemical called cystine in various parts of the body which can cause harmful effects.
• Cytochrome c oxydase deficiency, French-Canadian type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Cytoplasmic body myopathy: A rare group of muscle diseases caused by protein deposits inside the muscle cells. The severity, rate of progression and extent of muscle involvement is variable.
• D'Acosta: A condition that occurs when an un-acclimatized person climbs to high altitudes.
• Darvocet withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Darcovet use is discontinued or reduced. Darcovet is a pain-killer. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence.
• De Lange 1: A rare disorder involving a variety of congenital abnormalities including retarded growth, behavioral problems, characteristic facial features and upper limb abnormalities.
• Deafness - lymphoedema - leukemia: A rare syndrome characterized by deafness, early-onset leukemia and lymphoedema in the lower legs.
• Deafness, vitiligo, achalasia: A rare disorder characterized by deafness, achalasia (difficulty swallowing) and patches of reduced pigmentation in the skin (vitiligo).
• Defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the impaired ability to make a chemical called adenosylcobalamin. Adenosylcobalamin is a derivative of vitamin B12. The defect results a biochemical abnormality which affects the body's normal biochemical functioning.
• Defective expression of HLA class 1: A genetic defect involving a deficiency of major histocompatibility complex class I which manifests as poor immunity. This deficiency tends to result in chronic respiratory tract infections and chronic lung disease. A deficiency of class II tends to cause severe combined immunodeficiency which manifests as systemic infections that do not appear in Class I deficiency.
• Defective expression of HLA class 2: An inherited immunodeficiency disorder which reduces the body's ability to fight infection. Lack of treatment can result in infant death from infection.
• Deficiency of Member 8 Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenace Family: An extremely rare metabolic disorder where the body is unable to metabolize certain proteins properly. More specifically, an insufficient level of the enzyme (isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to metabolize the amino acid valine. The onset and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Degenerative motor system disease: Any of a number of condition characterized by destruction of nerves that carry signals to muscles (motor neurons) and results in various muscle problems. The nerve destruction is often progressive leading to increasingly severe muscle problems.
• Degos Disease: A rare disorder where lesions caused by blood vessel inflammation and blockage form on the skin and eventually in the internal organs, especially in the small intestine.
• Deletion 11p: A syndrome that is caused by the deletion of short arm (p) of chromosome 11. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 13q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 13 is deleted resulting in various physical, neurological and developmental abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the amount and location of the deleted genetic material.
• Deletion 20p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder where part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Deletion 4p: A rare chromosomal disorder where part or all of the short arm (p) of chromosome 4 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities which are determined by the size of the deleted portion.
• Deletion 5p: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the genetic material from the short arm (p) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities. The resulting condition is often called Cri-du-Chat Syndrome and features may vary somewhat depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Deletion 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder where a part of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities depending on the location and length of missing genetic material.
• Deletion 8p: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of genetic material from the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Deletion 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving deletion of the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Depression: Inappropriate depressed mood.
• Depressive disorders: Depression or its various related conditions.
• Depressive symptoms: Inappropriate depressed mood.
• Dermatomyositis: A muscle disease characterized by chronic muscle inflammation resulting in progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic rash.
• Deshi Dewa-induced lead poisoning: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Indian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Desmin-related myopathy with Mallory body-like inclusions: A group of muscle disorder characterized by the build up of a protein called desmin in the muscle tissue. The severity of the disorder is variable.
• Detergent worker's disease: Inhalation of detergent in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• DiGeorge syndrome: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder which can result in a vast array of symptoms. Various names have been used to describe different manifestations of the syndrome. Di George Syndrome primarily involves an underdeveloped thymus and parathyroid glands which results in lowered immunity low blood calcium levels respectively. Another primary feature is heart defects. Various other variable features are also present. It is not uncommon for patients to have more than one of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome subtypes which can make diagnosis confusing - other subtypes include Sphrintzen syndrome, Caylor cardiofacial syndrome and CATCH 22.
• Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic: A disturbed water balance due to a deficiency of vasopressin (antidiuretic) hormone which causes excessive thirst and urination. Causes include autoimmune disease, malignancy, trauma, infection and blood vessel disease.
• Diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy: A rare association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic type 2: A rare congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. Type II is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, dominant type: A rare dominantly inherited, congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic, recessive type: A rare recessively inherited, congenital condition where the kidney fails to respond to the antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin), thus preventing reabsorption of water. This results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition is specifically caused by a defect in the AQP2 gene on chromosome 12q13.
• Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal: A form of infant diabetes that starts usually in the month of life but then usually disappears within a year. The condition predisposes the infant to diabetes later in life.
• Diabetes-like symptoms: Symptoms similar to those of diabetes
• Diabetic ketoacidosis: A metabolic acidosis that results from the accumulation of ketones when diabetes mellitus is poorly controlled
• Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Diamond-Blackfan anemia is a rare genetic condition where the bone marrow is unable to make sufficient red blood cells which leads low levels of red blood cells. There are eight subtypes of the condition which differ in the location of the genetic defect and the incidence of additional symptoms such as malformations. The severity of symptoms is variable but most cases are serious.
• Diarrhea 2, with Microvillous Atrophy: A rare congenital condition characterized by diarrhea resulting form a defect in small intestine.
• Dibasic aminoaciduria type 1: A rare disorder where the kidney excretes excessive amounts of certain amino acids (lysine, ornithine and arginine.
• Die-Smulders-Vles-Fryns syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by facial anomalies, long thin fingers and mental retardation.
• Diencephalic syndrome of infancy: A rare syndrome usually caused by a brain tumor located near the hypothalamus and results in symptoms such as low blood sugar, pale skin and loss of skin fat and failure to thrive.
• Dientamoeba fragilis: Parasite usually causing digestive symptoms
• Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by abnormal proliferation of B-lymphocytes. It is a cancer of the B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which, if untreated, can spread to other parts of the body such as the bones and the liver. It differs from follicular lymphoma in that it is a high-grade lymphoma that usually develops rapidly. Follicular lymphoma often transforms into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• Diffuse leiomyomatosis with Alport syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by multiple tumors (in the esophagus, female genitals, trachea and bronchus) and Alport syndrome which involves progressive kidney dysfunction.
• Diffuse systemic sclerosi: A rare condition that characterized by skin tightness affecting the trunk and extremities as well as organ involvement. It involves an early period of internal inflammation which distinguishes it from other forms of scleroderma and the organ involvement can be severe and even life-threatening.
• Digestive Diseases: Diseases that affect the digestive system
• Digestive symptoms: Any symptoms affecting the digestive tract.
• Dilaudid withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when Dilaudid use is discontinued or reduced. Dilaudid is a pain-killing drug. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Symptoms are usually peak during the second day and last about a week.
• Diphyllobothrium latum infection: A tapeworm infection with a tapeworm species called Diphyllobothrium latum. The infection is called diphyllobothriasis and usually results from eating undercooked contaminated fish. Infections are most common in countries where eating raw fish is common e.g. Japan, North America, Asia and parts of Europe. The severity of symptoms is variable but most infections are asymptomatic. The tapeworm infestation can continue for decades if untreated.
• Disordered Eating: Unusual and troubled eating habits
• Disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex: Mycobacterium avium complex is an opportunistic bacterium which tends to occur mainly in patients with advanced AIDS. The infection can spread throughout the body and result in such things as blood infections.
• Distal myopathy, Welander type: A very slowly progressing muscle fiber degeneration that starts as mild weakness in the small muscles of hands and feet and may eventually spread to neighboring muscles.
• Diverticular Disease: Protrusions of the colon wall (diverticulosis) or their inflammation (diverticulitis)
• Double outlet right ventricle: A very rare birth defect where the aorta and the pulmonary artery both exit from the right ventricle and thus blood is unable to be pumped to the lungs. However, a hole connects the two ventricles and ultimately allows some blood flow to the lungs. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the location of the connecting hole in the heart and the exact location of the two arteries with respect to the heart.
• Down's Syndrome associated Alzheimer's disease: Early-onset Alzheimer's is more prevalent in Down's Syndrome sufferers than in the general population. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Down's syndrome associated Celiac Disease: Patients with Down's syndrome have a high degree of susceptibility to developing celiac disease. Up to 17% of Down's syndrome sufferers develop celiac disease but this rate varies amongst age groups and country of origin. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Drug abuse: Drug use as a symptom of other conditions
• Dubowitz Syndrome: A rare genetic and developmental disorder characterized by infantile eczema, small stature, microcephaly and peculiar facial features.
• Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An inherited degenerative disease of the muscles which progresses rapidly compared to other muscle wasting diseases.
• Duodenal conditions: Any condition that affects the duodenum
• Duodenal ulcer: A peptic ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). The word "peptic" refers to pepsin, a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins. If a peptic ulcer is located in the stomach it is called a gastric ulcer.
• Dup (5)(q11-q22): A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of a certain section (q11-q22) of the long arm of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities.
• Dup (5)(q22-q23): A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of a certain section (q22-q23) of the long arm of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities.
• Dup (5)(q31-qter): A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of a certain section (q31-qter) of the long arm of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities.
• Dup (5)(q32-qter): A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of a certain section (q32-qter) of the long arm of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities.
• Dup (5)(q33-qter): A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of a certain section (q33-qter) of the long arm of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities.
• Duplication 12p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the short arm (p) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms depend on the amount and location of genetic material deleted.
• Duplication 12q: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of the long arm (q) of chromosome 12 rather than the normal two resulting in various abnormalities. In most cases, death occurs during infancy. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is duplicated.
• Duplication 18: A rare genetic chromosomal syndrome where the child has an extra third copy of chromosome 18. Most fetuses are aborted before term, but a live birth with this condition occurs with a frequency around 1-in-3000. Duplication 18 syndrome is more severe than the more common Down syndrome. Duplication 18 syndrome causes mental retardation and numerous physical defects that often cause an early infant death. The condition has variable severity depending on how many of the body's cells have the extra chromosome and how much of the extra chromosome is duplicated. In severe forms all cells have an extra copy of the complete chromosome 18 whereas milder forms may have only some cells having the extra chromosome. Other mild forms may have an extra copy of only part of chromosome 18 in some or all of the body cells.
• Duplication 2p: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of the short arm (p) of chromosome 2 is duplicated so there is three copies of it rather than the normal two.
• Duplication 2q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 2 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 5q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 5 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 6q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 6 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 7p: A rare chromosomal disorder where there are three copies of all or part of the short arm (p) of chromosome 7 rather than the normal two. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 7q: A rare chromosomal disorder involving duplication of the long arm (q) of chromosome 7 which results in various abnormalities depending on the size and location of the portion of duplicated genetic material.
• Duplication 8p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in three copies instead of two. The type and severity of symptoms depends on the location and length of genetic material duplicated.
• Duplication 8q: A rare chromosomal disorder where the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 is duplicated resulting in variable abnormalities depending on the location and length of genetic material deleted.
• Dwarfism: An abnormally short individual
• Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen Syndrome: A rare genetic bone growth disorder characterized by short stature and other skeletal deformities.
• Dyskeratosis congenita of Zinsser-Cole-Engman: An inherited condition characterized by recurring painful mouth ulcers, skin pigmentation and nail abnormalities.
• Dysphagia: When swallowing is difficult
• Dysthymia: Chronic depression usually associated with elderly people suffering stress from a variety of causes.
• Dystrophia myotonica 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by myotonia, muscle atrophy, cataracts and hypogonadism.
• Ear, patella, short stature syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder abnormalities of the inner and outer ear structures, missing kneecap and short stature as well as other physical and developmental abnormalities.
• Early-onset Alzheimer's: Early-onset Alzheimer's is a form of Alzheimer's disease that is linked to genetic defects or occurs in a familial pattern. It is not as common as the non-inherited form of Alzheimer's - occurs in up to 90% of Alzheimer sufferers. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Eating Disorder not Otherwise Specified (ENDOS): Eating disorder that does not match a specific category.
• Eating symptoms: Symptoms related to eating.
• Ecstasy addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use ecstasy on a regular basis. Chronic ecstasy use can lead to dependency in as little as two weeks. Ecstasy is a synthetic psychoactive drug often used as a recreational drug. Street names for the drug includes: XTC, Adam, Clarity, Lover's Speed, Hug, Beans and Love Drug. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, anhidrotic with T-cell immunodeficiency, autosomal dominant: An inherited disorder characterized by dry, rough skin, sparse scalp hair, cone-shaped teeth and an immune system disorder.
• Ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic, with immune deficiency: A rare genetic disorder characterized inability to sweat, immune system problems and hair and teeth abnormalities.
• Edinburgh malformation syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mental and physical retardation, infant death and various other abnormalities.
• Edward Syndrome: A rare genetic chromosomal syndrome where the child has an extra third copy of chromosome 18. Most fetuses are aborted before term, but a live birth with this condition occurs with a frequency around 1-in-3000. Duplication 18 syndrome is more severe than the more common Down syndrome. Duplication 18 syndrome causes mental retardation and numerous physical defects that often cause an early infant death. The condition has variable severity depending on how many of the body's cells have the extra chromosome and how much of the extra chromosome is duplicated. In severe forms all cells have an extra copy of the complete chromosome 18 whereas milder forms may have only some cells having the extra chromosome. Other mild forms may have an extra copy of only part of chromosome 18 in some or all of the body cells.
• Edwards Syndrome: A rare inherited genetic disorder where a portion of chromosome 18 is duplicated. Most affected individuals die during the fetal stage and surviving infants have serious defects and tend to live for only a short while.
• Eijkman's syndrome: A group of nervous symptoms that is associated with vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. The deficiency leads to a condition called Beri-Beri. Severe cases result in progressive paralysis leading to convulsions and death as the nerves become increasingly inflamed and wasted.
• Electrolyte abnormality: An imbalance in the level of any of a number of chemicals (electrolytes) in the blood stream e.g. chloride, sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate. Symptoms can vary depending on which electrolyte is involved and the severity of the imbalance - severe cases can readily lead to death. An electrolyte abnormality can be caused by such things excessive loss of body fluid through vomiting or diarrhea, kidney conditions, malabsorption and various drugs such as diuretics and chemotherapy drugs.
• Emanuel syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 11 is translocated with a portion of chromosome 22. The disorder involves a wide range of abnormalities such as kidney, genital and heart abnormalities, mental retardation, small head and failure to thrive.
• Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, X-linked: A muscle wasting disorder mainly involving the muscles in the arms, legs, face, neck, spine and heart. Symptoms generally only occur in males but female carriers may have some symptoms.
• Emotional symptoms: Symptoms affecting the emotions.
• Encephalitis: Infection of the brain (as a symptom)
• Encephaloceles: Improper protrusions of parts of the meninges and brain.
• Encephalopathy due to GLUT1 deficiency: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where a genetic mutation results in the deficiency of an enzyme called glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is required to metabolise certain amino acids (lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan). Problems occur when these metabolites build up in the body and cause neurological problems. Symptoms often develop following an acute infection or fasting. The severity of the condition is highly variable from development of neurological symptoms during infancy to asymptomatic adults. The degree of enzyme deficiency will usually determine the severity.
• End Stage Liver Failure: Late stage of liver failure characterised by the onset of mental and neurological symptoms, due to build up of toxic metabolites.
• Endocardial fibroelastosis: A rare heart disorder characterized by a thickening of the heart muscle lining causing heart enlargement and heart failure.
• Endocrine disorder: disease affecting the endocrine glands
• Endocrine pancreatic cancer: Any disease that affects the endocrine pancreas
• Endodermal sinus tumor: A form of malignant germ cell tumor that occurs mainly in young children. They can occur in the testis, ovaries, uterus, abdomen, thorax, tailbone region, vagina, liver, retroperitoneum and pineal ventricle of the brain. Symptoms will vary depending on the exact location of the tumor.
• Endometrial stromal sarcoma: A rare type of cancer that develops from the endometrial layer of the uterus. The cancer may be slow-growing or aggressive and may metastasize.
• Enteropathy type T-cell lymphoma: A rare subtype of gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Uncontrolled celiac disease appears to be a risk factor for developing this type of lymphoma.
• Enterovirus antenatal infection: Fetal infection with enterovirus. The condition is extremely rare but infection around the time of birth often results in death or paralysis in survivors. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the exact type of virus involved and at what stage of development the infection occurs.
• Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome: A life-threatening condition caused by ingesting tryptophan.
• Epidermoid carcinoma: A non-small-cell type of lung cancer. The cancer develops from cells that line the inside of the lungs.
• Erb's dystrophy: A slow progressing, muscle wasting disease. The muscles in the upper arms are affected first. Eventually muscles in the shoulders, trunk, thigh and pelvic girdle are involved. Eventually the facial muscles also become weak.
• Erb-Goldflam: An inherited disorder characterized by a defect in the transmission of signals to the muscles which results in muscle weakness.
• Erdheim-Chester syndrome: A very rare lipid storage disorder involving lipid deposits in various organs and hardening of the ends of long bones which affects the growth of the bone. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Erythroderma desquamativa of Leiner: A rare skin disorder characterized by a reddish, thickened skin rash that spreads to various parts of the body and is usually accompanied by diarrhea, failure to thrive, anemia and recurring local and systemic infections.
• Erythroderma lethal congenital: A rare disorder which results in death within a year of birth and involves skin and growth problems.
• Esophageal stricture: Narrowing of the esophagus
• Esophagitis: Inflammation of the esophagus
• Esophagus symptoms: Symptoms affecting the esophagus (digestive throat passage)
• Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia: A rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of a mixture of various types of antibodies (crylglobulins) in the blood.
• Excessive hunger: Inappropriate hunger or overeating.
• Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor: A rare form of cancer that originates in germ cells that are found in areas such as the brain, chest, tailbone or abdomen rather than the ovaries or testicles. Germ cells are the precursors for male sperm and female eggs. The symptoms are determined by the location and size of the tumor.
• Extramedullary Myeloid Tumor: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• FACWA syndrome: A rare progressive neurological disorder involving degeneration of part of the brain (basal ganglia) and muscle wasting.
• FG syndrome 2: A rare inherited disorder characterized by anal abnormalities, reduced muscle tone and abnormal brain development. In type 2, the genetic defect is located on chromosome Xq28.
• FOSMN syndrome: A rare neurodegenerative disorder that starts in the face and spreads to the scalp and upper body. The condition progresses slowly.
• Failure to thrive: Inadequate or interrupted physical growth.
• Fallot syndrome: A congenital heart disorder consisting of four heart defects - hole between the ventricles (ventricular septal defect), obstruction from right ventricles to the lungs (subpulmonary stenosis), overriding aorta and thickened right ventricle muscle.
• Familial Colorectal Cancer: An inherited disorder in which affected individuals have a higher-than-normal chance of developing colorectal cancer and certain other types of cancer, often before the age of 50.
• Familial Forms of Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour. Familial forms of the disease tend to run in families and are linked to mutations on various genes. Chromosome 1, 14 19 and 21 are the main chromosomes where mutations resulting in Alzheimer's are located..
• Familial Intestinal Polyposis: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous.
• Familial Multiple Polyposis: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous.
• Familial Wilms tumor 2: A familial form malignant kidney tumor that occurs in children. Type 2 differs from other forms of Wilms tumor by the origin of the genetic defect (chromosome 19q13.4).
• Familial adenomatous polyposis, autosomal dominant: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and occurs in a familial pattern. Most patients have at least one parent with the condition.
• Familial emphysema: A rare genetic form of emphysema caused by a deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) which results in destruction of the elastin component of the lung structure. The disorder tends to run in families (familial).
• Familial hyperchylomicronemia: A rare inherited inborn error of metabolism involving the absence of the enzyme called lipoprotein lipase which results in increased blood triglyeride and chylomicron levels.
• Familial hypopituitarism: Impaired pituitary gland hormone-producing activity that tends to run in families. The failure of the pituitary gland in turn affects other hormone-producing glands which rely on the hormones from the pituitary gland for their activity. Symptoms are determined by the degree and type of hormone deficiency involved.
• Familial interstitial fibrosis: A rare familial disorder involving fibrosis and scarring of the lung tissue which causes the lung to become stiff and unable to function normally.
• Familial polyposis: Rare genetic disease causing multiple colorectal polyps
• Familial polyposis - classical: An inherited condition where polyps develop in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. The polyps are initially benign but may become malignant if untreated.
• Familial polyposis, autosomal recessive: An inherited condition where polyps develop in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. The polyps are initially benign but may become malignant if untreated. The autosomal recessive form of this condition is characterized by fewer polyps than in other forms (less than 100) and is due to mutations in a different gene.
• Familial renal cell carcinoma: A genetic form of kidney cancer that develops in the lining of the tubules in the kidney and tends to run in families.
• Fanconi syndrome: Fanconi syndrome that occurs secondary to the accumulation of crystals of light-chain immunoglobulin molecules in the kidney tubules which affects their functioning.
• Fanconi-Bickel syndrome: A rare inherited disorder where the impaired metabolism of carbohydrates results in a build-up of glycogen in the liver.
• Farber's disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme called ceramidase resulting in the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals in the body which causes damage and inflammation.
• Farmer's lung - Micropolyspora faeni: Inhalation of moldy contaminated with bacteria (Micropolyspora faeni) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the moldy hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Farmer's lung - Thermoactinomyces vulgaris: Inhalation of moldy contaminated with bacteria (Thermoactinomyces vulgaris) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the moldy hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Farouk-induced lead poisoning: Farouk is a folk remedy by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Feather Plucker's lung: Inhalation of particles from chicken feathers in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the proteins in the chicken feathers. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Felty syndrome: A rare complication of long-term rheumatoid arthritis which involves an enlarged spleen and blood abnormalities.
• Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome: A rare disorder caused by fetal exposure to phenytoin (anticonvulsant drug) and resulting in various abnormalities.
• Fetal thalidomide syndrome: The maternal use of thalidomide during pregnancy increases the risk of birth defects.
• Fetal warfarin syndrome: A rare disorder caused by fetal exposure to warfarin (anticoagulant) and resulting in physical, neurological and mental abnormalities.
• Fibrosing alveolitis: A condition characterized by abnormalities in the fibrous tissues between lung alveoli which results in inflammation.
• Filovirus: A group of viruses that includes Marburg and Ebola
• Finnish lethal neonatal metabolic syndrome: A very rare lethal metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of complex III which causes brain, kidney and liver problems and ultimately results in early death.
• Finnish nephrosis syndrome: A rare inherited disorder where the kidney's ability to filter is defective and results in excessive protein in the urine, failure to thrive and malnutrition.
• Fish meal worker's lung: Inhalation of a fish meal particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fish meal particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Fistula: The abnormal passage between two internal organs
• Floating Harbor Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiency, typical facial appearance and speech delay.
• Foix-Alajouanine syndrome: A rare type of spinal cord disease caused by malformations in blood vessels supplying the spinal cord. Insufficient blood flow to the spinal cord causes muscle problems.
• Follicular dendritic cell tumor: A rare form of malignant tumor. Follicular dendritic cells are immune system cells found in lymph follicles. The tumor tends to be low grade and tends to reoccur after removal and occasionally metastasizes. The symptoms are determined by the location and size of the tumor. The tumor can occur on various parts of the body such as lymph nodes, tonsils, armpits and mediastinum but is most common in the neck lymph nodes.
• Follicular hamartoma - alopecia - cystic fibrosis: A rare syndrome characterized by small benign growths that develop in hair follicles, alopecia and cystic fibrosis.
• Follicular lymphoma: A form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by an abnormal proliferation of B-lymphocytes. It is a cancer of the B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which, if untreated, can spread to other parts of the body such as the bones and the liver. It differs from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in that it is a low-grade lymphoma that usually develops slowly. Follicular lymphoma often transforms into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
• Food Allergy - milk: A milk allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to milk or food containing milk. The body's immune system produces immunoglobulin E (IgE - an antibody) and histamine in response to contact with the allergen. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches.
