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Are the palpitations constant or intermittent? Constant palpitations may signify tachycardia, and that would suggest hyperthyroidism or overuse of caffeine and other drugs. Intermittent palpitations are more likely related ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Is there a positive alcohol or drug history? It is well known that alcohol can cause a myocardiopathy. Atropine, caffeine, and many other substances can cause a tachycardia.
Is the heart rate below 160 ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Could the murmur be extracardiac in origin? Extracardiac murmurs include the pericardial friction rub and cardiorespiratory murmurs.
Is the murmur continuous? A continuous murmur is most often due to a patent ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Palpitations are the subjective sensation of the heart beating rapidly, strongly, or irregularly. It often means that a rapid heart rate is occurring, but it can also be seen even when the heart rate is normal, such as in anxious patients. The patient should be... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Tachycardia is defined by a heart rate ≥100 beats per minute. Most tachyarrhythmias occur as a result of triggered activity, increased automaticity, or re-entry circuits. A 12-lead ECG is essential to determining the type of tachyarrhythmia present. Wide complex... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Diastolic heart murmurs are never normal and should always be further evaluated, in contrast to systolic murmurs, which are commonly benign or due to rapid flow rates. The part of the cardiac cycle that the murmur falls into (e.g. early, middle, or late) will help... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Systolic heart murmurs, in contrast to diastolic murmurs, may be normal or abnormal, although when coupled with a heave they are always abnormal. The part of the cardiac cycle that the murmur falls into (e.g., early, middle, or late) will help determine... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Most tachycardias in children are supraventricular and well tolerated, allowing time for proper evaluation and diagnosis. Cardiovascular collapse is rare but more common in those with a history of congenital heart disease and/or cardiac surgery.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... The first consideration on hearing a heart murmur is to determine whether the murmur is functional or organic. Certainly, the low-grade systolic murmurs tend to be functional; if the murmur changes or disappears on position, inspiration, or exercise it is
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Tachycardia, like dyspnea, is usually a sign that the tissues are not getting enough oxygen to meet their demands. To recall a list of causes pathophysiology is applied. If tachycardia results from anoxia then the causes can be developed on the
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... Because anxiety is the common cause of palpitations, there is a tremendous temptation to jump to this conclusion as the cause in an otherwise healthy looking individual. If we use the mnemonic VINDICATE, we may avoid a misdiagnosis in many cases.
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
Timing can... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Defined as a conscious awareness of one’