• Food symptoms: Symptoms related to food.
• Forbes disease: A rare inherited glycogen storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme amylo-1,6-glucosidase resulting in a build up of glycogen in the liver and muscles.
• Fothergill disease: Episodes of severe facial pain that lasts from seconds to minutes and involves the trigeminal nerve.
• Fowl Paralysis: A viral disease that affects poultry - it is very contagious and is a herpes virus. The virus tends to affect the nerves and cause tumors in internal organs. Poultry may be unable to lay eggs or may even die. Young birds are more susceptible than older birds with death most common between the ages of 8 and 20 weeks. The virus may attack the nervous system and result in paralysis or it may attack the visceral system and cause tumors in the internal organs. Some birds may die without any obvious symptoms.
• Fowl paralyses: A viral disease that affects poultry - it is very contagious and is a herpes virus. The virus tends to affect the nerves and cause tumors in internal organs. Poultry may be unable to lay eggs or may even die. Young birds are more susceptible than older birds with death most common between the ages of 8 and 20 weeks. The virus may attack the nervous system and result in paralysis or it may attack the visceral system and cause tumors in the internal organs. Some birds may die without any obvious symptoms.
• Francisella tularenis infection: Francisella tularenis is a type of bacteria that can cause infection involving the skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. The nature and severity of symptoms varies depending on the location of the infection. The bacteria primarily causes localized tissue necrosis. The pathogen is considered a possible biological weapon.
• Francois dyscephalic syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by very small stature, microphthalmia, small pinched nose and hypotrichosis.
• Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by abnormal development of the skeleton and muscles.
• Friedreich ataxia - congenital glaucoma: A rare disorder characterized by glaucoma at birth and a progressive neuromuscular disorder.
• Froehlich syndrome: A rare condition where an endocrine abnormality (caused by such things as a pituitary tumor or damage to the hypothalamus) affects hormone levels which results in a variety of symptoms.
• Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, hereditary: An inherited metabolic disorder where deficiency of the enzyme fructose-1-phsophate aldolase prevents fructose being metabolized resulting in fructose intolerance.
• Fucosidosis type 1: A rare biochemical disorder involving deficiency of an enzyme (alpha-fucosidase) which results in accumulation of certain chemicals (glycosphingolipids) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. It is an infantile form of fucosidosis which starts early and rapidly progresses to early death.
• Fucosidosis type II: A form of the biochemical disorder called fucosidosis where an enzyme deficiency (alpha-fucosidase) results in the accumulation of certain chemicals (glycosphingolipids) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Symptoms start later and progress slower than in type I and is distinguished by warty skin growths.
• Fukuyama type muscular dystrophy: A rare inherited muscle wasting disease occurring predominantly in Japan and characterized by mental retardation and muscle weakness from infancy.
• Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor: Tumors that develop in the pancreas and cause excessive secretion of one or more pancreatic hormones such as insulin, somatostatin, glucagons, gastrin, ACTH (corticosteroids) and vasoactive intestinal peptidase.
• Furrier's lung: Inhalation of a dust from animal fur in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the animal fur. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Furukawa-Takagi-Nakao syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by muscle weakness and wasting, ataxia, diabetes and eye problems.
• GAPO syndrome: A rare condition characterized by retarded growth, alopecia, otpic atrophy and failure of teeth to erupt.
• GM1 gangliosidosis: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type 1 is a severe infantile form of the disorder and involves a greater degree of accumulation than type II or III.
• Galactosemia: Accumulation of galactose in the blood leading to mental retardation and failure to thrive if not corrected.
• Galactosemia I: A rare inherited disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase) prevents the metabolism of galactose which is a sugar component of milk. Ranges from milk intolerance in mild cases to death in severe untreated cases.
• Galactosemia III: A rare inherited disorder where deficiency of a particular enzyme (UDP-Galactose-4-epimerase) prevents the metabolism of galactose which is a sugar component of milk. The condition may vary from mild to severe.
• Gall Bladder Cancer: Cancer of the gall bladder.
• Gall bladder conditions: Any condition that affects the gallbladder
• Gamstorp-Wohlfart syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by muscle weakness, low muscle tone, increased sweating and muscle twitching (myokymia)
• Gangliosidosis generalized GM1, type 1: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type 1 is a severe infantile form of the disorder and involves a greater degree of accumulation than type II or III.
• Gangliosidosis, generalized GM1 type 3: A rare biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme (beta-galactosidase A) which results in the accumulation of harmful chemicals (GM1 gangliosides) in the central nervous system and other body tissues. Type III involves a lesser degree of accumulation than type II or I.
• Gardner syndrome: A rare inherited disorder involving polyps in the colon and tumors in various other parts of the body and other abnormalities such as extra teeth.
• Gastric Reflux: Condition where relaxation of the sphincter at the bottom of the oesophagus allows acidic stomach contents to enter the oesophagus, causing irritation (See also Gastro-oesophageal Reflex Disease (GORD))
• Gastric Ulcer: A gastric ulcer is a break in the normal tissue that lines the stomach.
• Gastric cancer, borrmann 4: A form of malignant gastric tumor which results in the stomach tissue becoming thick and rigid.
• Gastric lymphoma: A rare type of tumor that occurs in the lining of the stomach. The tumor may be primary or have spread there from other parts of the body. This type of tumor is more common in old people.
• Gastrinoma: Rare tumors secreting the digestive hormone gastrin.
• Gastritis, familial giant hypertrophic: A rare inherited chronic disorder characterized by overgrowth of the stomach lining resulting in excessive folds.
• Gastroenteritis: An infection of the bowel
• Gastrointestinal neoplasm: A growth or excessive proliferation of cells in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the esophagus, intestine, pharynx and stomach. The growth may be benign or malignant. The symptoms are determined by the size, location and stage of the tumor.
• Gastroparesis: A condition characterized by the paralysis of the stomach
• Gelatinous ascites: A large abdominal cyst filled with gelatinous or mucous fluid. It is often caused by a mucous-producing abdominal cancer.
• Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease resulting from autoimmune dysfunction. In generalized myasthenia gravis weakness develops mainly in the limbs and trunk. The severity of symptoms may vary amongst patients. Most patients suffer increased severity of symptoms during the day with improvement after sleeping.
• Generalized lipodystrophy with mental retardation, deafness, short stature and slender bones: A recessively inherited disorder characterized by short stature, mental retardation, deafness, slender bones and degeneration of the body's fat tissue.
• Geroderma osteodysplastica: A rare connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by elastic skin, a prematurely aged facial appearance and abnormal calcification of bones causing them to break easily.
• Gerodermia osteodysplastica: A rare connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by elastic skin, a prematurely aged facial appearance and abnormal calcification of bones causing them to break easily.
• Gerodermia osteodysplastica hereditaria: A rare connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by elastic skin, a prematurely aged facial appearance and abnormal calcification of bones causing them to break easily.
• Gerodermia osteodysplasticum: A rare connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by elastic skin, a prematurely aged facial appearance and abnormal calcification of bones causing them to break easily.
• Ghasard-induced lead poisoning: Ghasard is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Asian and Indian people as a tonic (usually for indigestion). This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Giardia: Contagious parasitic digestive infection
• Gigantism partial - nevi - hemihypertrophy - macrocephaly: A rare genetic disorder characterized by overgrowth of bones, fatty tissues and skin in various parts of the body.
• Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix: A rare type of cervical cancer.
• Glucagonoma: Rare cancer of the glucagon-producing pancreas cells.
• Glucagonoma syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a tumor which secretes glucagon and a characteristic spreading rash, diabetes mellitus and various other symptoms.
• Glucocorticoid deficiency, familial: A rare inherited disorder where the adrenals don't respond to ACTH resulting in glucocorticoid deficiency.
• Glucose-galactose malabsorption: An inherited metabolic disorder where the small intestine is unable to absorb and transport glucose and galactose that is consumed in the diet due to a lack of intestinal monosaccharidase.
• Glutaric aciduria 1: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where a genetic mutation results in the deficiency of an enzyme called glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is required to metabolise certain amino acids (lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan). Problems occur when these metabolites build up in the body and cause neurological problems. Symptoms often develop following an acute infection or fasting. The severity of the condition is highly variable from development of neurological symptoms during infancy to asymptomatic adults. The degree of enzyme deficiency will usually determine the severity.
• Glutaricaciduria type 1: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where a genetic mutation results in the deficiency of an enzyme called glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is required to metabolise certain amino acids (lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan). Problems occur when these metabolites build up in the body and cause neurological problems. Symptoms often develop following an acute infection or fasting. The severity of the condition is highly variable from development of neurological symptoms during infancy to asymptomatic adults. The degree of enzyme deficiency will usually determine the severity.
• Glutaricaciduria type 3: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of the glutaryl-CoA oxidase enzyme. The disorder is severe with death occurring during infancy or soon after birth.
• Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A rare inherited metabolic disorder where a genetic mutation results in the deficiency of an enzyme called glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is required to metabolise certain amino acids (lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan). Problems occur when these metabolites build up in the body and cause neurological problems. Symptoms often develop following an acute infection or fasting. The severity of the condition is highly variable from development of neurological symptoms during infancy to asymptomatic adults. The degree of enzyme deficiency will usually determine the severity.
• Gluten allergy: Gluten allergy is an adverse reaction by the body's immune system to gluten or foods containing gluten. The specific symptoms that can result can vary considerably amongst patients from a severe anaphylactic reaction to asthma, abdominal symptoms, eczema or headaches. Gluten allergy is similar to celiac disease - celiac disease only occurs in people with a genetic defect which predisposes them to the condition whereas gluten can occur in anyone but is more common in people who are also prone to other allergies.
• Glycogen Storage Disease Type I: An inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase prevents glycogen being turned into glucose leading to a buildup of glycogen in the liver and kidneys. Most problems tend to develop during adulthood.
• Glycogen branching deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where an enzyme deficiency (glycogen branching enzyme) results in a harmful buildup of glycogen byproducts in the liver, muscle and even the heart in some cases. The severity of symptoms is variable depending on the degree of enzyme deficiency and how strictly treatment measures are adhered to.
• Glycogen debranching deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where an enzyme deficiency (amylo-1,6-glucosidase) results in a harmful buildup of glycogen byproducts in the liver, muscle and even the heart in some cases. The severity of symptoms is variable depending on the degree of enzyme deficiency and how strictly treatment measures are adhered to.
• Glycogen storage disease type 1C: A genetic metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (due to a defect in the microsomal phosphate) which results in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues. G6P is stored as glycogen until the body needs to convert it to a sugar for energy. The enzyme deficiency prevents the conversion and hence low blood sugar levels result.
• Glycogen storage disease type 1D: A genetic metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (due to a defect in the microsomal glucose transporter) which results in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues. G6P is stored as glycogen until the body needs to convert it to a sugar for energy. The enzyme deficiency prevents the conversion and hence low blood sugar levels result.
• Glycogen storage disease type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down.
• Glycogen storage disease type 6: A rare, generally mild form of inherited glycogen storage disease where a deficiency of phosphorylase b kinase leads to hypoglycemia and accumulation of glycogen in the liver.
• Glycogen storage disease type 6A, due to phosphorylase kinase deficiency: A rare, generally mild form of inherited glycogen storage disease where a deficiency of phosphorylase kinase leads to hypoglycemia and accumulation of glycogen in the liver. Phosphorylase kinase deficiency can cause glycogen storage disease type VIa and/or IX.
• Glycogenosis type 2: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the harmful accumulation of certain chemicals (glycogen) in body tissues due to the deficiency of an enzyme (?-glucosidase or acid maltase) needed to break it down. The severity of the condition is variable and onset may occur during infancy, childhood or adulthood.
• Good syndrome: A rare condition characterized by low immunity (due to reduced number of B cells) and thymoma.
• Goodpasture syndrome: A rare disease involving inflammation of membranes in the lung and kidneys.
• Graft versus host disease - chronic: A condition that occurs as a complication of bone marrow transfusion or leukocyte transfusion. The introduced transfusion material produces immune cells against the host's body. The chronic form of the condition usually results in symptoms 3 months or more after the transfusion.
• Graft-versus-host disease - acute: A rare condition that occurs in people with a poor immune system who undergo a bone marrow transplant or blood transfusion.
• Graves disease: A condition which is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid resulting hyperthyroidism
• Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature closing of skull bones and craniofacial abnormalities, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Greta-induced lead poisoning: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Grief or loss: The normal emotional response that occurs to an external loss
• Growth and mental retardation, mandibulofacial dysostosis, microcephaly, and cleft palate: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, retarded growth, small head, cleft palate and facial abnormalities.
• Growth suppression: The suppression of the growth of an individual
• Gräsbeck-Imerslund disease: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• HIV/AIDS: HIV is a sexually transmitted virus and AIDS is the progressive immune failure that HIV causes.
• Hai Ge Fen-induced lead poisoning: Hai Ge Fen is clamshell powder used mainly by Chinese people to make traditional Chinese herbal medicines. This product has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Hairy cell leukemia: A chronic leukemia which causes an excess of abnormal mononuclear cells which appear hair like under microscopy
• Hamman-Rich syndrome: A rare acute lung disease where the lung sufferers progressive inflammation and fibrosis which often leads to death.
• Hanhart syndrome type I: A rare genetic disorder characterized by retarded growth, impaired libido, distinctive facial features, delayed puberty and excess fatty deposits in breast and abdominal area.
• Hanhart syndrome type II: A rare genetic disorder characterized by retarded growth, distinctive facial features, delayed puberty, excess fatty deposits in breast and abdominal area, small jaw , small tongue, hand and foot deformities and missing teeth.
• Harrod Doman Keele syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by skull, facial, genital, finger and toe abnormalities.
• Havlikova syndrome: A rare familial disorder involving liver, spleen and pancreatic problems.
• Hay Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of hay particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne hay particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Heart symptoms: Symptoms affecting the heart
• Heartburn: Chest or digestive pain from reflux of stomach acid
• Heiner syndrome: A disease caused by the precipitation in the blood of antibodies to cow's milk.
• Helicobacter cinaedi infection: Helicobacter cinaedi is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis.
• Helicobacter fenneliae infection: Helicobacter fenneliae is a food borne bacterial infection which may cause mild to severe gastroenteritis.
• Helicobacter pylori bacteria: A bacteria that can infect the gastrointestinal system
• Helminthiasis: Infection of the human body with a parasitic worm such as roundworms and pinworms. The worms usually only involve the intestinal tract but sometimes they may invade other organs. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the type of worm and the part of the body infected.
• Hemangioendothelioma: A rare type of blood vessel tumor that can occur anywhere in the body but is most often found in the skin, liver and spleen. Symptoms vary according to the exact location.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 1: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children and can be life-threatening.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 2: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 2 is caused by a defect on chromosome 10q22.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 3 is caused by a defect on chromosome 17q25.1.
• Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 4: A rare recessively inherited disorder involving an overactive immune system. More specifically, the body becomes infiltrated by large numbers of histiocytes (macrophages) that accumulate in various organs such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow, skin and central nervous system. It usually only occurs in infants and young children. Type 4 is caused by a defect on chromosome 6q24.
• Hemophagocytic reticulosis: The abnormal proliferation of reticulum cell (histiocytes) which infiltrate various organs and. Macrophages destroy blood cells causing blood abnormalities. Meningoencephalitis frequently occurs when the histiocytes infiltrate the mininges and cerebral tissue. Symptoms start at birth or soon after and become progressively worse without treatment. Medication can control the condition but a hematopoietic stem cell transplant is needed to achieve remission.
• Hemosiderosis: A rare lung condition where bleeding into the lungs causes lung damage due to the accumulation of iron. The severity of the condition is determined by the amount of bleeding.
• Henna-induced lead poisoning: Henna is used mainly by Middle Eastern people as a hair and skin dye. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura: A common and often recurrent form of purpura mostly occurring in children. The condition is marked arthritis and weals and rashes on the skin on legs and buttocks by capillary bleeding into the skin.
• Hepatoblastoma: A primary malignant liver tumor which is rare in infants and children.
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (fibrolamellar variant): A rare form of liver cancer. The prognosis for this variant of hepatocellular cancer is better than for hepatocellular cancer.
• Hepatoma: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver.
• Hepatorenal tyrosinemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of particular enzymes which prevents the breakdown of tyrosine which then builds up in the liver. Type 1 involves a deficiency of the enzyme fumaril acetoacetate hydrolase.
• Herbal Agent adverse reaction - Senna: Senna can be used to treat constipation or to prepare the colon for a rectal examination. The herbal agent can cause an adverse reaction in some people.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Ajuga Nipponensis Makino: Ajuga Nipponensis Makino can be used as a herbal agent used to control inflammation and coughing, to support liver function and is also used as a diuretic. The herbal agent contains chemicals such as cyasterone and ajugasterone and the ingestion of excessive amounts of these can result in symptoms. The main symptoms are gastrointestinal and urinary-related.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Germanium: Germanium is used as a health food supplement mainly in Japan but it can cause various problems if too much is taken. Chronic use and the ingestion of a large amount at one time can result in overdose symptoms.
• Herbal Agent overdose - Wormwood: Wormwood can be used to treat worm infestations and as a sedative or hair tonic. The herbal agent contains chemicals which can cause various symptoms if excessive quantities are taken.
• Hereditary Polyposis Coli: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous.
• Hereditary amyloidosis: An inherited form of amyloidosis which is characterized by a build up of the protein amyloid in tissues and organs. This form of amyloidosis tends to affect mainly the nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the amyloid deposits.
• Hereditary inclusion body myopathy - joint contractures - ophthalmoplegia: A very rare, dominantly inherited genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting, joint contractures at birth and ophthalmoplegia. Muscle function problems usually don't start until the 4th or 5th decade of life.
• Hereditary methemoglobinemia, recessive, type II: A rare inherited blood disorder where the hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying part of red blood cells) can't bind with oxygen which impairs the oxygen supply to parts of the body, especially during exertion when more oxygen is needed by the body. The type II form of Gibson syndrome is more severe than type I and is characterized by cyanosis as well as neurological problems, mental deficiency and various other anomalies. Type I has enzyme deficiency (cytochrome B5 reductase) only in the red blood cells whereas in Type II the enzyme deficiency occurs in other body cells as well as red blood cells.
• Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer: A rare disorder characterized by the inherited predisposition to develop colorectal cancer as well as cancers in other locations, particularly near the bowel. Even though sufferers face an increased risk of various cancers it does not mean that they will actually develop the cancer.
• Hereditary pancreatitis: A rare inherited condition involving recurring bouts of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) often leading to chronic pancreatitis due to scarring of the pancreas.
• Hereditary peripheral nervous disorder: A group of inherited disorders affecting the peripheral nerves (nerves other than the brain and spinal cord). The motor, sensory and/or autonomic nerves may be affected. Examples of such conditions includes Dejerine-Sottas disease and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
• Hereditary primary Fanconi disease: A rare inherited disorder characterized by defective reabsorption of various substances such as phosphate, potassium, amino acids and glucose which manifests as a wide range of abnormalities and problems.
• Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis: A rare inherited condition where abnormal red blood cells are very sensitive to heat resulting in their destruction and hence, hemolytic anemia.
• Hereditary spherocytic hemolytic anemia: An inherited blood disorder where a metabolic defect causes defects in the red blood cells membranes which leads to their characteristic spherical shape (normal cells are doughnut shaped) and premature destruction.
• Heroin dependence: The physical and psychological dependence to the recreational drug heroin
• Herpes simplex encephalitis: A form of encephalitis caused by the herpes simplex virus and characterized by fever, headache and neurological symptoms.
• Hidradenitis suppurativa: A bacterial skin infection that occurs when sweat glands become blocked. Inflamed, pus producing nodules develop and eventually cause scarring. Mainly affects sweat glands in the armpits, groin, breasts and anal areas.
• Hip cancer: The presence of tumour growth in the bone of the hip, whether due to primary malignancies e.g. leukaemic or myeloma infiltration of the bone marrow, or due to secondary metastases from another site e.g. lung or breast; cancer affecting bone of hip likely to affect other bones e.g. vertebra, ribs
• Hirschsprung's disease: A rare condition where abnormalities in the bowel muscles prevent it from contracting normally and pushing the fecal matter through which results in obstruction and dilation of the bowel.
• Hobo spider poisoning: The Hobo spider is a type of funnel web spider which can deliver a painful bite. Their bite can cause localized tissue necrosis which can take a long time to heal. Systemic symptoms may occur in severe cases but this is rare.
• Hodgkin disease, X-linked pseudoautosomal: An inherited form of Hodgkin disease which is a common cancer of the lymph node.
• Hodgkin lymphoma, during pregnancy: A cancer of the lymph system that occurs during pregnancy. The dilemma is that treatment can't be initiated until the baby is delivered or terminated. If the pregnancy is in the early stages, termination is recommended. If the pregnancy is in the later stages when the lymphoma occurs, the baby is usually delivered as early as safely possible in order to commence cancer treatment as soon as possible. The more prompt the treatment, the better the prognosis.
• Hodgkin's Disease: A form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system.
• Hodgkin's disease, adult: A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system in adults. The lymphatic system forms part of the body's immune system. This type of cancer can also occur in children.
• Hodgkin's disease, childhood: A type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system in children. The lymphatic system forms part of the body's immune system. This type of cancer can also occur in children.
• Holoprosencephaly, recurrent infections, and monocytosis: A rare syndrome characterized by recurring infections and a brain anomaly. Death usually occurs during the first years of life due to sepsis.
• Holzgreve-Wagner-Rehder syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by extra fingers, cleft palate, heart abnormalities, growth retardation and various other anomalies.
• Homologous wasting disease: A term used to describe the disease state resulting from a graft versus host reaction. Graft versus host reaction occurs when the immune system of a transplant patient attacks the transplanted tissue but in homologous wasting disease the immune cells in the transplanted tissue actually attacks the host tissues. The condition occurs most often after a bone marrow transplant.
• Hooft disease: A rare disorder characterized by mental and physical retardation, red rash and low blood lipid level.
• Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by retarded growth, a small head, anemia, immunodeficiency and an underdeveloped brain (cerebellum).
• Human T-lymphotropic virus type 3: A former name used for HIV which is an infectious viral disease. The infection usually has an initial symptom-free period which is followed by various stages of increasing severity.
• Human adjuvant disease: This is a connective tissue disease that affects some people after the injection of synthetic material for cosmetic surgery
• Humidifier lung: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with pathogens such as amoeba and certain bacteria can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Acanthamoeba spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Acanthamoeba spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Bacillus spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Bacillus spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Naegleria gruberi: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Naegleria gruberi) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Humidifier lung - Penicillum spp.: Inhalation of humidifier vapors contaminated with a pathogen called (Penicillum spp.) can cause various lung symptoms in occupational settings. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the pathogens. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Hutterite cerebroosteonephrodysplasia syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by short stature and a severe degenerative brain disorder.
• Hyalinosis, infantile systemic: A rare genetic disorder involving abnormal deposits of hyaline throughout various body tissues. Manifestations include progressive joint contractures, skin abnormalities and pain.
• Hymenolepsis diminuta infection: A tapeworm infection caused by Hymenolepsis diminuta that is relatively common in rodents but can rarely cause infection in humans. Insects such as fleas and beetles are intermediate hosts and transmission to humans can result from accidentally swallowing infected arthropods. Symptoms tend to only occur in children or in patients with a relatively heavy infestation.
• Hymenolepsis nana infection: A tapeworm infection caused by Hymenolepsis nana that is relatively common in house mice but can cause infection in humans. Insects such as fleas and beetles are intermediate hosts and transmission to humans can result from accidentally swallowing infected arthropods. Transmission can also occur through ingestion of infected fecal matter. Symptoms tend to only occur in children or in patients with a relatively heavy infestation.
• Hyperadrenalism: Excessive levels of adrenal hormones in the body. Symptoms depend on which hormone is involved and the degree of involvement. Adrenal hormones are aldosterone, corticosteroids, androgenic steroids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
• Hypercalcemia: Raised blood calcium levels
• Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 2: A rare inborn urea cycle disorder characterized by an enzyme defect in the amino acid transporter gene SLC7A7 (positive amino acid transporter).
• Hyperemesis Gravidarum: An extreme form of morning sickness.
• Hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare condition where too many eosinophils are produced over an extended period of time for no apparent reason. The eosinophils can infiltrate various organs and tissues and cause dysfunction or damage
• Hyperglycerolemia, infantile form: A genetic condition where an enzyme deficiency (glycerol kinase) results in an accumulation of glycerol in the body as well as it's excretion through the urine. The infantile form of the condition involves a deficiency of complex glycerol kinase and is associated with a variety of physical and developmental abnormalities.
• Hyperglycinemia: Increased blood levels of glycine. There are two types of hyperglycinemia (ketotic and nonketotic) with different symptoms.
• Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E: A rare inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by frequent pus-producing infections. The body's ability to fight infection is affected by a lack of normal functioning neutrophils.
• Hypermethioninemia due to S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency: A rare disorder involving an enzyme deficiency which results in increased methionine levels in the blood. The condition manifests as psychomotor delay and severe muscle disease.
• Hyperreninemic Hypoaldosteronism, Familial 2: A very rare genetic disorder where deficiency of a particularly chemical results in a deficiency of aldosterone. The condition can be severe enough to cause infant death unless the patient is diagnosed and treated.
• Hyperthyroidism: The excessive activity of the thyroid gland
• Hypertrophic neuropathy of Dejerine-Sottas: An inherited neurological disease characterized by the gradual degeneration of nerves which starts in the hands and feet and results in numbness, muscle weakness and loss of function. The severity of the condition is variable.
• Hypoadrenalism: Reduced adrenal gland activity.
• Hypoadrenocorticism - hypoparathyroidism - moniliasis: An autoimmune disorder where hormone production by various glands is reduced. The main features of the disorder are Addison disease and/or hypoparathyroidism and/or chronic candidiasis.
• Hypoaldosteronism: Reduced aldosterone levels. One of the functions of aldosterone is to regulate salt levels in the body.
• Hypoaldosteronism, familial: A very rare genetic disorder where deficiency of a particularly chemical (aldosterone synthase) results in a deficiency of aldosterone. The condition can be severe enough to cause infant death unless the patient is diagnosed and treated.
• Hypokalemia: Abnormally low levels of potassium in the blood.
• Hypomagnesemia primary: Low blood magnesium levels which is caused by the abnormal absorption and excretion of the mineral and can be caused by such things as kidney problems and intestinal malabsorption.
• Hypophosphatasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short limbs, dwarfism and general lack of bone calcification.
• Hypopigmented lesions in children:
• Hypopituitarism: A condition characterized by diminished hormonal section by the pituitary gland
• Hypotonia - failure to thrive - microcephaly: A rare fatal metabolic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, failure to thrive and a small head. The disease is caused by a deficiency of Leukotriene C4 synthase.
• Hypotonia, congenital nystagmus, ataxia and abnormal auditory brainstem response: A very rare syndrome characterized by reduced muscle tone and nystagmus in infants and ataxia. The electrical signals in nerves that send messages from the ears to the brain were abnormal but usually there were no hearing problems
• ICF syndrome: A very rare, recessively inherited syndrome characterized mainly by a weak immune system and facial anomalies.
• Idiopathic Parkinson's disease: Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is Parkinson's disease for which no particular cause can be determined - it is the most prevalent form of the condition. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Idiopathic diffuse interstitial fibrosis: A rare lung disease involving progressive inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of deep lung tissue which can cause shortness of breath. In idiopathic forms of the condition, there is no apparent cause.
• Idiopathic eosinophilic chronic pneumopathy: A rare disorder where eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) accumulate in the lungs and cause problems. The symptoms occur gradually over a period of weeks or even months.
• Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: A rare blood disorder where the bone marrow produces too many eosinophils over a long period of time which can cause organ or tissue damage. The disorder can affect and part of the body but most often affects the skin, heart and nervous system. The increased eosinophil production continues for a long period of time (at least 6 months) and there is no apparent cause.
• Idiopathic myopathy: A rare condition involving inflammation of the skeletal muscles which become weak and wasted.
• Idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis: A rare disorder that affects the lining of the digestive tract. The lining of the small bowel mesentery (membrane that joins small intestine to back of abdominal wall) becomes thickened and inflamed. The condition may be mild or severe enough to cause death. The idiopathic form of the condition occurs for no apparent reason.
• Ileitis: Inflammation of the lower end of the small intestine
• Imerslünd-Grasbeck Syndrome: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Immobility: An inability to mobilise as normal
• Immune defect due to absence of thymus: A congenital disorder where the absence of the thymus results in immune system problems (deficiency of T-Lymphocytes). The thymus is involved in the production of mature functioning T-cells which fight infection.
• Immune symptoms: Symptoms affecting the immune system
• Immunodeficiency, combined, severe, due to ZAP70 deficiency: A very rare, recessively inherited form of severe combined immunodeficiency.
• Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis: A disease characterized by the abnormal deposit of amyloid in various parts of the body, especially organs such as the kidneys, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract and peripheral nerves. It occurs when plasma cells in the bone marrow produce too much of a protein portion of an antibody called the light chain. The exact symptoms are determined by the extent of the organ involvement.
• Immunoproliferative diseases: Diseases characterised by proliferation of the lymphoid cells
• Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder: A group of inherited disorders where the body is not able to metabolize amino acids consumed in the diet. Amino acids are a part of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and are metabolized in order to provide energy or to make other needed compounds. There are many steps involved in metabolism and the severity can be greatly variable depending on the exact nature of the disorder.
• Inborn urea cycle disorder: A genetic disorder involving a deficiency of one of the enzymes needed in the urea cycle. The urea cycle is the process of removing ammonia from blood stream by converting it to urea and excreting it via urine. A build-up of ammonia in the blood is toxic to the body and can cause serious brain damage. The progressively severe symptoms usually become obvious within the first few weeks of birth. Nevertheless, mild or partial enzyme deficiencies may cause little or no symptoms or symptoms that don't start until later in life.
• Inclusion Body Myositis: Progressive inflammatory muscle disease causing muscle weakness.
• Inclusion body myopathy 3, autosomal dominant: A very rare, dominantly inherited genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting, joint contractures at birth and ophthalmoplegia. Muscle function problems usually don't start until the 4th or 5th decade of life.
• Inclusion body myopathy, 2 autosomal recessive: A very rare, recessively inherited genetic disorder involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting in the arms and legs. The distinctive feature of this particular disorder is the fact that that the thigh muscles are usually spared.
• Incontinentia Pigmenti: A rare genetic skin pigmentation disorder characterized by eye, teeth, bone, nail and hair malformations as well as central nervous abnormalities and mental deficiency.
• Infantile Refsum Disease: Genetic disease affecting nerve and muscle control.
• Infantile dysphagia: Swallowing problems in infants.
• Infantile hypophosphatasia: An inherited bone disorder due to an inborn error of metabolism characterized by a deficiency of alkaline phosphate. The condition becomes noticeably during infancy and involves a period of normal development (about 6 months) followed by deterioration due to bone demineralization.
• Infantile multisystem inflammatory disease: A rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritic changes, eye problems and chronic meningitis.
• Infantile sialic acid storage disorder: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of sialic acid in the tissues and excretion of sialic acid in the urine. The disorder results in death within the first few years of life - usually in infancy.
• Infection: Infections as a symptom.
• Infectious diarrhea: Infectious digestive infections causing diarrhea.
• Inflammatory bowel disease: Any type of digestive condition caused by bowel inflammation.
• Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors: A rare tumor that tends to occur mainly in the soft tissue and internal body organs. The more common specific locations are soft tissue, mediastinum, pancreas, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, mouth, skin, breast, nerve, bone and central nervous system. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the location and size of the tumor.
• Inhalant abuse: Inhalant abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Inhalants include gasoline, adhesives, solvents, and aerosols. These inhalants can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Inhalant addiction: Inhalant addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse inhalants (e.g. inhaling them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Inhalants are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Inhalants includes glues, shoe polish, household cleaners, room deodorizers and nail polish removers.
• Insect parasite conditions: Any condition that is a parasite and is contracted via the bite of insects
• Intercostal neuralgia: Nerve pain affecting the ribs
• Intermediate cystinosis: Cystinosis is a condition where excess amino acid cystine builds up to harmful levels in the body. The intermediate form of cystinosis starts later than the nephropathic form but the symptoms are the same.
• Intestinal Conditions: Conditions that affect the intestines
• Intestinal capillariasis: Infection with a type of roundworm (Capillaria phillipinensis) found in the Phillipines and Thailand. Infection can occur by eating raw contaminated freshwater fish.
• Intestinal pseudo-obstruction: A digestive disorder where the intestines are unable to contract normally and push food through the digestive system. This results in symptoms similar to an obstruction and hence the name pseudo-obstruction. The walls of the affected gastrointestinal tract becomes thin and the muscles that control its motion start to degenerate.
• Intestinal pseudoobstruction chronic idiopathic: A digestive disorder where the intestines are unable to contract normally and push food through the digestive system. This results in symptoms similar to an obstruction and hence the name pseudoobstruction. The condition has no obvious cause.
• Intractable diarrhea with enterocytes assembly abnormalities, congenital, familial: An inherited disorder characterized by severe, chronic diarrhea in infants due to defects in the intestinal absorptive cells called enterocytes.
• Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A slow growing malignant cancer that occurs in the bile ducts in the liver.
• Irritable bowel syndrome: A chronic non inflammatory disease with a psychophysiologic basis
• Isobutyric aciduria: An extremely rare metabolic disorder where the body is unable to metabolize certain proteins properly. More specifically, an insufficient level of the enzyme (isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to metabolize the amino acid valine. The onset and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency: An extremely rare genetic condition where the body is unable to metabolize certain proteins properly. More specifically, an insufficient level of the enzyme (isobutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) needed to metabolize the amino acid valine.
• Isopsoriasis: An infectious disease caused by a protozoa called Isospora belli and is more common in tropical and subtropical areas with poor sanitation. The infection can be life-threatening in immunocompromised patients.
• Isosporiasis: Infection with a type of protozoan parasite (Isoporo belli). Infections tend to occur in tropical countries and AIDS patients are the most susceptible. Healthy individuals tend to recover within weeks whereas the disease persists for months or years in immunocompromised patients and may ultimately result in death. Incubation period is about one week.
• Isosporosiasis: A parasitic disease caused by a protozoa called Isospora belli. Infection occurs through eating contaminated food and tends to occur in tropical areas. Immunocompromised patients tend to be more susceptible to the infection and the symptoms are more severe.
• Itraconazole toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Ivemark Syndrome: A rare progressive disorder characterized by absence or abnormal development of the spleen and malformations of the heart vessels.
• Jequier-Kozlowski-skeletal dysplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by various skeletal abnormalities and facial anomalies.
• Jin Bu Huan-induced lead poisoning: Jin Bu Huan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Jirásek-Zuelzer-Wilson syndrome: A rare abnormality that can occur in newborn infants and involves a complete lack of nerve tissue in the entire colon. The colon is unable to move digesting material through it and leads to a blockage of the digestive system.
• Juberg-Marsidi syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, delayed developmental milestones, muscle problems and growth retardation. The range and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Juvenile Paget disease: A rare genetic bone disorder involving abnormal loss of bone mineralization and remineralization, broadened bone shafts and high levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood. Some juvenile cases are relatively mild.
• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic arthritis affecting children and teens
• Juvenile dermatomyositis: A very rare autoimmune disorder where the body's own immune system attacks blood vessels and causes them to become inflamed. The condition is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and a characteristic pinkish-purple rash.
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A group of chronic inflammatory joint disorders that affects children. The condition generally involves periods of time where the condition is active followed by periods of abatement of symptoms. In some cases, the condition can be systemic and can cause symptoms such as fever and rash with organ involvement. There are three main types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis - oligoarticular, polyarticular and systemic (Still's disease).
• Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: A rare form of malignant bone marrow cancer that occurs in children and involves the proliferation of immature precursors of certain blood cells - myelocytes and monocytes. The proliferation is slower than in acute forms of the disease.
• Juvenile nephronophthisis: A rare inherited kidney disorder characterized by formation of cysts inside the kidney, kidney fibrosis and tubular atrophy which leads to progressive kidney failure.
• Juvenile polyposis of infancy: A genetic inherited risk of developing gastrointestinal tumors. The condition is characterized by gastrointestinal polyps which have a high risk of eventually becoming malignant. The polyps can cause gastrointestinal symptoms even if they aren't malignant.
• Juvenile polyposis syndrome, infantile form: A genetic inherited risk of developing gastrointestinal tumors. The condition is characterized by gastrointestinal polyps which have a high risk of eventually becoming malignant. The polyps can cause gastrointestinal symptoms even if they aren't malignant.
• Kabuki syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features.
• Kandu-induced lead poisoning: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian and Indian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Kaplowitz-Bodurtha syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by reduced pituitary hormone production and small eyes.
• Keratosis palmoplantaris - adenocarcinoma of the colon: A rare disorder characterized by cancer of the secretory lining of the colon as well as thickening of the skin on the palms and soles. The colon cancer tends to grow slowly.
• Kidney symptoms: Symptoms affecting one or both kidneys.
• Klinefelter syndrome: A genetic condition where males have at least one extra X chromosome or extra copies of both the X and Y chromosomes in each cell. Normally male cells contain one X and one Y chromosome in each cell. The condition is not inherited but is a result of problems during cell division. Klinefelter syndrome variants is a more severe form of the condition as it involves more than one extra X or X and Y chromosome in each cell.
• Kohl-induced lead poisoning: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by various ethnic groups (e.g. Africans, Asians, Indians and Pakistanis) to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Kowarski syndrome: A condition resulting from the presence of ineffective growth hormone.
• Krabbé Disease: Brain myelin disorder with various symptoms.
• Kushta-induced lead poisoning: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian and Pakistani people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Kuskokwim disease: A rare syndrome where abnormal muscle attachment causes abnormalities such as muscle wasting or excessive growth and contractures.
• Kwashiorkor: A malnutrition state that is produced by severe protein deficiency
• Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome: A condition where a patient with a carcinoma suffers from progressive muscular weakness.
• Landouzy-Dejerine muscular dystrophy: A rare inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized mainly by progressive weakness and wasting of facial and shoulder and upper arm muscles. A rare form of the condition is noticeable at infancy and progresses rapidly.
• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A condition which is characterized by proliferation of Langerhans cells
• Large granular lymphocyte leukemia: A form of leukemia characterized by an increased number of circulating granular lymphocytes.
• Laryngeal carcinoma: Cancer of the laryngeal area. Smoking and alcohol increase the risk of this cancer.
• Lassa fever: Infectious rat-borne West African disease.
• Late-onset Alzheimer's: Late-onset Alzheimer's is a form of Alzheimer's disease that doesn't appear to be linked to any genetic defects or familial pattern. It is by far the most common form of Alzheimer's - occurs in up to 90% of Alzheimer sufferers. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Laxative abuse syndrome: Chronic overuse of laxatives resulting in various gastrointestinal symptoms. The condition is considered a variant of Munchausen syndrome.
• Lead poisoning - African Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by African people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - African Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by African people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Aisan Folk Remedies - Chuifong tokuwan: Chuifong tokuwan is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to arthritis and other pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Bali goli: Bali goli (flat black bean) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Deshi Dewa: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Asian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Ghasard: Ghasard is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Asian and Indian people as a tonic (usually for indigestion). This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Kandu: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Asian people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Pay-loo-ah: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by Vietnamese people to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Asian Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Asian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Ba Bow Sen: Ba Bow Sen is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat childhood hyperactivity and to alleviate nightmares. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Cordyceps: Cordyceps is a folk remedy by Chinese people to treat high blood pressure, bleeding problems and diabetes. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Hai Ge Fen: Hai Ge Fen is clamshell powder used mainly by Chinese people to make traditional Chinese herbal medicines. This product has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Jin Bu Huan: Jin Bu Huan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat pain. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Po Ying Tan: Po Ying Tan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat minor childhood complaints. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Chinese Folk Remedies - Rueda: Rueda is a lead-containing folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat infant colic or to calm young children. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Folk Remedies: A number of folk remedies have the potential to cause lead poisoning due to their relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. The high content of lead in some folk remedies can cause symptoms of lead poisoning which can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Alarcon: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Azarcon: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Coral: Coral is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Greta: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Liga: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Luiga: Luiga is a folk remedy used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Hispanic Folk Remedies - Maria Luisa: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Hispanic people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Deshi Dewa: Deshi Dewa is a folk remedy by Indian people as a fertility medicine. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kandu: Kandu (red powder) is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian people to treat intestinal problems. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Indian people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Kushta: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by the Indian people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Indian Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Indian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Iranian Folk Remedies - Bint Al Zahab: Bint Al Zahab is a folk remedy used mainly by Iranian people to treat infant colic and to facilitate the passage of meconium in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Kuwait Folk Remedies - Bokhoor: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Kuwait people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Loas Folk Remedies - Pay-loo-ah: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by the Hmong people from Loas to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Alarcon: Alarcon is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Albayaidle: Albayaidle is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Albayalde: Albayalde is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems such as vomiting and colic. It is also used to treat apathy and lethargy. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Azarcon: Azarcon is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Coral: Coral is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Greta: Greta is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Liga: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Luiga: Luiga is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Mexican Folk Remedies - Maria Luisa: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle East Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Middle East people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Alkohl: Alkohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Anzroot: Anzroot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat gastroenteritis. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Cebagin: Cebagin is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Henna: Henna is used mainly by Middle Eastern people as a hair and skin dye. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Middle Eastern Folk Remedies - Saoot: Saoot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat digestive eye injuries, teething and to manage the umbilical stump in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Kohl: Kohl is a folk remedy used mainly by Pakistani people to treat skin infections and to manage the umbilical stump. It is also used as a cosmetic in Arab communities. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Kushta: Kushta is a folk remedy used mainly by the Pakistani people as an aphrodisiac and to treat diseases involving organs such as the liver, brain, heart and stomach. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistan Folk Remedies - Surma: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Pakistani people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Pakistani eye cosmetics: Exposure to lead can result from the use of Pakistani eye cosmetics contaminated with lead. The most frequent cases have been noted in children as they are more sensitive to the effects of lead. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Al Murrah: Al Murrah is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat problems such as stomach pain, diarrhea and colic. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Bint Dahab: Bint Dahab is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat such things as constipation, diarrhea, colic and various other infant conditions. It is also used by Saudi Arabian jewelers. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Bokhoor: Bokhoor is a traditional used mainly by Saudi Arabian people to calm infants - it involves burning wood and lead sulphide and inhaling the fumes that are produced. This practice has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to the relatively high exposure to lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Farouk: Farouk is a folk remedy by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Arabian Folk Remedies - Santrinj: Santrinj is a paint primer but is also used as a folk remedy mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething and gum boils. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Saudi Folk Remedies - Traditional Saudi medicine: Traditional Saudi medicine is a folk remedy used mainly by Saudi people to treat teething and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lead poisoning - Tamarind candy: Eating tamarind candy jam products made in Mexico can lead to exposure to lead as the product is often packaged in lead-containing containers which can leach lead. The most frequent cases have been noted in children as they are more sensitive to the effects of lead. Elevated levels of lead in the blood can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Lead poisoning - Tibetan Folk Remedies - Tibetan herbal vitamin: Tibetan herbal vitamin is a folk remedy used mainly by Tibetan people to improve brain functioning. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Legg-Calve-Perthes disease: Femur/hip bone disease mostly in children
• Leigh syndrome: A rare, progressive, neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of the brain and impaired function of various body organs. The condition is caused by a systemic deficiency of the cytochrome C oxidase enzyme.
• Leigh syndrome, French Canadian type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Leigh syndrome, Saguenay-Lac-St. Jean type: A rare, progressive, inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme cytochrome C oxidase affects skeletal muscles, connective tissue, brain and liver.
• Leiner Disease: A skin and immune system disorder occurring in newborns and characterized by a patch of thick red skin that usually starts on the buttocks and spreads to other parts of the body. Recurring infections, failure to thrive, wasting and nervous system deficiency are also symptomatic of the condition.
• Leiomyomatosis of esophagus, cataract and hematuria: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by cataracts, benign esophageal tumors and kidney cell cancer.
• Leishmaniasis: A rare infectious disease caused by any of a number of parasitic Leishmania species. Infection can cause any of three different manifestations: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis.
• Lenz Majewski hyperostotic dwarfism: A rare genetic disorder characterized by dense, thick bones and symphalangism.
• Letterer-Siwe disease: A rare usually fatal condition characterized by skin lesions, bleeding tendency, enlarged liver and spleen, enlarged lymph nodes and progressive anemia. The condition is caused by excessive proliferation of histiocytes.
• Leucinosis: A term used to describe high levels of leucine in the body. It is associated with a metabolic disorder called maple syrup urine disease where there is a deficiency of an enzyme needed to break down leucine so it builds up within the body.
• Leukemia: Cancer of the blood cells, usually white blood cells.
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells: L1 is characterized by small, uniform cancer cells with a round nucleus and very little cytoplasm. L1 has a better prognosis than L2. L1 is the main form in children (about 85%) but is less common in adults (about 30%).
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells: L2 is characterized by larger cells, an irregular-shaped nucleus, more cytoplasm and significant variation between cells. L2 has a poorer prognosis than L1. L2 is the main form in adults (about 65%) but is less common in children (about 15%).
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L3: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. There are three main subtypes (L1, L2 and L3) which are differentiated by the appearance of the cancerous cells. L3 is quite uncommon but is very similar to Burkitt's lymphoma - in fact, they may be considered the same disease with different manifestations.
• Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute: A cancer of the blood-forming tissues of the bone marrow involving the proliferation of a type of infection-fighting white blood cell called a monocyte. Acute leukemia involves a more rapid proliferation of cancer cells compared to chronic forms of leukemia.
• Leukemia, Myeloid: A form of blood cancer that causes a proliferation of the precursors or immature red blood cells, platelets and certain white blood cells such as granulocytes and monocytes.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Aggressive-Phase: Myeloid leukemia is a form of cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body. The aggressive phase of myeloid leukemia follows the chronic form and is a sign that the condition is progressing more rapidly to a blast crisis which is the final stage of leukemia.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic: A slow-growing cancer where the bone marrow makes too many myeloid cells (granulocytes and their precursors) in the bone marrow which accumulates in the blood and eventually invades various parts of the body.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Negative: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. The Philadelphia negative form of the condition is not associated with a genetic mutation. It is distinguished from the positive form by the clinical course which is initially the same but progresses to eventual bone marrow failure without a distinct increase in blast cells. Other differences include poor response to chemotherapy, lower white blood cell counts, greater monocytosis, less basophilia, lower bone marrow myeloid to erythroid ratio and increased likelihood of developing thrombocytopenia. Philadelphia negative patients also tend to be older and median survival rates tend to be poorer.
• Leukemia, Myeloid, Philadelphia-Positive: Acute lymphocytic leukemia is a relatively aggressive cancer of the white blood cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets. The Philadelphia form of myeloid leukemia carries the poorest prognosis of all the different types. It involves an acquired genetic mutation which results in the production tyrosine kinase which causes too many white blood cells to be produced which results in a shortage of other blood cell types. Treatment is aimed at inhibiting the production of tyrosine kinase.
• Leukemia, T-Cell: A form of blood cancer characterized by the proliferation of cancerous T-cells which make up part of the body's immune system. The exact symptoms and progression vary depending on the subtype involved.
• Leukemia, T-Cell, Acute: A form of blood cancer characterized by the proliferation of cancerous T-cells which make up part of the body's immune system. The exact symptoms and progression vary depending on the subtype involved. The acute form involves a rapid proliferation of cancerous T-cells and hence a more rapid disease progression and increased severity of symptoms.
• Leukemia, T-cell, chronic: Cancer of blood cells called T-cells which form part of the immune system.
• Leukemia, mast-cell: A very aggressive form of leukemia - a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia. The cancer can in rare cases develop from chronic myeloid leukemia or systemic mastocytosis but generally develops on its own.
• Leukoencephalopathy, arthritis, colitis, and hypogammaglobulinema: A rare condition characterized by the association of arthritis, colitis, low blood gammaglobulin levels and brain anomalies.
• Levine-Critchley syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder mainly involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting, abnormal limb movement, progressive cognitive loss and red blood cell abnormalities.
• Liga-induced lead poisoning: Liga is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lightwood-Albright syndrome: A rare syndrome caused by kidney dysfunction.
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C: An autosomal dominant form of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy where muscle weakness and atrophy is caused by mutations of the Caveolin-3 gene.
• Limbic encephalitis - neuromyotonia - hyperhidrosis - polyneuropathy: A rare autoimmune disorder involving excessive sweating, dysfunction central nervous system and neuromyotonia. The condition occurs when the body develops antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels.
• Lipidosis with triglyceride storage disease: A very disorder involving abnormal storage of fat (triglycerides in parts of the body). The condition causes blood abnormalities as well as skin, eye and hearing problems.
• Lipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency: A very rare enzyme deficiency (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) which can cause lactic acidosis. The age of onset and symptoms are variable.
• Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia where the early phase of adrenal cortisol production is defective which causes mineralocorticoid deficiency. Male pseudohermaphroditism is the main characteristic of this disorder.
• Lipoprotein disorder: Abnormal lipoprotein use or processing by the body. The main repercussions of the disorder tends to be fatty deposits called xanthomas and premature heart disease. Examples of specific lipoprotein disorders includes type II hyperlipoproteinemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and high lipoprotein a levels. Lipoprotein disorders can also result in harmfully low levels of lipoproteins which can cause symptoms such as failure to thrive and neuromuscular degeneration. Abetalipoproteinemia is an example of a lipoprotein disorder involving low blood lipoprotein levels.
• Lipoproteine lipase deficiency: A rare inherited inborn error of metabolism involving the absence of the enzyme called lipoprotein lipase which results in increased blood triglyeride and chylomicron levels.
• Liposarcoma: A rare malignant tumor of fat cells. Usually affects thighs in women over 30 years of age.
• Lissencephaly: A very rare disorder characterized by abnormal brain formation so that the brain surface appears smooth rather than convoluted.
• Lissencephaly syndrome type 1: A very rare form of the brain formation disorder called lissencephaly where the brain surface is abnormally smooth rather than convoluted resulting in mental retardation. Physical malformations are also present.
• Lissencephaly, X-linked, 1: Abnormal brain development resulting in an abnormally smooth brain surface which results in neurological symptoms such as mental retardation. This particular type is inherited in a X-linked manner is caused by a defect in the doublecortin gene on chromosome Xq22.3-q23.
• Lissencephaly, type 1, X-linked: Abnormal brain development characterized by an abnormally smooth brain. This form of the disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner (defect on the DCX gene) and the corpus callosum fails to develop. Males tend to be affected more severely than females.
• Listeriosis meningoencephalitis: Listeria monocytogenes infection of the brain and meninges that can occur in immunocompromised people or newborns.
• Lithium toxicity: The toxic reaction of the body to the substance, possibly via allergic reaction or overdose.
• Littoral cell angioma of the spleen: A usually benign type of tumor that develops in the spleen. The name arises from the fact that the tumor develops from the littoral cells which line the blood vessels in the spleen.
• Liver abscess: Pus in the liver
• Liver cancer: The occurrence of malignancy that occurs in the liver
• Liver symptoms: Symptoms affecting the liver
• Loeffler's endocarditis: Heart muscle disease caused by ninfiltration of the heart by eosinophils (type of white blood cell). It occurs as a complication long-term, high eosinophilic levels in the peripheral blood.
• Low sodium: Low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia)
• Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome: A rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized primarily by eye and bone abnormalities, mental retardation and kidney problems.
• Luiga-induced lead poisoning: Coral is a folk remedy used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Lung infection: Any infection that occurs in the lung
• Lung symptoms: Symptoms affecting one or both lungs.
• Lupine poisoning: A flowering herb which produced long clusters of flowers in various colors. It also produces flat, seed-filled pods. The seeds contain toxic chemicals (alkaloids such as lupinine, anagyrine, sparteine) which can cause poisoning if eaten in large quantities. Different species have different amounts of the toxin and some species are not toxic at all.
• Lupus: Autoimmune disease with numerous effects on various organs and linings.
• Lutz-Richner-Landolt syndrome: A rare disorder involving kidney and biliary abnormalities.
• Lymph node neoplasm: Lymph node tumor.
• Lymphadenopathy, angioimmunoblastic with dysproteinemia: A progressive immune system disorder that usually affects people over the age of 50 and is characterized by chills, sweating, weight loss, skin rashes.
• Lymphangiectasies and lymphedema Hennekam type: A rare disorder characterized by buildup of lymphatic fluid in the limbs, face and genitals, seizures and mental and growth retardation.
• Lymphatic Obstruction: A blockage of the lymph vessels that drain fluid from body tissues and facilitate immune system cell movement through the body. Lymphatic obstruction can be caused by such things as tumors, surgery, injury and infection. Obstruction can be primary (as in the case of inherited conditions such as lymphatic hypoplasia) or secondary (as in the case of infection).
• Lymphatic neoplasm: A tumor that develops in lymphatic tissue. The tumor may be cancerous or benign.
• Lymphoblastic lymphoma: A cancer of the lymph system which usually involves immature T-lymphocytes and sometimes B-lymphocytes. The cancer usually affects the mediastinum (between the lungs), bone marrow, brain and spinal cord.
• Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: A relatively rare form of lung disease characterized by the buildup of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the air spaces or alveoli of the lungs. The condition can affect children or adults and is frequently associated with conditions such as HIV and autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Symptoms may develop gradually over a period of months or even years in some cases.
• Lymphoma: Any neoplastic disorder that occurs in lymphoid tissue
• Lymphoma, AIDS-related: HIV patients face an increased risk of various infections and cancers. AIDS-related lymphoma is lymphoma that occurs in AIDS patients. Lymphomas are white blood cell cancers (white blood cells form part of the body's immune system).
• Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Follicular: A cancer of cells in the immune system. The cancer is comprised of large cells and tends to be aggressive and metastasizes readily.
• Lymphoma, Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Malignancies that occur in the lymphoid tissue found in mucosal linings (MALT) e.g. gastrointestinal tract, skin and lungs. Symptoms may vary considerably depending on which organs are involved but usually the stomach is involved. A significant portion of patients suffering from MALTomas also have autoimmune diseases.
• Lymphoma, large-cell: A cancer of cells in the immune system. The cancer is comprised of large cells and tends to be aggressive and metastasizes readily.
• Lymphoma, large-cell, immunoblastic: A cancer of the immune system characterized by the presence of immunoblasts. Immunoblasts are T cells which have been transformed due to stimulation by an antigen.
• Lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, diffuse: A slow-growing cancer of the lymph system that involves small cells. The diffuse form has no distinguishable pattern of progression through the lymph node.
• Lymphoma, small cleaved-cell, follicular: A slow-growing cancer of the lymph system consisting of small cells that can circulate readily in the blood. The cancer occurs in a follicular pattern. Despite it's ability to spread, the cancer tends to be less aggressive than the large cell variety.
• Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A rare, progressive blood vessel disease where nodular lesions destroy blood vessels - lungs, skin and nervous system are mainly involved.
• Lynch syndrome I: A rare disorder characterized by the inherited predisposition to develop colorectal cancer which usually occurs at a younger age than non-inherited forms. Type I differs from Type II in that there is an increased risk of colorectal cancers but not necessarily other cancers.
• Lynch syndrome II: A rare disorder characterized by the inherited predisposition to develop colorectal cancer in the colorectal which usually occurs at a younger age than non-inherited forms. Type II differs from type I in that there is an increased risk of cancers in various parts of the body as well as colorectal cancer.
• MADSAM: A rare sensory and motore nerve disease which causes progressive numbness and weakness that usually starts in the hands. The condition may progress for a while and then remit.
• MGA 4: MGA (methylglutaconic aciduria) is a rare genetic disorder where the body's cells are unable to make sufficient energy resulting in an accumulation in the body of 3-methylglutaconic acid. Type 4 is characterized by symptoms which overlap type 1 and 3.
• MHC class 1 or class 2 deficiency: An inherited immunodeficiency disorder involving a deficiency of class I and II major histocompatibility complexes. Serious infections can result.
• Macrocytic anemia: Macrocytic anemia is a blood disorder where the red blood cells are larger than normal but have low levels of haemoglobin which is needed to carry oxygen throughout the body. The condition usually results from a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate, digestive problems, malabsorption and certain medications which affect folic acid levels. Various rare inherited disorders may also result in macrocytic anemia e.g. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Severity and range of symptom may vary depending on the underlying condition.
• Macrocytosis: Blood condition where average red blood cell size is increased
• Majeed syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by blood abnormality and recurring bone infections.
• Malabsorption: Dysfunctional absorption
• Malabsorption due to bile acid synthesis defects, idiopathic: Impaired synthesis of bile acids which impairs digestive system functioning and results in severely inhibited absorption of fats.
• Malabsorption syndrome: is an alteration in the ability of the intestine to absorb nutrients adequately into the bloodstream
• Malaria: A parasitic disease transmitted through mosquito bites.
• Malignant Lung Cancer: Lung cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. Most lung tumors are malignant. This means that they invade and destroy the healthy tissues around them and can spread throughout the body
• Malignant Teratocarcinosarcoma: A rare type of cancer that involves connective (bone, cartilage, fat) and epithelial (skin and lining of internal organs) tissue and tends to be of a large size. It often tends to occur in the nose, pharynx and sinus areas. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor.
• Malignant mesenchymal tumor: A malignant tumor that arises from soft tissue. Symptoms are determined by the size and location of the tumor. It is a usually aggressive tumor that can occur muscle, fat, bone and blood vessels.
• Malignant mixed Mullerian tumor: A rare malignant cancer that develops in the uterus, ovary or fallopian tubes. The tumor contains epithelial and stromal cells. The cancer may be slow-growing or aggressive and may metastasize.
• Malignant peptic ulcer: Malignant ulcers are the complications of an untreated chronic gastric ulcers. A peptic ulcer is erosion in the lining of the stomach or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine.
• Malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus that is caused by a chronic malnutrition state
• Malt Worker's disease: Inhalation of malt particles contaminated with fungus in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne malt particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Malt Worker's disease - Aspergillus spp.: Inhalation of malt particles contaminated with fungus (Aspergillus spp.) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne malt particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Mantle cell lymphoma: A form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (a cancer of the B-lymphocytes) which has a very poor prognosis with the 5-year survival rate being about 25%. The lymphoma can spread to other parts of the body such as the liver, spleen or bone marrow.
• Maple syrup urine disease: An inherited metabolic disorder involving amino acid metabolism and characterized by a sweet smelling urine, similar to maple syrup.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type 1A: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 1A specifically involves a defect in the E1-alpha subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type 1B: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 1B specifically involves a defect in the E1-beta subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type II: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 2 specifically involves a defect in the E2 subunit gene.
• Maple syrup urine disease, type III: A very rare inherited metabolic disorder involving abnormal metabolism of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and resulting in severe illness which generally leads to death if not treated. Even mild form can result in mental and physical retardation if untreated. Various types of maple syrup urine disease involve different genetic defects - type 3 specifically involves a defect in the E3 subunit gene.
• Marasmus: A form of malnutrition caused by a severe deficiency of both protein and calories
• Marburg virus: Serious virus related to Ebola.
• Mareck's disease - nervous system: A viral disease that affects poultry - it is very contagious and is a herpes virus. The virus tends to affect the nerves and cause tumors in internal organs. Poultry may be unable to lay eggs or may even die. Young birds are more susceptible than older birds with death most common between the ages of 8 and 20 weeks. The virus may attack the nervous system and result in paralysis or it may attack the visceral system and cause tumors in the internal organs. Some birds may die without any obvious symptoms.
• Mareck's disease - visceral: A viral disease that affects poultry - it is very contagious and is a herpes virus. The virus tends to affect the nerves and cause tumors in internal organs. Poultry may be unable to lay eggs or may even die. Young birds are more susceptible than older birds with death most common between the ages of 8 and 20 weeks. The virus may attack the nervous system and result in paralysis or it may attack the visceral system and cause tumors in the internal organs. Some birds may die without any obvious symptoms.
• Marek disease: A viral disease that affects poultry - it is very contagious and is a herpes virus. The virus tends to affect the nerves and cause tumors in internal organs. Poultry may be unable to lay eggs or may even die. Young birds are more susceptible than older birds with death most common between the ages of 8 and 20 weeks. The virus may attack the nervous system and result in paralysis or it may attack the visceral system and cause tumors in the internal organs. Some birds may die without any obvious symptoms.
• Marek's disease: A viral disease that affects poultry - it is very contagious and is a herpes virus. The virus tends to affect the nerves and cause tumors in internal organs. Poultry may be unable to lay eggs or may even die. Young birds are more susceptible than older birds with death most common between the ages of 8 and 20 weeks. The virus may attack the nervous system and result in paralysis or it may attack the visceral system and cause tumors in the internal organs. Some birds may die without any obvious symptoms.
• Marfan syndrome: A genetic connective tissue disorder involving a defect of chromosome 15q21.1 which affects the production of the fibrillin needed to make connective tissue.
• Maria Luisa-induced lead poisoning: Maria Luisa is a lead-containing tetraoxide salt used mainly by Mexican people to treat digestive or stomach problems including indigestion and diarrhea. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome: A group of recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by incoordination due to a brain anomaly.
• Marshall-Smith Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated growth and maturation, shallow orbits and broad middle bones of fingers.
• Maternally Inherited Leigh Syndrome: A rare condition where Leigh syndrome is inherited from the mother. Leigh syndrome is characterized by degeneration of the brain and impaired function of various organs.
• Mc Leod neuroacanthocytosis syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by neuromuscular, blood and central nervous system symptoms. The disease is slowly progressive.
• Mediastinal endodermal sinus tumors: A rare yolk sac tumor that occurs in the mediastinal area (the area that separates the lungs). It is a type of cancer that originates from immature cells (germ cells) that evolve into gonadal tissue but can also be found in other parts of the body such as the chest. The tumors tend to be quite aggressive and often metastasize.
• Megaloblastic Anemia 1: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Megaloblastic anemia: A rare blood disorder where insufficient vitamin B12 absorption results in reduced production of red blood cells and increased levels of abnormal, enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts). Vitamin B12 insufficiency can result from absorption problems or lack of dietary intake of the vitamin or folic acid.
• Melioidosis: Bacterial infection from soil or water.
• Menkes Disease: Genetic disease of copper deficiency.
• Mental retardation - epileptic seizures - hypogonadism - hypogenitalism -microcephaly - obesity: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental deficiency, epilepsy, small head, small genitals and obesity. Death occurs within the first two years of life.
• Mental retardation, X-linked syndromic 12: A syndromic form of mental retardation which also involves mutism, retarded growth, seizures and frequent infections. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms. The genetic defect is located on chromosome Xp11.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, 12: A rare form of mental retardation inherited in a X-linked manner. It occurs as a result of a defect on chromosome Xp11.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Cabezas type: A rare X-linked disorder characterized by mental retardation, muscle wasting, short stature and other problems. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, X-linked, Zorick type: A rare disorder characterized by mental retardation and muscle disease. The disorder is inherited in a X-linked manner which means that only males display the full range of symptoms whereas female carriers may have mild or no symptoms.
• Mental retardation, epileptic seizures, hypogonadism and hypogenitalism, microcephaly, and obesity: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental deficiency, epilepsy, small head, small genitals and obesity. Death occurs within the first two years of life.
• Mercury poisoning - Folk Remedies: Various folk remedies and medicines contain inorganic mercury and mercury salts. They can lead to mercury poisoning and severe cases can result in death. Children tend to be more sensitive to the effects of mercury poisoning than adults. Even low levels of exposure can cause neurological symptoms in infants and young children. Fetal exposure to mercury can also result in symptoms.
• Mercury poisoning - consumption of contaminated fish: Eating fish contaminated with mercury can lead to mercury poisoning in humans. The severity and range of symptoms experienced can vary greatly depending on the level and duration of exposure. Severe poisoning can lead to death. Pregnant women who eat mercury contaminated fish may give birth to infants who suffer symptoms such as ataxia, tremors, seizures, mental retardation and cerebral palsy. An epidemic was reported where hundreds of Japanese villagers suffered mercury poisoning after eating fish contaminated by a nearby factory. Nearly half of the victims eventually died and children born during that period suffered a variety of neurological problems.
• Mesothelioma: Type of lung cancer associated with asbestos.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining) or peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibres. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - peritoneal: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the peritoneum (abdominal lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Mesothelioma, adult malignant - pleural: A rare type of malignant cancer that occurs in the pleura (chest lining). The cancer develops in people who have inhaled asbestos fibers. Symptoms tend to occur many years or even decades after the exposure.
• Metabolic disorder: occurs when abnormal chemical reactions occur in the body
• Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: An inherited biochemical deficiency involving a deficiency of the enzyme called arylsulfatase A which leads to a harmful buildup of fatty material in the body.
• Metastatic prostate cancer: Advanced prostate cancer results from any combination of lymphatic, blood, or contiguous local spread.
• Methylmalonic acidemia, Cobalamin B deficiency: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (Cobalamin B deficiency) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of glycine and methylmalonic acid which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonic acidemia, Methylmalonyl CoA mutase deficiency: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme (Methylmalonyl CoA mutase apoenzyme) deficiency impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of glycine and methylmalonic acid which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonic acidemia, cobalamin A deficiency: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (Cobalamin A deficiency) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of glycine and methylmalonic acid which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonic acidemia, methylmalonyl CoA racemase deficiency: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme (methylmalonyl CoA racemase) deficiency impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of glycine and methylmalonic acid which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonic acidemia, synthesis defect of AdoCbl and MeCbl: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of glycine and methylmalonic acid which results in harmful affects. The disorder results from a combined synthesis defect of AdoCbl and MeCbl.
• Methylmalonic acidemia, vitamin B12 responsive: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the impaired ability to make a chemical called adenosylcobalamin. Adenosylcobalamin is a derivative of vitamin B12. The defect results a biochemical abnormality which affects the body's normal biochemical functioning. The condition responds to the administration of vitamin B12.
• Methylmalonic aciduria - homocystinuria: A rare group of disorders characterized by methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria resulting from abnormal metabolism of vitamin B12 by the liver. There are various subtypes of the condition with varying ages of onset and severity of symptoms.
• Methylmalonicaciduria with homocystinuria, cobalamin F: An inherited organic acid disorder where an enzyme deficiency (cbl F) impairs the body's ability to break down certain proteins (methionine, threonine, isoleucine and valine) consumed in the diet. This results in a buildup of methylmalonic acid and homocystine which results in harmful affects.
• Methylmalonicaciduria, vitamin B12 unresponsive, mut 0: A metabolic disorder whose severity is somewhat variable - most patients die within months of birth with survivors having neurological problems. The condition involves abnormal metabolism of vitamin B12 which doesn't respond to treatment using vitamin B12 administration. This disorder is more severe than the mut (-) form
• Mevalonic aciduria: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism characterized by a defect in the enzyme mevalonate kinase.
• Microcephaly - facial clefting - preaxial polydactyly: A very rare condition characterized by the presence of an abnormally small head, facial clefts and extra digits.
• Microphthalmia, syndromic 7: A rare genetic disorder characterized by eye and skin abnormalities involving irregular red streaks of skin on the head and neck.
• Microsporidiosis: An infectious disease caused by a certain group of protozoa which form spores (microsporidia) e.g. Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, Pleistophora, Trachipleistophora, Vittaforma, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Enterocytozoan )Septata) intestinalis). The protozoa invade and live inside the hosts cells. The release spores into the gastrointestinal tract where they are excreted and can infect other animals. The infection is often asymptomatic in healthy people but can cause serious symptoms affecting various parts of the body in immunocompromised people.
• Microvillus Inclusion Disease: A rare, inherited, progressive intestinal disease where a defect in the intestinal wall results in severe diarrhea after birth.
• Miescher syndrome (2): A rare inherited disorder characterized by pigmented velvety patches of skin, excess body hair, failure to thrive, retarded growth, diabetes and facial abnormalities.
• Miescher's syndrome: A rare familial syndrome characterized by various abnormalities including failure to thrive, retarded growth, diabetes, skin lesions and facial anomalies. The condition is essentially Miescher syndrome associated with diabetes mellitus.
• Miller-Dieker syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface. The condition occurs because of deletion of genetic material from the short arm of chromosome 17 ath a particular location (17p13.3).
• Milner-Khallouf-Gibson syndrome: A rare recessively inherited genetic disorder characterized by a variety of symptoms which are typical of a condition called Fanconi's anemia.
• Minicore disease: A rare congenital muscle disorder involving muscle weakness and wasting. The term minicore comes from the small core structures that occur in the muscle tissue. There are four subgroups of the disorder: classic form (rigid spine syndrome), progressive form with hand involvement, antenatal form with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital and the ophthalmoplegic form. The rate of progression and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Minicore myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia: A rare congenital muscle disorder involving muscle weakness and wasting. The term minicore comes from the small core structures that occur in the muscle tissue. There are four subgroups of the disorder: classic form (rigid spine syndrome), progressive form with hand involvement, antenatal form with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital and the ophthalmoplegic form. The ophthalmoplegic form is distinguished by the presence of eye muscle weakness. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• Minicore myopathy, antenatal onset, with arthrogryposis: A rare congenital muscle disorder involving muscle weakness and wasting. The term minicore comes from the small core structures that occur in the muscle tissue. There are four subgroups of the disorder: classic form (rigid spine syndrome), progressive form with hand involvement, antenatal form with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital and the ophthalmoplegic form. The antenatal form with arthrogryposis is distinguished by the presence of contractures at birth due to reduced fetal movement as well as various physical anomalies. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• Minicore myopathy, moderate, with hand involvement: A rare congenital muscle disorder involving muscle weakness and wasting. The term minicore comes from the small core structures that occur in the muscle tissue. There are four subgroups of the disorder: classic form (rigid spine syndrome), progressive form with hand involvement, antenatal form with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital and the ophthalmoplegic form. The progressive form with hand involvement is less severe than the classic form with breathing problems and scoliosis usually absent or mild. It is distinguished by the presence of hyperlaxity. The severity of symptoms is variable.
• Mitochondrial Parkinson's disease: A form of Parkinson's disease that seems to be linked to mitochondrial defects - mitochondria are the energy-producing components of body cells. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Mitochondrial diseases, clinically indefinite: An inherited biochemical disorder which can affect many body systems such as the skeleton, heart, brain and nervous system.
• Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy - aminoacidopathy: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle and brain disease and an amino acid disorder.
• Mitochondrial myopathy - lactic acidosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle disease and a metabolic disorder. The severity and progression of the disease is variable with some dying early in their second decade and others living longer.
• Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome: A rare genetic disorder which affects a number of body systems and manifests results in symptoms such as droopy eyelids, progressive eye muscle weakness, gastrointestinal dysmotility, brain disease, thin body, peripheral neuropathy and muscle disease.
• Mixed connective tissue disease: A rare disorder of the connective tissue which affects a range of body tissues and organs.
• Miyoshi myopathy: A rare genetic condition characterized by slow-progressing muscle weakness and atrophy that starts in the calves and progresses to the rest of the legs and arms. Occasionally the hips and shoulders may be affected but the heart and facial muscles are spared.
• Mollusk-shell hypersensitivity - inhalation: Inhalation of sea snail shell dust in occupational settings can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to small air-borne particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Molybdenum poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to molybdenum.
• Monosomy 20p: A rare chromosomal disorder where the short arm (p) of chromosome 20 is deleted resulting in various abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms varies depending on the amount and exact location of the genetic material that is deleted.
• Morquio syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (galactosamine-?-sulfate - type A, ? galactosidase - type B) needed to break it down. The symptoms are variable with type A and B being clinically indistinguishable.
• Morquio syndrome type A: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (galactosamine-?-sulfate) needed to break it down.
• Morse-Rawnsley-Sargent syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal brain development and reduced fetal movement.
• Motor neuropathy: A rare disorder involving progressive muscle weakness. The rate of progression, severity and age of onset is variable.
• Motor neuropathy, peripheral with dysautonomia: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by slowly progressive muscle weakness and wasting and abnormal function of the bodies automatically regulated processes resulting in excess sweating and other problems.
• Mouldy shower curtain hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Inhalation of mold from mouldy shower curtains can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 2 Hunter syndrome- mild form: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (iduronidate 2-sulfatase) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 6: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (Arylsulfatase ?) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type 7 Sly syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (beta-glucuronidase) needed to break it down.
• Mucopolysaccharidosis type I Hurler syndrome: A rare inherited biochemical disorder characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) in various body tissues due to insufficient amounts of the enzyme (?-L-diuronidase) needed to break it down. There are three main sub-types of the disorder: Hurler - severe form, Scheie - mild form and Hurler/Scheie form which is intermediate.
• Mulibrey Nanism syndrome: A very rare inherited malformation characterized by very small stature (dwarfism), pericardial constriction and yellow dots in fundus of the eye.
• Multi-centric Castleman's Disease: A rare disorder characterized by a generalized overgrowth of lymph node tissue which forms a tumor-like growth. This form of Castleman's disease is progressive and can be serious.
• Multicentric osteolysis - nodulosis - arthropathy: A rare syndrome characterized by joint disease, loss of bone mineral density and nodulosis.
• Multifocal fibrosclerosis: A rare disorder characterized by the development of fibrous tissue that can occur in various parts of the body such as the retroperitoneum, mediastinum, eye area, bile ducts and thyroid gland. The severity and range of involvement is variable. There is no obvious cause for the condition.
• Multifocal motor neuropathy: Disorder of progressive muscle weakness.
• Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block: A very rare disorder involving progressive destruction of the protective sheath around nerves. Usually arms are affected first and occasionally the legs are involved. It is believed to be an immune mediated disorder.
• Multiminicore disease (MmD): A rare congenital muscle disorder involving weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles. The term minicore comes from the small core structures that occur in the muscle tissue. There are four subgroups of the disorder: classic form (rigid spine syndrome), progressive form with hand involvement, antenatal form with arthrogryposis multiplex congenital and the ophthalmoplegic form. The rate of progression and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Multiple congenital anomalies - mental retardation - growth failure and cleft lip/ palate: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, growth failure, cleft lip, cleft palate and various other abnormalities.
• Multiple endocrine abnormalities - adenylyl cyclase dysfunction: A rare syndrome characterized by an enzyme defect (adenylyl cyclase) and a number of endocrine abnormalities.
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia: A group of conditions that is characterised by the hyperplasia and hyperfunction of two or more glands of the endocrine system
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3: Rare inherited disease causing tumors in multiple glands
• Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature and limb, joint and hip abnormalities which become evident from two to 10 years.
• Multiple myeloma: A rare malignant cancer that occurs in the bone marrow. More common in skull, spine, rib cage, pelvis and legs.
• Multiple pterygium syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by webbing of various parts of the body, contractures, short stature, fusion of neck vertebrae and facial anomalies.
• Multiple system atrophy: A rare disorder where nerve degeneration causes progressive neurological problems involving the central and autonomic nervous system. The rate of progression is variable.
• Multiple system atrophy (MSA) with orthostatic hypotension: A progressive neurological disorder involving the central and autonomic nervous system.
• Munk disease: A type of kidney disease that is more prevalent in children. It involves the build up of fats in the cells of the kidney tubules. The symptoms experienced may vary with the severity of the condition.
• Muscular Dystrophy - Late Onset: Muscle weakness and wasting that occurs later in life. The severity is variable with severe cases involving wheelchair confinement and death can occur if the heart muscle becomes involved. Progression may be slow or rapid. Slow progressing cases can result in a normal life span.
• Muscular dystrophy - congenital infantile cataract - hypogonadism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle wasting, infantile cataracts and hypogonadism.
• Muscular dystrophy - white matter spongiosis: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle problems, seizures and mental retardation.
• Muscular dystrophy congenital, with integrin deficiency: A congenital muscle wasting disease resulting from genetic mutation resulting in the deficiency of a compound called integrin.
• Muscular dystrophy limb girdle type 2A, Erb type: A slow progressing, muscle wasting disease. The muscles in the upper arms are affected first. Eventually muscles in the shoulders, trunk, thigh and pelvic girdle are involved.
• Muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker type: An inherited l disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness. The disorder is caused by a genetic anomaly and results in insufficient quantities of or ineffective dystrophin which is needed for normal muscle functioning. The disorder is expressed in males but females can be carriers.
• Muscular dystrophy, congenital, infantile with cataract - hypogonadism: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle wasting, infantile cataracts and hypogonadism.
• Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle - mental retardation: A rare disorder where muscle weakness and wasting starts in the proximal muscles (upper limbs, shoulders and hips). The condition is caused by a deficiency of alpha-dystroglycan in the muscles.
• Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, autosomal dominant: A rare inherited condition characterized mainly by progressive wasting and weakness of muscles in the shoulder and pelvic girdle (around the top of the arms and legs). Heart and breathing complications may also occur in some cases.
• Muscular fibrosis, multifocal - obstructed vessels: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Mushroom Worker's lung - Micropolyspora faeni: Inhalation of mushroom particles and compost contaminated with bacteria (Micropolyspora faeni) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne mushroom particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Mushroom Worker's lung - Thermoactinomyces vulgaris: Inhalation of mushroom particles and compost contaminated with bacteria (Thermoactinomyces vulgaris) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the bacteria in the airborne mushroom particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Myasthenia, Familial Infantile, 1: Illness, stress or fatigue may result in sudden severe episodes of apnea which can be fatal.
• Myasthenia, Limb-Girdle, with Tubular Aggregates: A neuromuscular disease affecting the limb-girdle muscles primarily. The condition is distinguished by the presence of abnormal tubular aggregates in the muscle tissue and the absence of weakness in the eye and eyelid muscles which is a usually a symptom of myasthenia gravis.
• Myasthenia, familial limb-girdle: A rare genetic condition characterized by weakness of the chest and pelvic girdle muscles.
• Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, slow-channel: A rare disorder involving progressive muscle wasting and weakness of variable severity depending on the exact origin of the genetic defect. The problem arises from defective processes at the junction of nerve and muscle cells.
• Mycobacterial infections: Any infection that is caused by a mycobacterial organisms
• Mycobacterium avium Complex: Bacterial infection that is often AIDS-related.
• Mycobacterium avium complex infection: Infection with an opportunistic group of bacteria. It tends to occur in immunocompromised people such as those with HIV.
• Mycosis fungoides: Mycosis fungoides is a rare form of T-cell lymphoma of the skin. The disease is typically slowly progressive and chronic.
• Mycosis fungoides, familial: A rare form of lymphatic cancer (T-cell lymphoma) that primarily affects the skin and tends to occur with higher than normal frequency within a family. The skin is affected first, then the lymph nodes become inflamed and usually cancerous. The cancer can then spread to organs such as the liver, lungs and bone marrow. Survival depends on how early treatment starts. Patients diagnosed in the early stages can survive more than 12 years whereas once the cancer has spread to other organs, death usually occurs within three years.
• Myelitis: Spinal cord inflammation.
• Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disease: A rare group of blood and bone marrow diseases which contains features of myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disease. Myelodysplastic disease is when the immature blood cells do not develop into normal functioning mature cells. Myeloproliferative disease is where excessive numbers of blood cells are made.
• Myelofibrosis: A rare condition where progressive scarring or fibrosis of the bone marrow impairs it's ability to make blood cells causing symptoms such as anemia and liver and spleen enlargement.
• Myelofibrosis-osteosclerosis: Formation of fibrous tissue in the bone marrow in response to bone marrow damage.
• Myeloid Sarcoma: A rare type of tumor that develops from myeloid cells (type of immature white blood cell) and tends to usually have a greenish color. The tumor is essentially a localized solid collection of leukemic cells that occurs outside the bone marrow. It can occur in many parts of the body such as the chest, vertebrae, pelvis, skin, lymph nodes and parts of the skull. On rare occasions, it can occur in various organs such as the heart and brain. The tumor can occur as a primary condition or may be associated with cancerous conditions such as acute leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia. Symptoms will vary depending on the location of the tumor.
• Myeloma: A primary malignancy of the plasma cells
• Myhre Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by retarded growth, mental retardation, bone abnormalities and distinctive facial features.
• Myopathy and diabetes mellitus: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle disease and diabetes mellitus. The condition was highly variable with respect to the severity, range and onset of symptoms.
• Myopathy with lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia: A rare disorder of the bone marrow and skeletal muscles which manifests as muscle disease and anemia. Progressive intolerance to exercise usually starts during childhood with anemia occurring around adolescence.
• Myopathy, Myosin storage: A rare form of genetic muscle disease which progresses slowly and causes generalized muscle weakness and wasting. The condition results from the abnormal presence of hyaline bodies in type 1 muscle fibres.
• Myopathy, congenital nonprogressive with Moebius and Robin sequences: A rare inherited disorder characterized by nonprogressive muscle weakness from birth as well as the Moebius (congenital facial palsy with impaired ability to move eyes) and Pierre Robin sequence (underdeveloped jaw, cleft soft palate, abnormal tongue position).
• Myopathy, hyaline body, autosomal dominant: A rare form of genetic muscle disease which progresses slowly and causes generalized muscle weakness and wasting. The condition results from the abnormal presence of hyaline bodies in type 1 muscle fibres.
• Myotonic Dystrophy: An inherited disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting as well as eye defects, heart abnormalities and other anomalies. The severity of the condition is greatly variable. There are two type of myotonic dystrophy with type 1 being more severe than type 2.
• Myotonic dystrophy, type 2: An inherited disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting as well as eye defects, heart abnormalities and other anomalies. The severity of the condition is greatly variable. There are two type of myotonic dystrophy with type 1 being more severe than type 2. Type 2 also tends to affect muscle closer to the trunk e.g. upper leg and shoulders.
• Ménétrier's disease: Rare chronic disease with excessive growth of skin folds in the stomach.
• NADH CoQ reductase, deficiency of: A rare genetic defect where an enzyme deficiency (NADH CoQ) disrupts cellular processes and causes various organic acid disorders. Any of a variety of the components of the enzyme may be missing or defective and hence the clinical presentation and severity may vary. Presentation may range from infantile death to various disorders neurodegenerative disorders such as Leigh's disease, Parkinson's disease and cardiomyopathy.
• NASH syndrome: A form of fatty liver where fat and fibrous tissue accumulate in the liver. Fatty liver is normally seen in alcoholic patients but in NASH syndrome, alcohol is not a factor. The condition may be generally asymptomatic or in some cases may lead to progressive scarring (cirrhosis) of the liver. The condition has a variable progression.
• NOMID syndrome: A rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritic changes, eye problems and chronic meningitis.
• Nakajo syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by
• Narcotic addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use narcotics on a regular basis. The drug may be used as a therapeutic medication for various conditions but it's use is also frequently abused. Examples of narcotic drugs include heroin, morphine, Demerol and codeine. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A malignant cancer that occurs in the nasopharynx area which is the upper part of the throat. Often there are no symptoms until the cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body such as the neck.
• Navajo neurohepatopathy: A rare genetic disease found in Navajo populations. It involves peripheral nerve degeneration, liver disease and corneal ulcers. The genetic disease is believed to be caused by maternal exposure to uranium from waters contaminated by old mines.
• Nemalin myopathy, late onset type: A very rare inherited muscle disorder and is characterized by muscle weakness caused by the presence of nemalin rods in the muscle tissue which affects its function. The muscle weakness may be severe but is generally not a progressive condition. The main muscles affected are the limbs, neck and face. The legs are generally more affected in the late onset type.
• Nemaline myopathy 5: A very rare inherited muscle disorder and is characterized by muscle weakness caused by the presence of nemaline rods in the muscle tissue which affects its function. There are at least 7 different subtypes of nemaline myopathy, each with a different genetic defect. The severity of the symptoms may vary greatly even among patients within a particular subtype of the disorder. Type 5 is caused by a defect on the Troponin T1 gene on chromosome 19q13.4.
• Neonatal bacterial meningitis: Bacterial meningitis that occurs in an infant under 3 months of age. Bacterial meningitis is a bacterial brain infection.
• Neonatal sepsis: Bacterial blood infection in an infant under 3 months of age.
• Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: A rare inherited condition where the kidneys can't concentrate the urine sufficiently which results in excessive urination and thirst. The condition occurs because the kidneys are unable to respond to the antidiuretic hormone.
• Nephropathic cystinosis: Cystinosis is a condition where excess amino acid cystine builds up to harmful levels in the body. The nephropathic form of cystinosis usually starts during infancy and can result in severe complications if untreated.
• Nephrotic syndrome: A condition involving excess loss of protein in the urine, reduced albumin levels in the blood and swelling.
• Nerve entrapment: Compression of a nerve that becomes trapped in a confined space due to any cause e.g. trauma, inflammation or a disease process. This usually occurs near joints. The resulting pressure on the nerve can be very painful and if left untreated can result in damage to the nerve and eventually muscle weakness and wasting. Conditions such as bone spurs, joint swelling due to injury, cysts and trauma can result in nerve entrapment. The exact symptoms will depend on which nerve is trapped and the duration and severity of the entrapment.
• Nerve symptoms: Symptoms affecting the nerves
• Netherton syndrome ichthyosis: A rare inherited skin disorder characterized by scaly skin which forms in a circular pattern.
• Neu-Laxova Syndrome: A rare fatal genetic disorder characterized by microcephaly and multiple congenital abnormalities. Death occurs during the fetal or newborn stage.
• Neural crest-derived tumors: A neuroendocrine tumor that occurs only in children and infants tends to have a chronic progression. The tumors may be benign or malignant and symptoms will vary depending on the location and malignancy of the tumor. Neural crest-derived tumors include benign swchwannomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, neurofibromas and primary melanomas.
• Neuroblastoma: neuroblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of infants and children that develops from nerve tissue
• Neuroectodermal tumors primitive: A type of brain tumor that consists of small round cells and is believed to originate from primitive nerve cells in the brain. Symptoms are determined by the exact location of the tumor.
• Neurofibromatosis, familial intestinal: A rare type of familial tumor that arises from intestinal nerves.
• Neuronal Migration Disorders: Group of disorders caused by abnormal growth of nerves in the brain and head.
• Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by muscle and nerve degeneration.
• Neuropathy: A condition which is characterized by a functional disturbance or pathological change in the peripheral nervous system
• Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type II: A very rare inherited condition characterized mainly by the loss of all sensations such as pain, temperature and touch. The sensation impairment starts in the toes and fingers and spreads up the limbs with the trunk occasionally being affected. Injuries to the hands and feet are common as there is no pain associated with injury and the patient may be unaware that they even have an injury.
• Neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory, LOM type: A severe form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease which involves the loss of the protective covering around nerves resulting in various nerve problems. Muscle weakness and wasting and sensory loss is more severe in the ends of the arms and legs.
• Neurosis: Variety of mental disorders with self-awareness
• Neurosyphilis: Syphilis affecting the nervous system.
• Nezelof's syndrome: An immune deficiency disorder where the cells that normally fight infection don't work properly and patients suffer frequent severe infections.
• Nicotine addiction: Nicotine addiction is the uncontrollable desire to continue smoking. Smoking products contain nicotine which is a chemical that can lead to addiction if used over a period of time. Cessation causes withdrawal symptoms which can vary in nature and severity.
• Niemann-Pick disease: A rare inherited biochemical disorder involving the deficiency of an enzyme (acid sphingomyelinase) needed to break down certain lipids which results in an accumulation of these lipids in the body.
• Niemann-Pick disease, type A: Niemann-Pick disease is an inherited metabolic disorder where lipids are not able to be metabolized adequately and hence build up and cause damage in various parts of the body such as the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow and brain. The different types of the disease are due to different genetic mutations. Type A is a severe infantile form in which death usually occurs by early childhood.
• Nocardiosis: A rare infectious disease caused by the bacteria Nocardia asteroides which primarily affects the lung but may also involve the brain, soft tissues and other organs.
• Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: An uncommon form of Hodgkin lymphoma (an immune system cancer) characterized by the presence of nodular lymphocytes representing a nodular growth pattern of the cancer.
• Nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by joint disease, loss of bone mineral density and nodulosis.
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A condition which is any neoplastic disorder of the lymphoid tissue
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, during pregnancy: A cancer that originates in the lymphatic system and occurs during pregnancy. The greatest problem is the fact that the cancer is usually quite aggressive and delays in delivery often results in delayed treatment and a poor prognosis.
• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: It is any type of lung cancer other than small cell carcinoma (SCLC). As a class, NSCLCs are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy, compared to small cell carcinoma
• Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia: A rare disorder of amino acid metabolism where glycine and proline are unable to be metabolized properly due to defects in the glycine cleavage system.
• Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, familial: A rare disorder characterized by the inherited predisposition to develop colorectal cancer. Even though sufferers face an increased risk of various cancers it does not mean that they will actually develop the cancer.
• Nutritional deficiency: Any deficiency of the nutrients that are required to sustain human life
• OFD syndrome type 8: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.
• OFD syndrome type IX: A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger and retinal abnormalities.
• Obal syndrome: The association of eye problems with severe malnutrition. The condition occurred frequently in soldiers, prisoners of war and people in concentration camps.
• Obstructive Jaundice: Condition where blockage of the flow of bile from the liver causes overspill of bile products into the blood and incomplete bile excretion from the body.
• Occupational lead exposure - ammunition production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed as ammunition makers if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - battery manufacturing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the battery manufacturing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - brass foundry: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the brass foundry industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ceramic production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ceramic production industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - explosives production: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the explosives production industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - furniture refinishing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the furniture refinishing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead glass factury: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in lead glass factories if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead mine: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in lead mines if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - lead smelting: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the lead smelting industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - painter: Exposure to lead can occur in painters if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - pottery making: Exposure to lead can occur in people involved in pottery making if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - radiator repair: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the radiator repair industry. The soldering required to repair the radiator can lead to the lead exposure if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ship building: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ship building industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - ship repairing: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the ship repairing industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Occupational lead exposure - smelting: Exposure to lead can occur in people employed in the smelting industry if adequate precautions are not taken. Lead exposure can cause elevated levels of lead in the blood which in turn can cause various symptoms depending on the severity and duration of the exposure.
• Oesophagostomiasis: A parasitic intestinal infection caused by a nematode called Oesophagostomum bifurcum. The parasite commonly infects monkeys, goats, cattle, sheep and pigs. The infection is relatively rare in humans but is most commonly found in northern Togo and Ghana. Transmission usually occurs through oral contact with contaminated soil.
• Oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia: A congenital renal hypoplasia associated with chronic renal failure in children. Also called oligomeganephronia.
• Olivopontocerebellar atrophy I: A disorder where degeneration of certain parts of the brain and spinal cord and results in symptoms such as muscle problems, chorea and speech disturbance.
• Omenn syndrome: A rare inherited disorder of the immune system involving B and T lymphocytes and characterized by skin rash and frequent infections.
• Oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: A rare condition where a mesenchymal tumor causes low blood phosphate levels. This affects bone mineralization resulting weak, fragile bones and other symptoms.
• Opioid addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use opioids on a regular basis. Opioids may may be prescribed by a physician for the purpose of pain relief but patients may become physically dependent on the drug and continue to obsessively use it even after the condition it was prescribed for has resolved. In other cases, opioid addiction results from the illicit use of the drug for recreational purposes. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling. Examples of opioids includes morphine, heroin, oxycodone and fentanyl.
• Opioid withdrawal: Symptoms that occur when opioid use is discontinued or reduced. Symptoms may vary depending on the level of dependence. Opioids includes heroin, methadone and codeine.
• Opium addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use opium on a regular basis. Opium may may be prescribed by a physician for the purpose of pain relief but patients may become physically dependent on the drug and continue to obsessively use it even after the condition it was prescribed for has resolved. In other cases, opium addiction results from the illicit use of the drug for recreational purposes. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic: Impaired vision due to optic nerve damage caused by problems with the blood supply to the nerve. The non-arteritic form is caused by and interrupted blood supply to the optic disk. Usually one eye is affected first and maybe eventually be followed by the other. Often only part of the visual field is affected.
• Optic pathway glioma: A type of tumor that arises in the optic nerve which sends messages from the eye to the brain. These tumors tend to occur mainly in children under the age of 10. The tumor may affect the hormone center of the brain and hence can affect such things as growth and weight.
• Oral cancer: Cancer (malignant) of the lip or inside the mouth.
• Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase means that nitrogen isn't removed from the body and builds up in the blood in the form of ammonia.
• Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) Deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase means that nitrogen isn't removed from the body and builds up in the blood in the form of ammonia.
• Oropharyngeal cancer, adult: Cancer of the back of the mouth which forms part of the throat including the back of the tongue, tonsils, part of the throat wall and soft palate (oropharynx).
• Orotic aciduria hereditary: A rare metabolic disorder where an inherited enzyme deficiency (lack of orotidylic pyrophosphorylase and orotidylic decarboxylase or a lack of orotidylic decarboxylase only) impairs the body's ability to break down orotic acid which then builds up in the body and causes damage.
• Orotic aciduria purines-pyrimidines: An inborn metabolic error which results in excessive levels of orotic acid in the urine.
• Oroticaciduria 1: A rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of two enzymes (orotidylic pyrophosphorylase and orotidylic decarboxylase) which impairs the body's ability to break down orotic acid which then builds up in the body where it can cause damage.
• Orotidylic decarboxylase deficiency: A rare metabolic disorder where deficiency of an enzyme (orotidylic decarboxylase) which impairs the body's ability to break down orotic acid which then builds up in the body where it can cause damage.
• Osteoarthritis: A form of degenerative arthritis due to chronic degeneration
• Osteodysplasty, precocious, of Danks, Mayne, and Kozlowski: A very rare fatal disorder characterized by abnormal bone development and growth failure. Death occurs within the first year of life.
• Osteogenesis imperfecta: Weak bones ("brittle bone disease") and loose joints
• Osteopetrosis - renal tubular acidosis: A rare disorder where increased bone density is caused by carbonic anhydrase II deficiency.
• Osteopetrosis lethal: A severe, lethal form of the brittle bone condition called osteopetrosis.
• Osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis: A rare disorder where increased bone density is caused by carbonic anhydrase II deficiency.
• Osteopetrosis, autosomal recessive 4: A rare disorder characterized primarily by increased bone density as old bone is not resorbed and replaced with new bone - is also known as marble bone disease. The malignant infantile form is the most severe form of this disorder and death usually occurs in the first decade of life.
• Oto-Palato-digital syndrome type 1: A rare genetic disorder characterized by deafness, cleft palate, broad fingers and toes and short nails.
• Ovarian cancer: A condition which is characterized by a malignancy that is located in the ovary
• Ovarian carcinosarcoma: A type of ovarian cancer.
• Oxycontin addiction: Oxycontin is a commonly prescribed pain killer which is recognized as carrying a high risk of addiction. Initial use of the drug may be to control chronic pain but patients may find themselves increasingly dependent on the drug and unable to stop its use. Other cases of addiction may occur when people deliberately and illegally misuse Oxycontin as a recreational drug.
• PANDAS: A rare disorder characterized by the association of a tic disorder or OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder) with a streptococcal infection and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The symptoms can start suddenly and recovery is slow with frequent relapses. It is believed that the infection affects a part of the brain that is involved with movement.
• PEPCK 1 deficiency: A rare inherited disorder where deficiency of an enzyme (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1) prevents fats and proteins being turned into glucose which causes various problems. In type 1, the enzyme deficiency occurs in the liquid part of the cells.
• PEPCK 2 deficiency: A rare inherited disorder where deficiency of an enzyme (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-2) prevents fats and proteins being turned into glucose which causes various problems. In type 2 the deficiency occurs in the mitochondrial part of the cell which is the energy conversion organelle in the cell.
• PFIC: A rare inherited condition where bile is unable to drain from the liver where it builds up and causes progressive liver damage. End-stage liver disease usually occurs before adulthood. There are three different subtypes of the disorder, each with a different genetic origin of the defect.
• Paget disease juvenile type: A rare genetic bone disorder involving abnormal loss of bone mineralization and remineralization, broadened bone shafts and high levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood. Some juvenile cases are relatively mild.
• Pain killer addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use pain-relieving medication on a regular basis. Pain killers are often prescribed for the treatment of sleeping problems but chronic use can lead to dependence on the drug. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Palate cancer: Any cancer that is located anatomically on the palate of the mouth
• Palmoplantar keratoderma - amyotrophy: A rare disorder characterized by the association of thickened skin on the palms and soles with muscle wasting.
• Pancreas symptoms: Symptoms affecting the pancreas gland
• Pancreatic Acinar Cell Tumors: Pancreatic acinar cell tumors are a rare type of tumor that develops from acinar cells in the pancreas. Normal acinar cells secrete enzymes and hence acinar cells in the tumor will also usually secrete additional enzymes - mostly lipase. This type of tumor usually occurs in old age.
• Pancreatic Islet Cell Cancer: A malignant carcinoma that is located in the islet cells of the pancreas
• Pancreatic adenoma: A pancreatic tumor which may be benign or malignant. Symptoms may vary depending on the location and size of the tumor as well as whether the tumor secretes hormones or not. For example, the tumor may block the biliary duct.
• Pancreatic cancer: Pancreatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas
• Pancreatic cancer, adult: Cancer that develops in the tissues of the pancreas. The pancreas produces digestive juices and certain hormones such as insulin that regulate sugar levels in the body and tumors can in some cases causes excessive hormone secretion.
• Pancreatic carcinoma, familial: Cancer (malignant) that develops in the pancreas and tends to run in families. The pancreas produces digestive juices and certain hormones such as insulin that regulate sugar levels in the body.
• Pancreatic islet cell tumors (non-functioning tumor): A tumor that arises from the pancreatic islet cells and may involve cells that produce excess pancreatic hormones.
• Pancreatitis: Any inflammation that occurs in the pancreas
• Pancreatoblastoma: A very rare pancreatic tumor that occurs almost exclusively in children. The tumor can grow large enough to push against and hence obstruct the passage of material in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Panhypopituitarism: A rare condition where all pituitary hormones are absent or reduced. The condition may be congenital or acquired through such things as pituitary tumors. The pituitary gland regulates the activity of other endocrine glands as well as controlling growth. Other endocrine glands include adrenal, parathyroid, thyroid, pancreas, ovaries and testes. Symptoms can vary greatly depending on the degree of deficiency of the various hormones.
• Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: A rare, inherited, progressive neurological movement disorder where accumulation of iron in the brain causes degeneration of the nervous system.
• Papillary renal cell carcinoma: A type of kidney tumor characterized by the development of finger-like projections in at least some of the tumor. It can be inherited in a familial pattern or occur sporadically.
• Paprika splitter's lung: Inhalation of paprika dust in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the contaminated paprika dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Paprika splitter's lung - Mucor Stolonifer: Inhalation of paprika dust contaminated with a pathogen (Mucor Stolonifer) in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the contaminated paprika dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Para-amino benzoic acid overuse: High doses of para-amino benzoic acid (member of the vitamin B family) cause symptoms.
• Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Syndromes: A group of symptoms that occur in some individuals that are carriers of cancer
• Paraneoplastic syndromes:
• Parathyroid Cancer: A condition that is characterised by malignancy that affects the parathyroid
• Parathyroid cancer, adult: A rare cancer that can occur in the parathyroid gland in adults. The parathyroid glands regulate body calcium levels so cancer of the gland upsets the body's calcium balance causing muscle, bone and other symptoms.
• Parkinson disease 10 (PARK10): Type 10 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 1p32. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 11 (PARK11): Type 11 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2q21.2. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 12 (PARK12): Type 12 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome Xq21-q25. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 13 (PARK13): Type 13 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2p12. This form of the condition tends to progress slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 2, autosomal recessive juvenile (PARK2): Type 2 Parkinson disease is juvenile form of the condition and is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 6q25.2-q27. The condition may be inherited in a recessive manner and symptoms tend to be milder following sleep. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 3, autosomal dominant Lewy body (PARK3): Type 3 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 2p13. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 4, autosomal dominant Lewy body (PARK4): Type 4 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4q21. This form of the condition tends to start around the age of 45 years and progresses rapidly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 4, autosomal dominant, Lewy body: A form of Parkinson's disease caused by a triplication of the alpha-synuclein gene on chromosome 4q21.
• Parkinson disease 5 (PARK5): Type 5 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4p14. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 6, autosomal recessive early-onset (PARK6): Type 6 Parkinson disease is an early-onset form of the condition and is linked to a genetic mutation on the PINK1 gene on chromosome 1p36. The condition may be inherited in a recessive manner and symptoms tend to fluctuate during the day. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 7, autosomal recessive early-onset (PARK7): Type 7 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation in the DJ1 gene on chromosome 1p36. This form of the condition tends to start before the age of 40 years and progresses slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 8 (PARK8): Type 8 Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 1p32. This form of the condition tends to progress slowly. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease 9 (PARK9): Type 9 Parkinson disease is linked to a mutation in the ATP13A2 gene on chromosome 1p36. This condition progresses rapidly and usually starts during the second decade of life. Dementia, eye movement problems and wasting of the brain tissue occur in addition to the typical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson disease, familial, type 1 (PARK1): Type 1 familial Parkinson disease is linked to a genetic mutation on chromosome 4q21. Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative brain disorder characterized by tremors, muscle rigidity and slowed movements.
• Parkinson's Disease: Degenerative brain condition characterised by tremor.
• Parrot Breeder's disease: Inhalation of parrot dropping in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the proteins in the parrot droppings. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Parsonage Turner syndrome: Inflammation of the nerves that carry signals from the spine to the shoulder, arm and hands.
• Partial Trisomy 18 Syndrome: A rare genetic chromosomal syndrome where the child has an extra third copy of only part of chromosome 18 in the body's cells. It is a less severe form of Edwards syndrome - the most severe form involves and extra copy of the whole of chromosome 18 in all of the body's cells. The severity of the condition is highly variable depending on how many of the body's cells are involved and how much of the chromosome is involved.
• Partial atrioventricular canal: A type of congenital heart defect involving and abnormal opening between the heart chambers and defective valves that control blood flow in the heart. The partial form of the condition involves only the two upper heart chambers. Symptoms are determined by the severity of the defect. Often symptoms do not become apparent until later in life.
• Passos-Bueno syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by mental retardation, reduced muscle tone, incontinence, muscle wasting and inability to walk or speak.
• Pauli's hypersensitivity pneumonitis: Inhalation of Pauli's reagent in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Pay-loo-ah-induced lead poisoning: Pay-loo-ah is a folk remedy used mainly by the Hmong people from Loas to treat fever and rash. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Pearson's anemia: Pearson's anemia is a rare progressive condition characterized by abnormal pancreatic functioning and sideroblastic anemia. Diagnosis usually occurs within the first 7 years of life and death in infancy is common.
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: Rare brain myelin disorder.
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher brain sclerosis: A degenerative brain disease involving deterioration of the brain white matter which affects motor and mental functioning.
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, recessive, acute infantile: A severe form of the degenerative brain disease involving deterioration of the brain white matter and resulting in impaired motor and mental functioning.
• Pellagra: Dietary deficiency of vitamin B3 (niacin)
• Pelvic Cancer: Any malignancy that is located in the anatomical location of the pelvis
• Pelvic abscess: A pus-filled cavity in the pelvis due to infection.
• Pelvis conditions: Any condition that affects the pelvis
• Pemphigus: A rare group of autoimmune skin disorders where blisters or raw sores develop on the skin and mucous membranes. The bodies immune system destroys proteins the hold skin cells together resulting in blistering. The condition can be life-threatening if untreated.
• Peptic Ulcer: Ulcer on the lining of the stomach or duodenum
• Perinatal hypophosphatasia: An inherited bone disorder due to an inborn error of metabolism characterized by a severe deficiency of alkaline phosphate which results in death before or within days of birth.
• Peripheral T-cell lymphoma: An aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by the proliferation of abnormal T-lymphocytes that circulate in the blood in the peripheral parts of the body. It is a rapidly growing lymphoma.
• Peripheral neuroectodermal tumor: A type of tumor that consists of small round cells and occurs in bone or soft tissue in the extremities of the body such as the arms, legs, pelvis or chest wall. Symptoms are determined by the location of the tumor. The tumor may be malignant or benign.
• Peripheral neuropathy: Any loss in the function of the peripheral nervous system
• Peritoneum cancer: A condition that is characterised by the location of a malignant lesion in the perineum
• Peritoneum disorders: Any condition that affects the peritoneum
• Pernicious anemia: A megaloblastic anaemia due to malabsorption of the vitamin B12
• Persistent Truncus Arteriosus: A congenital heart defect that occurs during fetal development where the truncus arteriosis fails to separate into an aorta and pulmonary aorta before birth. This causes blood from both ventricles to mix.
• Pfeiffer syndrome Type 3: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature joining of certain skull bones during development which has an impact on the shape of the head and face. Features include craniofacial abnormalities, cardiovascular malformations and early death is common.
• Pfeiffer-Weber-Christian syndrome: A rare skin disorder characterized by recurring inflammation of the fatty layer of the skin and the development of nodules which can vary in size from 1 to 2 cm. The face and hands are not usually affected and the legs and feet tend to be the most commonly affected. The condition tends to reoccur within weeks or months.
• Pfiesteria piscicida poisoning: Pfiesteria piscicida is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pfiesteria poisoning: Pfiesteria is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pfiesteria shumwayae poisoning: Pfiesteria shumwayae is an estuarine microorganism (dinoflagellate) that can cause illness in humans as well as fish. The particular toxin involved has not yet been identified. The microorganism may release toxins into the water or it may be aerosolized which can result in skin, eye and respiratory exposure. The condition is not contagious and they symptoms may vary considerably amongst patients.
• Pharynx cancer: A condition that is characterised by a malignant lesion located in the pharynx
• Phenylketonuria: A metabolic disorder where there is a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which leads to a harmful buildup of the phenylalanine in the body. Normally the phenylalanine is converted into tyrosine. The severity of the symptoms can range from severe enough to cause mental retardation to mild enough not to require treatment. Severity is determined by the level of impairment of enzyme activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase.
• Pheochromocytoma: pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that usually starts in the cells of the adrenal glands
• Pheochromocytoma as part of Neurofibromatosis: A tumor that develops in the part of the adrenal gland called the medulla which produces adrenalin and noradrenaline. This tumor is often associated with a condition called neurofibromatosis. The tumor affects automatic body activities such as regulating breathing rate and heartbeat.
• Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloid leukemia: A form of leukemia.
• Phocomelia syndrome: A rare condition involving a range severe birth defects that can occur genetically, spontaneously or due to use of certain drugs such as thalidomides during pregnancy.
• Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency: A rare inherited disorder where deficiency of an enzyme (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1) prevents fats and proteins being turned into glucose which causes various problems. In type 1, the enzyme deficiency occurs in the liquid part of the cells and in type 2 the deficiency occurs in the mitochondrial part of the cell.
• Phosphoglucomutase deficiency: An enzyme (phosphoglucomutase) deficiency which causes metabolic problems.
• Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 deficiency: An inherited genetic muscle disease where an enzyme deficiency (phosphoglycerate kinase) affects the normal processes that convert carbohydrates from food into energy.
• Physical addiction: Physical addiction refers to the compulsive need for a drug or substance in order to prevent the withdrawal symptoms (physical and/or psychological) or due to increased tolerance to the effects of the substance.
• Pierre Robin syndrome skeletal dysplasia polydactyly: A rare disorder characterized by the Pierre-Robin sequence (underdeveloped jaw, cleft soft palate and abnormal tongue location), extra fingers and skeletal abnormalities.
• Pierre Robin's sequence: A rare genetic disorder characterized by an underdeveloped jaw, cleft soft palate and abnormal tongue location.
• Pigeon Breeder's disease: Inhalation of pigeon dropping in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the proteins in the pigeon droppings. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Pituitary cancer, childhood: Cancer (malignant) of the pituitary gland in children. The pituitary gland produces various hormones and some pituitary tumors (functioning tumors) can affect the secretion of one or more of these hormones resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the exact location of the tumor. Some pituitary tumors do not affect hormone production (nonfunctioning tumors).
• Pituitary tumors, adult: A benign or cancer tumor that develops in the tissue of the pituitary gland in adults. The pituitary gland produces various hormones and some pituitary tumors (functioning tumors) can affect the secretion of one or more of these hormones resulting in a range of symptoms depending on the exact location of the tumor. Some pituitary tumors do not affect hormone production (nonfunctioning tumors).
• Pleural cancer: Pleural cancer is a cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, or lung pleura.
• Plexosarcoma: A rare type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and retroperitoneum.
• Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia: An infectious disease caused by the fungus called Pneumocystitis carinii which causes pneumonia. It primarily occurs in people with a poor immune system.
• Pneumonia, eosinophilic: Infiltration of the lungs by eosinophils (type of white blood cell) which can be caused by asthma or as a reaction to certain drugs or parasitic infections.
• Po Ying Tan-induced lead poisoning: Po Ying Tan is a folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat minor childhood complaints. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Polyarteritis: A systemic inflammation of arteries, especially involving the kidneys and gut.
• Polyarteritis nodosa: A serious blood vessel disease where small and medium-sized arteries become swollen and damaged and are unable to adequately supply oxygenated blood to various tissues in the body. The disease can occur in a mild form or a serious, rapidly fatal form.
• Polychondritis: A serious, progressive, episodic condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage in the body. The duration and severity of the episodes can vary.
• Polycystic kidney disease type 1: A rare condition where cysts in the kidney grow and cause the kidney to become larger and reduce it's ability to function. PKD 1 is an autosomal dominant form of the disease and differs from PKD 2 in that it is more severe and is caused by a mutation in a different gene.
• Polydactyly cleft lip palate psychomotor retardation: A very rare syndrome described in a small inbred group of families and characterized by bifid toes, extra big fingers, cleft lip or palate and psychomotor retardation. There were various other symptoms that were variably present.
• Polymyalgia rheumatica: A condition characterized by muscle pain and stiffness, fatigue and fever. It is often associated with giant-cell arteritis which is a related but more serious condition.
• Polyposis, Adenomatous Intestinal, autosomal dominant: A genetic condition characterized by the development of adenomatous polyps mainly in the colon and rectum. There may be hundreds or thousands of polyps and these polyps have a predisposition for becoming cancerous. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and occurs in a familial pattern. Most patients have at least one parent with the condition.
• Polyradiculoneuropathy: An inflammatory disorder that affects the peripheral nerves and the spinal nerve roots. The onset and progression of the disease is variable with severe cases resulting in premature death. The condition is chronic and progressive but periodic relapses can occur.
• Pontocerebellar hypoplasia with infantile spinal muscular atrophy: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized by an abnormally small brain and brainstem which manifests as a small head and mental retardation. The disorder is lethal with death usually occurring within the first year. The brain progressively degenerates.
• Poor appetite: Loss or reduction in appetite for food
• Post-polio syndrome: A condition where patients who have a history of polio have a reoccurrence of muscle symptoms. The condition usually occurs at least ten years after partial or complete recovery from polio.
• Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease: The development of B cell lymphomas that occurs as a complication due to the use of immunosuppressants following an organ transplant. The disorder can be alleviated by reducing immunosuppressant use but sometimes non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can develop which may be fatal.
• Posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by progressive ataxia and eye degeneration resulting in blindness by the third decade as well as muscle problems.
• Posterior valve, urethra: A congenital defect where there is an abnormal membrane in the back of the male urethra which affects urine flow. The urine can flow back through the valve and cause problems for organs such as the urethra, bladder, ureters and even the kidneys. The severity of the condition is determined by the severity of the malformation. Severe defects can cause fetal death and mild defects may cause incontinence.
• Postperfusion lung syndrome: A breathing complication that can occur within hours of heart surgery involving blood transfusions. Death is relatively common with this complication.
• Powell-Buist-Stenzel syndrome: A rare syndrome inherited in a X-linked manner and characterized by diarrhea, endocrine disease and severe infections during infancy which lead to death. The condition is possibly due to an overactive immune system.
• Prader-Willi syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced muscle tone, obesity and small hands and feet.
• Pregnancy symptoms: Symptoms related to pregnancy.
• Prescribed medication addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use prescribed medication in a manner or frequency not prescribed. Drugs such as painkillers are prescribed to treat such things as pain but patients may become physically dependent on the drug and continue to obsessively use it even after the condition it was prescribed for has resolved. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Pretibial Myxedema: Condition causing redness and thickening of soft tissues under skin and pink nodules on shins and front of lower legs; a manifestation of the autoimmune disease Graves' Disease
• Primary Lateral Sclerosis: A neurological disorder involving the upper motor nerves and causing progressive muscle weakness in the extremities and facial area. This condition involves mutations in the same gene and overlapping symptoms with juvenile primary lateral sclerosis but the difference is that primary lateral sclerosis only involves degeneration of the upper motor neurons whereas infantile-onset spastic paralysis is more severe and involves degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons.
• Primary biliary cirrhosis: Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive cholestatic disease of the liver.
• Primary granulocytic sarcoma: A malignant tumor derived from immature white blood cells called myeloblasts. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most commonly found in bone, soft tissue, lymph nodes and skin. Symptoms will vary according to the location of the tumor.
• Primary malignant lymphoma: The excessive proliferation of lymphocytes which forms part of the immune system. Primary cancers refer to the fact that the cancer originated in the lymph cells rather than having metastasized.
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology that is recognized increasingly in children.
• Primary tubular proximal acidosis: A rare disorder where abnormal function of the proximal kidney tubules causes a buildup of acid in the body. The kidney abnormality is not due to any other disease, condition or injury.
• Progeria short stature pigmented nevi: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by premature aging, short stature, and immune system deficiency. The type and severity of symptoms is variable.
• Progeroid syndrome, neonatal: A rare congenital condition characterized by poor growth, aged facial appearance, and mental retardation. Death occurs usually by 6 years of age.
• Progressive spinal muscular atrophy: A group of inherited motor neuron diseases involving progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. The severity of symptoms and survival varies depending on the particular form of the condition. Death can occur as early as infancy whereas some forms allow survival into adulthood.
• Prolymphocytic leukemia: A very rare type of leukemia involving a proliferation of immature white blood cells (prolymphocytes - T-cells).
• Proteus Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by overgrowth of bones, fatty tissues and skin in various parts of the body.
• Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis: This is a condition that is characterised by a metabolic acidosis state caused by impairment of a persons renal function
• Proximal spinal muscular atrophy: A rare group of muscle disorders which mainly affects the muscles closest to the trunk of the body. Muscles become progressively weak and wasted due to damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem.
• Proximal spinal muscular atrophy, type 1: A type of spinal muscular atrophy which is a progressive genetic motor neuron disease involving the nerves and muscles. The condition is relatively rare and is characterized by muscle weakness which leads to structural deformities and loss or reduced capability of normal body movements. SMA type I is the most debilitating form as muscular weakness is evident at birth and diagnosis usually occurs within the first three months.
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1: A rare condition characterized by electrolyte disorders caused by the kidney's inability to respond to aldosterone. Type 1 is differentiated from type II in that it involves sodium wasting.
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, autosomal dominant: A rare condition characterized by electrolyte disorders caused by the kidney's inability to respond to mineralocorticoids. Type 1 is differentiated from type II in that it involves sodium wasting. There are two forms of type 1: an autosomal recessive form which tends to be more severe than the autosomal dominant form. The recessive form tends to persist into adulthood whereas the dominant form is milder and symptoms tend to improve with age.
• Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, autosomal recessive: A rare condition characterized by electrolyte disorders caused by the kidney's inability to respond to mineralocorticoids. Type 1 is differentiated from type II in that it involves sodium wasting. There are two forms of type 1: an autosomal recessive form which tends to be more severe than the autosomal dominant form. The recessive form tends to persist into adulthood whereas the dominant form is milder and symptoms tend to improve with age.
• Pseudoobstruction idiopathic intestinal: A gastrointestinal disorder where the intestinal walls are unable to contract normally to move digested material through the system which produces symptoms similar to an obstruction in the intestinal tract.
• Pseudophosphatasia: A rare condition where infants have all the physical features of infantile hypophosphatasia but alkaline phosphatase activity is normal.
• Psittacosis: An infectious disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci and transmitted mainly by infected birds but also by some mammals.
• Psychiatric disorders: Any condition that affects ones mind
• Psychiatric disorders associated Celiac Disease: Patients with Psychiatric disorders are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Psychological addiction: Psychological addiction refers to the lack of willpower in fighting against a compulsive need for something i.e. a mental dependence rather than a physical dependence. The addiction stems from psychological or emotional factors. Psychological addictions may involve addictions to drugs, sex, shopping and just about anything else. A person finds themselves unable to resist the source of their addiction.
• Psychological disorders: Any condition that affects ones mind
• Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: An abnormal condition where phospholipids and proteins are deposited in the alveoli of the lung. More prevalent in males with some patients having no symptoms and others having an unproductive cough and progressive dyspnea with exertion. The condition increases the risk of secondary infection. Also called alveolar proteinosis.
• Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, congenital: A rare lung disease where protein and fat molecules accumulate in the distant parts of the lungs and affect breathing.
• Pulmonary artery coming from the aorta: A rare congenital heart defect which is usually fatal. The pulmonary artery is abnormally placed and comes out of the aorta.
• Pulmonary fibrosis: A scarring condition that affects the lungs
• Pulmonary heart disease: Heart disease that is caused by pulmonary conditions
• Pulmonary surfactant protein B, deficiency of: A rare lung disease where protein and fat molecules accumulate in the distant parts of the lungs and affect breathing. The disease is called by a deficiency of a the lung surfactant protein B.
• Pulmonary veins stenosis: A congenital malformation where the pulmonary veins are narrowed.
• Pulp Worker's disease: Inhalation of pulp particles contaminated with fungus in an occupational setting (paper mill industry) can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne pulp particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Pulp Worker's disease - Alternaria spp.: Inhalation of pulp particles contaminated with fungus (Alternaria spp.) in an occupational setting (e.g. paper mill industry) can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the fungus in the airborne wood pulp particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Pyelonephritis: Any inflammation of the kidney
• Pyloric stenosis: Narrowed opening between stomach and intestines
• Pyloric stenosis, infantile hypertrophic, 1: A congenital anomaly where the pylorus is abnormally enlarged which narrows the opening and prevents food from emptying out of the stomach and into the intestines. Type 1 is linked to a defect in the NOS1 gene on chromosome 12q.
• Pyloric stenosis, infantile hypertrophic, 2: A congenital anomaly where the pylorus is abnormally enlarged which narrows the opening and prevents food from emptying out of the stomach and into the intestines. Type 2 is linked to a defect on chromosome 16p13-p12.
• Pyloric stenosis, infantile hypertrophic, 3: A congenital anomaly where the pylorus is abnormally enlarged which narrows the opening and prevents food from emptying out of the stomach and into the intestines. Type 3 is linked to a defect on chromosome 11q14-q22.
• Pyloric stenosis, infantile hypertrophic, 4: A congenital anomaly where the pylorus is abnormally enlarged which narrows the opening and prevents food from emptying out of the stomach and into the intestines. Type 4 is linked to a defect on chromosome Xq23.
• Pyridoxamine 5-prime-phosphate oxidase deficiency: A metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of an enzyme called 5-prime-phosphate oxidase. Symptoms start soon after birth and involves seizures and other anomalies.
• Pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency: A rare genetic disorder involving an enzyme (pyruvate decarboxylase) deficiency which results in symptoms such as failure to thrive, psychomotor retardation, small head, eye problems, increased blood ammonia levels and lactic acidosis which can result in infant death in severe cases.
• Q fever: A disease caused by Coxiella burnetti which causes fever, headache and muscle pain.
• Radiation sickness: Illness from radiation exposure or cancer radiotherapy.
• Ramos-Arroyo Syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized distinctive facial features, ductus arteriosus, mental retardation and vision problems.
• Ramos-ArroyoClark syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized distinctive facial features, ductus arteriosus, mental retardation and vision problems.
• Reactive attachment disorder of infancy: A disorder where infants fail to develop a normal attachment to their primary caregiver. It may be caused by such things as neglect, abuse and caregiver unresponsiveness during the early years of life. The severity and type of symptoms are variable.
• Rectal cancer: A growth or excessive proliferation of cells in the rectum which is the final portion of the digestive system before the anus. The growth may be benign or malignant.
• Rectal conditions: Any condition that affects the rectum
• Rectosigmoid neoplasm: A tumor that originates in the upper rectal area or sigmoid colon. The tumor may be benign or cancerous.
• Rectractile mesenteritis: A disorder involving the tissue that connects the small intestine to the back of the back of the abdominal wall (mesentery) and is characterized by infection and inflammation followed by fibrosis.
• Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome: A condition characterized by pain and reduced range of motion in the shoulder and hand of the affected arm.
• Refractory Celiac Disease: Refractory Celiac Disease is celiac disease that fails to respond to treatment which involves a gluten-free diet. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The condition is quite uncommon and often the resulting poor absorption of nutrients from the intestines leads to a poor prognosis.
• Renal Cell Carcinoma 2: A genetic form of kidney cancer.
• Renal Cell Carcinoma 3: A dominantly inherited form of kidney cancer which is linked to chromosome 5q.
• Renal Cell Carcinoma 4: A genetic form of kidney cancer.
• Renal cancer: Cancer (malignant) of the kidneys. The kidneys are organs that make certain hormones and remove waste from the blood and turning it into urine.
• Renal cancer, familial: A genetic form of kidney cancer that tends to run in families.
• Renal infarction: The death of an area of tissue in the kidney due to a localized lack of oxygen. Usually results from an interruption in the blood supply. The severity of the symptoms depends on how large the affected part of the kidney is. Small infarcts can produce virtually no symptoms. The condition is relatively uncommon and frequently misdiagnosed.
• Renal pelvis and ureter, transitional cell cancer: Cancer that develops in certain cells that make up the ureter and renal pelvis. The ureter is a tube that connects the kidney to the bladder and the renal pelvis is a part of the kidney. Transitional cells line the inside of the renal pelvis and the ureter.
• Renal tuberculosis: Kidney affected by tuberculosis
• Renal tubular acidosis progressive nerve deafness: A kidney disorder where progressive nerve deafness is associated with the kidney's is inability to effectively remove acid from the blood and excrete it into the urine. The defect occurs in the distant portion of the kidney tubules whose job is to remove acid from the blood and excrete it through the urine.
• Renal tubular acidosis, distal: A kidney disorder where the kidney is unable to effective remove acid from the blood and excrete it into the urine. The defect occurs in the distant portion of the kidney tubules whose job is to remove acid from the blood and excrete it through the urine.
• Renal tubular acidosis, distal - type I: A kidney disorder where the kidney is unable to effective remove acid from the blood and excrete it into the urine. The defect occurs in the distant portion of the kidney tubules whose job is to remove acid from the blood and excrete it through the urine. Type I also involves potassium level abnormalities.
• Renal tubular acidosis, distal - type III: A kidney disorder where the kidney is unable to effective remove acid from the blood and excrete it into the urine. The defect occurs in the distant portion of the kidney tubules whose job is to remove acid from the blood and excrete it through the urine. Type III involves the potassium level abnormalities of type I as well as bicarbonate level abnormalities resulting from excessive bicarbonate removal from the blood at the proximal part of the kidney tubules.
• Renal tubular transport disorders, inborn: Genetic defects in the transporters and channels along the kidney tubules that help to regulate body fluids as well as defects in the receptors and enzymes involved in the process. Examples of such disorders include nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and hereditary renal hypouricemia. Symptoms are determined by the exact nature of the disorder.
• Renal tubulopathy - diabetes mellitus - cerebellar ataxia: A very rare condition characterized by rapidly progressive diabetes, kidney disease and cerebellar ataxia. Symptoms develop during the first five years.
• Resistance to thyroid stimulating hormone: A very rare disorder where the body is unable to respond to thyroid stimulating hormone even though it is present in sufficient quantities. The problem lies in defective thyroid stimulating hormone receptors.
• Respiratory conditions: Any condition that affects the respiratory system
• Respiratory failure: A condition which is due to marked impairment of respiratory function
• Respiratory symptoms: Symptoms affecting the breathing systems.
• Respiratory system cancer: A condition that is characterised by a malignancy anatomically located in the respiratory system
• Retinal telangiectasia and hypogammaglobulinemia: A rare disorder characterized by the association of poor immunity with dilated retinal blood vessels.
• Rhabditida Infections: Infection with a parasitic worm from the order rhabditida. The symptoms are determined by the species involved.
• Rheumatic fever: An inflammatory disorder that can occur as a complication of untreated streptococcal bacterial infection such as strep throat or scarlet fever. The condition may affect the brain, skin, heart and joints.
• Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune inflammatory condition which primarily affects the joints
• Rheumatoid vasculitis: A rare disorder where sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis with joint inflammation develop inflammation of small and medium sized blood vessels. It tends to mostly affect the blood vessels in the skin. The symptoms are determined by which part of the body is affected.
• Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 1: A rare genetic disorder involving abnormal development of bones which causes abnormal calcification of bones near the joints. The genetic defect is located on chromosome 6q22-q24.
• Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata, type 3: A rare genetic disorder involving abnormal development of bones due to a particular enzyme deficiency (alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase). The bones have abnormal calcification of bones near the joints. The genetic defect is located on chromosome 2q31.
• Rhodococcus equi: A rare form of bacterial infection that usually affects horses and foals but can cause infection mainly in immunocompromised people. Infection usually starts at the site of some sort of trauma. Symptoms and severity may vary considerably depending on the location and extent of the infection.
• Rib symptoms: Symptoms affecting the ribs
• Richards-Rundle syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, ataxia, deafness and ketoaciduria.
• Richter syndrome: A rare but serious form of acute adult leukemia. The disease occurs when chronic lymphocytic leukemia transforms into diffuse large cell lymphoma which is a fast-growing form of lymphoma. The condition tends to be more common in older adults.
• Ricketttsialpox: An infectious disease caused by Rickettsia akari and transmitted by mice mites.
• Rieger Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by underdeveloped or absent teeth and craniofacial and eye abnormalities.
• Rieger anomaly - partial lipodystrophy: A very rare disorder characterized by short stature, low birth weight and loss of skin fat. SHORT is an acronym for short stature, hyperextensible joints and/or hernia, ocular depression, Reiger anomaly and teething delay. Additional symptoms are also variably present.
• Rift Valley Fever: Mosquito-borne viral infection affecting animals and humans
• Right parietal lobe syndrome related Alzheimer's disease: Right parietal lobe syndrome related Alzheimer's disease is a variant of Alzheimer's disease that involves abnormalities in a particular part of the brain. It is characterized by Alzheimer's symptoms as well as problems with such things as construction (making things) and drawing as well as denial of their disabilities. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder involving degeneration of the brain. The disease mainly affects brain functions involving thinking, memory, personality and behaviour.
• Riley Shwachman syndrome: A rare condition involving bone changes and exaggerated reflexes.
• Ring chromosome r(2): A chromosomal disorder where a portion of chromosome 2 is deleted and the two ends rejoin to form a ring. The condition causes symptoms such as retarded growth (before and after birth), small head and internal organ defects.
• Ritter syndrome: A rare infantile skin disorder involving severe redness, inflammation, blistering and peeling of skin and mucous membranes which can result from a variety of infections, malignancies and drugs.
• Rocio encephalitis: Inflammation of the brain caused by a flavivirus called Rocio virus. It occurs in south-eastern Brazil with transmission occurring through mosquito bites. The incubation period is 1-2 weeks. Death is not an uncommon outcome.
• Rosai-Dorfman disease: A rare condition characterized by excessive production and accumulation of a particular white blood cell (histiocyte). Accumulation primarily occurs in the lymph nodes, especially in the neck, but may also occur in the skin, central nervous system, digestive tract and kidneys.
• Rubella: A contagious viral infection caused by the Rubella virus which produces a rash and lymph node swelling. It can have serious implication in pregnant women as the virus can be transmitted through the placenta and cause serious fetal defects or even fetal death.
• Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome: A rare congenital disorder characterized by very small stature, broad thumbs and toes, slanted palpebral fissures and hypoplastic maxilla.
• Rubinstein-Taybi like syndrome: A condition characterized by numerous congenital abnormalities including small head, unusual facial features, short stature, broad thumb and big toe and mental retardation.
• Rud Syndrome: A condition characterized by ichthyosis, epilepsy, short stature, hypogonadism and severe mental retardation.
• Rueda-induced lead poisoning: Rueda is a lead-containing folk remedy used mainly by Chinese people to treat infant colic or to calm young children. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Rumination disorder: A chronic eating condition where the stomach contents are regurgitated, rechewed and swallowed again. It tends to occur predominantly in infants, young children and people with mental impairment but it can occur in otherwise healthy individuals. Sufferers often try to hide their condition for fear of being diagnosed as having bulimia. The condition is often misdiagnosed as gastroparesis or bulimia. The regurgitation can occur as soon as the food is swallowed or even up to an hour after finishing eating.
• Rumination disorder, infants: A condition where the stomach contents are regurgitated, rechewed and swallowed again.
• SCID: Major failure of the immune system, usually genetic.
• SHORT Syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by short stature, low birth weight and loss of skin fat. SHORT is an acronym for short stature, hyperextensible joints and/or hernia, ocular depression, Reiger anomaly and teething delay.
• Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by premature joining of certain skull bones during development which has an impact on the shape of the head and face. Features include brachycephaly, ear deformities as well as craniofacial, finger and bone abnormalities.
• Salvioli syndrome: A rare inherited form of bone disease.
• Sandhoff Disease: An inherited biochemical disorder involving a deficiency of the enzyme called hexosaminidase A&B which results in the harmful accumulation of chemicals in the central nervous system and other body tissues.
• Santrinj-induced lead poisoning: Santrinj is a paint primer but is also used as a folk remedy mainly by Saudi Arabian people to treat teething and gum boils. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Saoot-induced lead poisoning: Saoot is a folk remedy used mainly by Middle Eastern people to treat digestive eye injuries, teething and to manage the umbilical stump in newborns. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Sarcoidosis: Rare autoimmune disease usually affecting the lungs.
• Sarcoidosis, pulmonary: A rare disease involving inflammation of the lungs which leads to the development of nodules, fibrosis and scarring of lung tissue.
• Sarcoma: Any cancer of the connective tissue.
• Sassoon hospital syndrome: An epidemic disease caused by a type of fungus (Rhizopus nigricans) found on millet grains.
• Schinzel Giedion Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by many skeletal and genital anomalies, unusual face, mental retardation and kidney malformations.
• Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by myotonia, blepharophimosis and joint limitation.
• Scleroatonic muscular dystrophy: An inherited disorder affecting muscles and resulting in muscle weakness and wasting that starts from birth. The joints closest to the body tend to have limited movement whereas those in the hands and feet tend to be hyperextensible.
• Scleroderma: A rare, progressive connective tissue disorder involving thickening and hardening of the skin and connective tissue. There are a number of forms of scleroderma with some forms being systemic (involving internal organs).
• Scleroderma, systemic: A rare autoimmune connective tissue disease where the body attacks parts of the body and causes scarring and thickness of the tissue. In the systemic form, the skin and organs are involved.
• Sclerosing Cholangitis: Chronic hereditary disease causing inflammation and destruction of the bile ducts in and around the liver with subsequent blockage to bile flow
• Sclerosing Mesenteritis: A rare disorder that affects the lining of the digestive tract. The lining of the small bowel mesentery (membrane that joins small intestine to back of abdominal wall) becomes thickened and inflamed. The condition may be mild or severe enough to cause death. It may occur for no apparent reason or may be associated with previous abdominal surgery and certain inflammatory disorders such as sclerosing cholangitis.
• Seckle syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short stature, microcephaly and a prominent nose.
• Secondary Bone Cancer: Tumour development in bone as a result of spread from a primary malignant tumour from another body site (usually lung bronchus, breast and prostate)
• Secondary syphilis: A condition which is characterized by fever, multiform skin eruptions, iritis, alopecia, mucous patches and severe pain in the head and joints
• Selective Vitamin B12 malabsorption with Proteinuria: A rare genetic blood disorder where a defect in the vitamin B12 receptor means that it can't be absorbed from food during digestion. As a result of the low vitamin B12 levels, the body produces increased numbers of abnormal enlarged red blood cells (megaloblasts).
• Self harm: Actions designed to cause harm inflicted by oneself.
• Senior-Loken Syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 1: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 1 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 2q13. End stage kidney disease usually occurs early in the second decade.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 3: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 3 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 3q22. This form generally has an early onset.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 4: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 4 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 1p36.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 5: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 5 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 3q21.1. This form generally has a later onset.
• Senior-Loken syndrome 6: A rare inherited disorder characterized by kidney dysfunction and progressive eye disease. Type 6 is caused by a chromosomal defect on chromosome 12q21.3. End stage kidney disease usually occurs early in the second decade and vision impairment occurs by 3 years of age.
• Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis: A very rare syndrome characterized by progressive ataxia, eye muscle problems and a speech disorder (dysarthria).
• Septo-Optic Dysplasia: A rare birth defect characterized by impaired vision and pituitary deficiency.
• Serious digitalis intoxication: An adverse reaction to a drug called digitalis. The main symptoms involve heart and/or vision problems and death can occur in some cases.
• Seronegative spondyloarthropathy: Spondyloarthropathy that is negative to rheumatoid facotr
• Severe combined immunodeficiency, T- B+ due to JAK3 deficiency: A recessively inherited immunodeficiency disorder characterized by a lack of circulating T and Natural Killer Cells and a normal level of B cells. The disorder is caused by a defect on the JAK3 gene. Infants may display symptoms such as pancytopenia, skin rash and abnormal liver function due to a graft-versus-host reaction to the mother's T cells via the placenta. If the condition is not treated, death occurs.
• Severe combined immunodeficiency, X-linked: A rare inherited disorder where a genetic mutation results in a deficiency of normal lymphocytes which results in a poorly functioning immune system. Sufferers are prone to infections which would probably be harmless in people with fully functioning immune systems.
• Shaken Baby Syndrome: A condition caused by violent shaking of a baby.
• Shaver's disease: A progressive lung disorder caused by exposure to aluminium oxide which is present in bauxite fumes. The condition involves inflammation and damage to the air sacs in the lungs.
• Sheffield syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by abnormal bone development involving stippled (speckled) calcification of growing ends of long bones. The main features of this disorder are retarded growth, facial anomalies and short end bones in fingers.
• Short Bowel Syndrome: Disorder of shortened bowel usually from bowel surgery.
• Short Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD): A rare disorder where the body lacks enzymes needed to convert some fats (short-chain fatty acids) into energy. Symptoms are exacerbated by fasting or acute illness. The severity of symptoms is variable with some patients remaining virtually asymptomatic their whole life while other suffer symptoms from infancy.
• Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A rare disorder where the body lacks enzymes needed to convert some fats (short-chain fatty acids) into energy.
• Shwachman syndrome: A rare disorder where a pancreatic defect impairs digestive enzyme production and malfunction of the bone marrow produces blood abnormalities, particularly blood cells involved with fighting infection. These defects produce a range of symptoms as a result of malabsorption and poor ability to fight infections. Characterized by a lack of digestive enzymes and low immunity due to low leukocyte level.
• Sickle cell anemia: Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by red blood cells which are crescent-shaped rather than the normal doughnut shape. These abnormally shaped red blood cells are unable to function normally and tend to undergo premature destruction which leads to anemia. If the genetic defect which causes the condition is inherited from both parents the condition can be quite severe whereas if it is inherited from only one parent, often there are no symptoms. The abnormally shaped red blood cells can cause problems when they clump together and block blood vessels.
• Siegler-Brewer-Carey syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by cataracts, ear infections, poor absorption by the intestines, respiratory infections and failure to thrive.
• Silicosiderosis: A lung disorder caused by breathing in dust containing iron and silica.
• Silkworm dropping lung: Inhalation of silkworm dropping particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Silo unloader syndrome: An occupational lung disease that occurs in farm workers who go into a silo and breath in the nitrogen dioxide which are toxic to the body. Death can occur in some cases. Symptoms usually occur within a week of entering the silo.
• Singleton-Merten Syndrome: A very rare disorder involving calcium abnormalities which affect the teeth, bones and blood vessels.
• Sjogren's Syndrome: Autoimmune disease damaging the eye tear ducts and other glands.
• Sleeping pill addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use sleeping pills on a regular basis. Sleeping pills are often prescribed for the treatment of sleeping problems but chronic use can lead to dependence on the drug. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Small Cell Lung Cancer: Small cell lung cancer is a cancer of the small cells which make up some of the lung tissue. It tends to be a more aggressive cancer than large cell lung cancer and can metastasize to other parts of the body. This type of cancer nearly always occurs in a people with a history of smoking.
• Small Intestine Cancer: Cancer of the small intestine.
• Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome: The small bowel is a part of the digestive system. A healthy small bowel contains some bacteria but in bacterial overgrowth syndrome, there are an excessive number of bacteria. Abnormal small bowel muscle function is often associated with conditions such as intestinal motility problems due to neurological diseases and muscular diseases, diabetes mellitus, small intestine obstruction and diverticulitis. It may also be caused by certain medications and abdominal surgeries.
• Small cell lung cancer, adult: Small cell lung cancer is a cancer of the lung tissue which is made up of small cells. It tends to be a more aggressive cancer than large cell lung cancer and can metastasize to other parts of the body.
• Small intestine cancer, adult: Cancer (malignant) that develops in the small intestine of adults.
• Small syndrome: A rare genetic disease characterized by deafness, muscle weakness and wasting, mental retardation and eye disorders.
• Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome: A rare genetic condition involving a severe defect in the process of cholesterol synthesis resulting in low cholesterol levels in cells but high levels of the chemicals that are made into cholesterol.
• Smoldering adult T-Cell leukemia: A form of blood cancer affecting the T-cells which make up the body's immune system. The disease is caused by the HTLV-1 virus (human T-cell leukemia virus) which causes the proliferation of abnormal T-cells. The virus can be transmitted sexually and may lay dormant for decades. There are four subtypes: acute, chronic, lymphoma and smoldering. The acute and lymphoma subtypes have the poorest prognosis. The smoldering form tends to progress even slower than the chronic form and responds the best to treatment.
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A rare type of cancerous tumor that originates in soft tissues of the body which includes muscles, nerves, tendons, blood vessels and fat. They can occur anywhere in the body and are often asymptomatic during the early stages and symptoms in the later stages depend on the location and size of the tumor.
• Solvent abuse: Solvent abuse is the use of various inhalants for the purpose of achieving a "high". They are often used as a cheap, readily available alternative to street drugs but they can cause serious damage to the body. Solvents include nail polish removers, paint thinners, gasoline, typing correction fluid and toxic markers. These solvents can be abused by sniffing them, spraying directly into the mouth, heating them and then inhaling them or injecting them directly into the body.
• Solvent addiction: Solvent addiction refers to the compulsive need to abuse solvents (e.g. sniffing them). Sufferers have withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop the habit and feel unable to stop the habit despite knowing the harm it is causing their health. Solvents are very damaging to the body and can readily result permanent brain damage and even death. Death can occur through chronic use and in rare cases can occur after one session of use. Children and teenagers are particular at risk for this type of addiction - it is readily available and users feel it gains them greater acceptance from their peers. Solvents includes paint thinner, toxic markers, gasoline, cigarette lighter fluid, typing correction fluid and nail polish removers.
• Somatostatinoma: A very rare disorder where tumors in glands that produce somatostatin affect the secretion of the hormone. The tumor mainly occurs in the pancreas but can also occur in the intestinal tract.
• Speech symptoms: Problems with speech or voice.
• Spencer disease: A possibly viral epidemic disease which is occurs during winter and involves a range of gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A rare condition characterized by progressive degeneration of the spinal and brainstem motor neurons. During fetal development excess primary neurons are formed. The body automatically destroys the extra primary neurons so that only some survive and mature into neurons. In spinal muscular dystrophy, the process that destroys the excess primary neurons doesn't switch off and continues destroying the neurons resulting in progressive motor problems. Various types of the condition range from mild to severe enough to cause death within a couple of years of birth.
• Spinal bulbar motor neuropathy: A rare inherited disease that affects the nerves in the spine and in the bulbous (bulbar) part of the brain stem. The main signs are muscle weakness and wasting.
• Spinocerebellar ataxia - amyotrophy - deafness: A very rare syndrome characterized by muscle weakness and wasting, ataxia and deafness.
• Spinocerebellar ataxia 3: A rare genetic disorder (chromosome 14q32.1defect) characterized by . Gait ataxia and dysarthria (speech disorder) also occur and are symptoms common to all the spinocerebellar ataxia types. The duration of the disease is 1-20 years.
• Spira syndrome: Chronic fluoride intoxication that can occur from flouridated water as well as exposure to vapors or dusts from various industries, agricultures or mines. The main symptoms are teeth anomalies and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Spirochetes disease: Infection with a type of bacteria which is often found in mud, sewage and polluted water. Symptoms are determined by the species involved. Diseases caused by this bacteria include Treponema infection and borreliosis.
• Spleen Cancer: Malignancy of white blood cells with tumour deposits in the spleen.
• Spleen neoplasm: A tumor that originates in the spleen.
• Sporotrichosis - disseminated: A fungal infection caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. Usually only the skin is infected but rarely it can spread to other parts of the body such as the bones and even the brain and central nervous system. The condition usually originates from fungal infection of a skin wound or from inhaling the fungus and can be life-threatening.
• Sprue: Malabsorption digestive syndrome
• Squamous Cell Skin Cancer: Aggressive skin cancer arising due to sun exposure; lesions are locally invasive to surrounding tissues and may metastasise
• Stanescu syndrome: A rare disorder involving abnormal bone and cartilage development
• Steroid withdrawal syndrome: Symptoms that can occur when a patient stops taking corticoid medication.
• Still's Disease, Adult-Onset: A form of arthritic inflammation characterized by fever, rash and joint pain that occurs in adults. The cause is unknown.
• Stimmler syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by dwarfism, diabetes, small head and high levels of alanine in the urine.
• Stomach cancer: Stomach or gastric cancer can develop in any part of the stomach and may spread throughout the stomach and to other organs
• Stomach cancer, familial: Cancer of the stomach that tends to run in families.
• Stomatitis: Inflammation of the oral mucous membranes.
• Storm syndrome: A rare progressive genetic disorder characterized by premature aging and heart disease which results in premature death.
• Strongyloidiasis: A parasitic infectious disease involving the intestines and caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. Infection usually occurs in crowded, unsanitized populations.
• Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis: Subacute thyroiditis is a self-limited thyroid condition associated with a triphasic clinical course of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and return to normal thyroid function.
• Suberosis: Inhalation of cork particles contaminated with mould in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the mould in the airborne cork particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Sucrase-isomaltase malabsorption, congenital: A rare disorder where a congenital deficiency of an enzyme (sucrase-isomaltase) prevents the absorption of sucrose and isomaltose consumed in the diet.
• Sucrase-isomaltose malabsorption, congenital: A rare disorder where a congenital deficiency of an enzyme (sucrase-isomaltase) prevents the absorption of sucrose and isomaltose consumed in the diet.
• Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A rare condition where the third portion of the duodenum is compressed between two large blood vessels - the aorta and superior mesenteric artery.
• Surma-induced lead poisoning: Surma is a black powder used as a cosmetic as well as a folk remedy by Middle East people to treat teething. This folk remedy has the potential to cause lead poisoning due to its relatively high content of lead. Children are more susceptible to the effects of lead. The use of folk remedies is still prevalent in some cultures. Lead poisoning can result in serious illness and even death in severe cases.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 1: Susceptibility to celiac disease 1 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 6p21.3) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 10: Susceptibility to celiac disease 10 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 3q25-q26) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 11: Susceptibility to celiac disease 11 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 3q28) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 12: Susceptibility to celiac disease 12 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 6q25) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 13: Susceptibility to celiac disease 13 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 12q24) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 2: Susceptibility to celiac disease 2 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 5q31-q33) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 3: Susceptibility to celiac disease 3 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 2q33) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 4: Susceptibility to celiac disease 4 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 19p13.1) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 5: Susceptibility to celiac disease 5 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 15q11-q13) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 6: Susceptibility to celiac disease 6 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 4q27) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 7: Susceptibility to celiac disease 7 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 1q133) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 8: Susceptibility to celiac disease 8 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 2q11-q12) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Susceptibility to Celiac Disease 9: Susceptibility to celiac disease 9 is a term allocated to a genetic defect on a particular chromosome (chromosome 3p21) which makes a patient more susceptible to developing celiac disease. However, it is important to note that having the genetic anomaly does not mean a person will definitely develop celiac disease. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Syphilis: A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria (Treponema pallidum). The condition is often asymptomatic in the early stages but one or more sores may be present in the early stages. Untreated syphilis usually results in remission of visible symptoms but further severe damage may occur to internal organs and other body tissues which can result in death.
• Systemic Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Onset of JRA with fevers and systemic symptoms
• Systemic lupus erythematosus: chronic autoimmune disease that can be fatal, though with recent medical advances, fatalities are becoming increasingly rare.
• T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Cancer of particular white blood cells called T-cells. Precursors to white blood cells are called blasts and are made by the bone marrow but in ALL the blasts are abnormal and do not develop into lymphocytes. Instead, the abnormal blasts or leukemic cells multiply rapidly and reduce the level of other types of blood cells such as red blood cells and platelets.
• T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia and nail dystrophy: A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by alopecia, abnormal nails and immunodeficiency (T-cell).
• T-cell lymphoma 1A: T-cell lymphoma 1A is a type of cancer that has genetic origins. The genetic defect is located on chromosome 14q32.1. The anomaly is usually implicated in t-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. The cancer is usually aggressive and tends to target the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, spleen and skin. The cancer is generally quite rare and tends to occur in people over the age of 30.
• Taeniasis: An infection with a type of tapeworm
• Tapeworms: Parasitic worm infestation of digestive or other organs.
• Tay Sachs: Rare genetic disease leading to fatty deposits in the brain.
• Temporal arteritis: Inflamed head artery causing headache.
• Thatched Roof disease: Inhalation of thatched roof particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Thinness: Underweight and thin
• Thoracic outlet syndrome TOS: A rare disorder involving compression or damage to the nerves and blood vessels that go from the neck to the arms or armpit. It may occur as a birth defect or through some sort of traumato the shoulder area. It can causes symptoms such as arm pain and weakness and can occur on one or both sides depending on the nature of the cause.
• Thyrocerebral-retinal syndrome: A very rare syndrome observed in a brother and sister and characterized by thyroid, kidney and neurological disease.
• Thyroid agenesis: A rare disorder where the thyroid fails to develop resulting in hypothyroidism from birth.
• Thyroid disorders: Any disorder of the thyroid gland.
• Thyrotoxicosis: hypermetabolic clinical syndrome resulting from serum elevations in thyroid hormone levels, specifically free thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), or both.
• Tick-borne encephalitis: A viral infection (flavivirdae) of the central nervous system which is transmitted by ticks. Ticks usually feed on small rodents who are the main carriers of the virus. Transmission may also occur through the consumption of untreated milk. The incubation period is usually 1 to 2 weeks. The symptoms occur in two phases: the first involves symptoms of a general viral illness (fever, headache, nausea, aching muscles) followed by a period of remission and then central nervous system inflammation such as meningitis. However, many patients only suffer the first phase of the disease.
• Tobacco Worker's disease: Inhalation of mold on tobacco in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Toni-Fanconi syndrome type 1:
• Toxic mushrooms - Renal toxic (orelline): Some mushrooms (Amanita smithiana) contain chemicals (allenic norleucine, chlorocrotyglycine) which can cause kidney damage.
• Tranquilizer addiction: An uncontrollable desire to use tranquilizers on a regular basis. Tranquilizers are often prescribed for the treatment of anxiety and sleeping problems but chronic use can lead to dependence on the drug. Frequent use leads to an increased tolerance to the drug so higher and higher doses are required to achieve the desired euphoric feeling.
• Transitional cell carcinoma: A type of cancer that occurs in the lining of the urinary system organs (renal pelvis, bladder or ureter).
• Transposition of great arteries: A congenital malformation where the aorta and pulmonary artery are transposed which causes oxygenated blood from the lungs to be sent back to the lungs and de-oxygenated blood to be sent to body tissues. Often there is some other defect such as an opening in the heart chambers which allows mixing of the blood and hence survival is possible for a short while at least.
• Treponema infection: A rare infectious diseases which is transmitted through sexual contact and caused by Treponema pallidum (a spirochete bacterium). Untreated cases can result in severe complications and even death.
• Trigeminal neuralgia: Trigeminal neuralgia is a very painful inflammation of the nerve (trigeminal nerve) that delivers sensations to the face and "surface" of the eye.
• Trisomy 10 mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 10 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Trisomy 13 mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 13 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect. There appears to be a direct correlation between the number of cells in the body containing the chromosomal defect and severity of symptoms and survival.
• Trisomy 14 Mosaic: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by retarded growth before and after birth, mental retardation, developmental delay and various physical abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms may vary between patients.
• Trisomy 14 Mosaicism Syndrome: A rare chromosomal disorder characterized by retarded growth before and after birth, mental retardation, developmental delay and various physical abnormalities. The type and severity of symptoms may vary considerably between patients depending on how many of the body's cells have the extra genetic material.
• Trisomy 18 Syndrome: A rare genetic chromosomal syndrome where the child has an extra third copy of chromosome 18. Most fetuses are aborted before term, but a live birth with this condition occurs with a frequency around 1-in-3000. Edwards syndrome is more severe than the more common Down syndrome. Edwards syndrome causes mental retardation and numerous physical defects that often cause an early infant death. The condition has variable severity depending on how many of the body's cells have the extra chromosome and how much of the extra chromosome is duplicated. In severe forms all cells have an extra copy of the complete chromosome 18 whereas milder forms may have only some cells having the extra chromosome. Other mild forms may have an extra copy of only part of chromosome 18 in some or all of the body cells.
• Trisomy 18 mosaicism: A rare genetic chromosomal syndrome where the child has an extra third copy of chromosome 18 in only some of the body's cells. It is a less severe form of Edwards syndrome - the most severe form involves and extra copy of chromosome 18 in all of the body's cells. The severity of the condition is highly variable depending on how many of the body's cells are involved.
• Trisomy 22 mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 22 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Trisomy 3 mosaicism: A very rare chromosomal disorder where there is an extra copy of chromosome 3 in some of the body's cells. Some cases with this chromosomal abnormality have no clinical symptoms. The presence of abnormalities in some cases is dependent on which body cells contain the chromosomal defect.
• Troell-Junet syndrome: A disorder involving enlarged extremities, diabetes, skull abnormalities and excessive thyroid hormone production.
• Tropical sprue: A rare digestive disease where the small intestine can't absorb nutrients properly.
• Truncus Arteriosus: A rare congenital heart vessel abnormality where the heart has only one artery coming out of it which forms the aorta and pulmonary artery and delivers blood to the body and the lungs. Normally the blood flow to the body and the lungs is carried out through separate blood vessels.
• Tuberculosis: Bacterial infection causing nodules forming, most commonly in the lung.
• Tuberculosis, pulmonary: Lung infection caused by a contagious bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection occurs through inhalation of contaminants from infected people. Infection may spread from the lungs to other organs. The infection may incubate for years, be asymptomatic or produced symptoms within weeks. Immunocompromised people may suffer severe symptoms.
• Tularemia: A rare infections disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis (a gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacillus). Transmission occurs through contact with infected animals or there habitats e.g. bites from infected insects or other animals, eating infected wild animals, contact with contaminated water and soil. Symptoms can vary greatly depending on the method of infection. For example infection through inhalation can cause symptoms similar to pneumonia, eating infected animals can cause a sore throat and abdominal symptoms and transmission through the skin can cause result in a painful skin ulcer.
• Turcot syndrome: A rare inherited disorder characterized by benign growths on the inside of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system tumors.
• Turner Syndrome: Rare chromosome syndrome with one X but no second X or Y chromosome.
• Turner syndrome associated Celiac Disease: Females with Turner syndrome are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Type 1 diabetes related Celiac Disease: Patients with Type 1 diabetes are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Tyrosinemia: A rare genetic metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of particular enzymes which prevents the breakdown of tyrosine which then builds up in the liver.
• UDP-Galactose-4-epimerase deficiency: A condition which is characterised by a mutation in the UDP-galactose-4-epimerase gene.
• Ulcerative colitis: Ulcerative colitis (Colitis ulcerosa, UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative colitis is a form of colitis, a disease of the intestine, specifically the large intestine or colon, that includes characteristic ulcers, or open sores, in the colon.
• Ulerythema ophryogenesis: A rare genetic disorder involving a slowly spreading redness of the eyebrows and cheeks followed by damage to the skin and loss of eyebrows.
• Undereating: Eating too little food.
• Unusual facies, arachnodactyly, hypogenitalism and failure to thrive: A very rare syndrome characterized by an unusual facial appearance, small genitals, failure to thrive and long, thin fingers.
• Urban Roger Meyer syndrome: A syndrome which is characterised by genital anomalies, mental retardation, and obesity
• Urea Cycle Disorders: Any disorder that affects the urea cycle.
• Uremia: Build up of toxins usually excreted by the kidneys, associated with real failure in a woman who is pregnant.
• Urinary tract infection: Infection of the urinary tract
• Urinary tract infections (child): Infection of the urinary system in children.
• Urocanase deficiency: A condition characterised by the deficiency of the urocanase enzyme
• VATER association: An association of congenital abnormalities that consists of vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial and renal dysplasia
• Vacuolar myopathy: A term used to describe a group of conditions involving degeneration of the spinal cord. It is most often seen in AIDS patients but also occurs in conditions such as inherited muscle diseases and other neuromuscular conditions.
• Vagneur Triolle Ripert syndrome: A condition that is characterised by lymphoedema of the lower extremities and recurrent respiratory system problems
• Valinemia: A very rare metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme valine transaminase results in increased blood and urine levels of the amino acid called valine.
• Valproic acid antenatal infection: A condition which usually occurs in a fetus due to the mother taking valproic acid for epileptic seizures
• Van Goethem syndrome: A syndrome which is characterised by multiple birth defects.
• Vanadium poisoning: A type of heavy metal poisoning caused by excessive exposure to vanadium.
• Varicella virus antenatal infection: The infection of a mother with the varicella virus whilst she is pregnant
• Varicella zoster: A highly contagious disease caused by herpes virus 3
• Vasculitis: A condition which is characterized by inflammation to blood vessels
• Vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus: A condition which is characterised by normal renal filtration and solute excretion however there is a persistent hypotonic urine
• Ventricular septal defect: An abnormal connection between the 2 lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart.
• Ventriculo-arterial discordance, isolated: A rare birth disorder where the right atrium is connected to the left ventricle and vice versa. The position of the heart ventricles is also inverted which allows normal blood oxygenation. Symptoms generally only occur later in life or if other heart defects are present which is usually the case.
• Vibrio: An organism of the genus Vibrio or other spiral motile organism
• Vibrio vulnificus infection: The infection by the vibrio vulnificus bacteria
• Vipoma: A rare disorder caused by an increase in secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide by the pancreas. The syndrome is often caused by an islet-cell tumor (except for beta cells) in the pancreas.
• Viral digestive infections: Any virus that infects the gastrointestinal tract causing a medical condition
• Viral hemorrhagic fever: A group of diseases caused by viruses which cause damage to blood vessels and result in hemorrhages and fever. The hemorrhaging does not always cause serious bleeding. The specific symptoms may vary depending on which particular virus is involved.
• Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar): A rare infectious disease caused by any of a number of parasitic Leishmania species. Infection can cause any of three different manifestations: cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucosal leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis infection involves the spleen, liver and bone marrow and can be fatal if untreated.
• Visceral neuropathy, familial, autosomal dominant: A dominantly inherited gastrointestinal disorder where the intestinal walls are unable to contract normally to move digested material through the system which produces symptoms similar to an obstruction in the intestinal tract.
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A deficiency of Vitamin B12 primarily causes anemias the body is unable to make sufficient quantities of normal red blood cells. Severe cases can lead to permanent nervous system problems. The vitamin B12 deficiency can result from absorption problems, insufficient dietary intake, certain medications (e.g. metformin), inherited conditions (e.g. transcobalamin deficiency) and certain chronic parasitic intestinal infestations.
• Vitamin D - adverse effects: Excessive use of vitamin D supplements can cause symptoms.
• Vitamin D toxicity: Excessive consumption of vitamin D can cause symptoms of toxicity.
• Von Gierke Disease: An inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase prevents glycogen being turned into glucose leading to a buildup of glycogen in the liver and kidneys.
• Von Gierke disease IA: A genetic metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase which results in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues. G6P is stored as glycogen until the body needs to convert it to a sugar and use it to create energy. The enzyme deficiency prevents the conversion and hence low blood sugar levels result.
• Von Gierke disease IB: A metabolic disorder involving a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (due to a G6P transporter defect) which results in the accumulation of glycogen in various tissues and a reduced blood sugar level. The condition is characterized primarily by an increased risk of bacterial infections due to impaired neutrophil activity which is needed to fight bacterial invasions.
• WAGR Syndrome: A syndrome that is due to the deletion of chromosome 11.
• WDHA syndrome: A syndrome characterized by watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria.
• WT limb blood syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by blood and limb abnormalities.
• Wagener syndrome: A disorder involving the association of hypertension, arteriosclerosis, thickened heart muscle and severe neuroretinitis.
• Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: A rare disorder involving malignancy of the lymph and blood cells.
• Wasting Syndrome: AIDS related wasting syndrome is the involuntary loss of more than 10% of the body weight plus more than 30 days of either diarrhoea or weakness and fever. It is linked to disease progression and death.
• Watson syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by short stature, reduced intelligence, café au lait spots and narrowing of pulmonary valves.
• Weaver Syndrome: A syndrome that is considered a variant of the Marshall-Smith syndrome
• Weber-Christian disease: A form of panniculitis involving fever and liver and spleen enlargement.
• Wegener's granulomatosis: A rare disease involving blood vessel inflammation which can affect the blood flow to various tissues and organs and hence cause damage. The respiratory system and the kidneys are the main systems affected.
• Weight cycling: The cyclic changing of a persons weight
• Weight gain: Gain of body weight.
• Weight loss in children:
• Weight loss in pregnancy: Loss of weight in a woman who is pregnant
• Weight symptoms: Symptoms related to body weight.
• Welander distal myopathy, Swedish type: A very slowly progressing muscle fiber degeneration that starts as mild weakness in the small muscles of hands and feet and may eventually spread to neighbouring muscles.
• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: A rare degenerative brain disorder caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency. Chronic alcoholics are prone to this condition.
• West African Trypanosomiasis: West African sleeping sickness from the tsetse fly
• Wheat intolerance: A condition that is characterised by an intolerance to wheat
• Whipple's Disease: Rare malabsorption disease from bacterial digestive infection
• Whipworm: Any nematode of the genus trichuris
• Whole-body acute irradiation - hematopoietic syndrome: Tissue injury can result from exposure to radiation. The radiation dose, rate of dosing and tissues irradiated will determine the severity and type of symptoms. The effects may be chronic, delayed or acute. Hematopoietic syndrome involves exposure of the whole body to radiation of 200-1,000 rads.
• Whooping Cough: An infectious condition caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis
• Wieacker syndrome: A rare disorder involving muscle weakness and wasting, foot deformities, mental retardation and face muscle anomalies.
• William's syndrome associated Celiac Disease: Patients with William's syndrome are more susceptible to developing celiac disease than the average population. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by intolerance to gluten by the small intestine. The type and severity of symptoms varies amongst people - some people have severe gastrointestinal symptoms from infancy whereas other have no symptoms other than fatigue or anemia during adulthood.
• Williams Syndrome: A syndrome characterised by mental retardation, facial abnormalities and emotional instability
• Wilms tumor 2: A familial form malignant kidney tumor that occurs in children. Type 2 differs from other forms of Wilms tumor by the origin of the genetic defect (chromosome 11p15.5).
• Wilms tumor 3: A dominantly inherited form malignant kidney tumor that occurs in children. Type 3 differs from other forms of Wilms tumor by the origin of the genetic defect (chromosome 16q).
• Wilms tumor 4: A familial form malignant kidney tumor that occurs in children. Type 4 differs from other forms of Wilms tumor by the origin of the genetic defect (chromosome 17q12-q21).
• Wilms tumor and radial bilateral aplasia: A condition that is characterised by bilateral aplasia of the kidneys and wilms tumor
• Wilms' tumor: A malignant kidney tumor that occurs in children.
• Wilson's disease: Wilson disease, or hepatolenticular degeneration, is a neurodegenerative disease of copper metabolism.
• Wine Grower's lung: Inhalation of grape mold particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Winkelman Bethfe Pfeiffer syndrome: A syndrome that is characterised by sensorineural deafness and pituitary dwarfism
• Wittwer sydnrome: A syndrome that is characterised by the occurrence of growth retardation, blindness, hearing loss, dysmorphic features, epilepsy, mental retardation and the absence of speech
• Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome: A form of amyloidosis that is inherited from the parents
• Wolcott-Rallison syndrome: A very rare genetic condition characterized primarily by the onset of diabetes mellitus during infancy and epiphyseal dysplasia (abnormal joint development).
• Wolf-Hirschorn syndrome: A syndrome characterised by the partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4
• Wolfram Syndrome 2: Wolfram Syndrome is a condition characterized by the association of diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness. Type 2 is the result of a genetic defect and is similar to type 1 but there is no diabetes insipidus and patients tend to develop gastrointestinal problems.
• Wolfram's disease: A condition that is inherited and consists of multiple symptoms
• Wolman Disease with Hypolipoproteinemia and Acanthocytosis: A very rare condition characterized by the symptoms of Wolman disease (lipid malabsorption, vomiting, growth failure, adrenal calcification) and low blood lipoprotein levels and acanthocytosis.
• Wolman disease: A rare inherited lipid storage disease. The condition usually results in death early in life.
• Wolman syndrome: A form of lipoidosis where acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase deficiency causes an accumulation of lipids (particularly cholesterol esters and triglycerides) in tissues and organs.
• Wood trimmer's disease: Inhalation of wood trimming particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woods Leversha Rogers syndrome: A condition which is characterised by severe intrauterine growth retardation with an increase in the sensitivity to mitomycin C sensitivity
• Woodworker's lung: Inhalation of a wood particles in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood particles. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Cedar dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the Cedar tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Mahogany dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the mahogany tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Maple dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the maple tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Oak dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the oak tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Pine dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the pine tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Woodworker's lung - Spruce dust: Inhalation of a wood dust from the spruce tree in an occupational setting can cause various lung symptoms. The severity of symptoms varies depending on the duration of the exposure. The lung symptoms result from the body's immune system reacting to exposure to the wood dust. Chronic exposure can lead to progressive lung symptoms which can gradually lead to symptoms such as weight loss and eventually lung scarring and possibly even respiratory failure in severe cases. Acute exposure results in symptoms such as fever, chills, shortness of breath and body aches.
• Worm conditions: Any condition that is caused by infestation of worms
• Wrinkly skin syndrome: A very rare genetic disorder characterized by wrinkly skin that occurs primarily on the palms and soles but can occur on other parts of the body. The condition is also associated with various other abnormalities.
• X fragile site folic acid type: A fragile X syndrome that is characterised by mental retardation and developmental delay
• X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Immune deficiency from lack of antibodies.
• X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy - Addison disease only: A rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of the protective sheath around nerves resulting in increasing difficulty. The Addison disease only form causes symptoms of Addison disease.
• X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X): An x-linked condition that features mental retardation, dysmorphic features, and alpha thalassemia
• X-linked mental retardation - hypotonia: A very rare inherited disorder characterized primarily by mental retardation. Initial symptoms of muscle weakness gives way to spasticity and contractures.
• Xanthine oxydase deficiency: The deficiency of an enzyme that is involved in the degradation of purine
• Xanthinuria: A hereditary condition that is characterised by a disorder of purine metabolism
• Yolk sack tumour: A germ cell tumour that is a proliferation of yolk sack endoderm
• Yorifuji Okuno syndrome: A condition that is characterised by pancreatic insufficiency and heart disease
• ZAP70 deficiency: A condition characterised by a deficiency of the Zap70 tyrosine kinase which is a component
• Zellweger Syndrome: Zellweger spectrum disorders are a group of rare, genetic, multisystem disorders that were once thought to be separate entities. These disorders are now classified as different expressions (variants) of one disease process. Collectively, they form a spectrum or continuum of disease. Zellweger syndrome is the most severe form; neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy is the intermediate form; and infantile Refsum disease is the mildest form.
• Zenker's diverticulum: Zenker's diverticulum, is a diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharynx, just above the cricopharyngeal muscle.
• Zinc deficiency: When there is a deficiency of zinc in an individuals body
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: A rare disorder where excessive levels of the hormone gastrin are released into the stomach which increases stomach acidity which results in peptic ulcer development. A hormone secreting pancreatic or duodenal tumor is usually the cause.

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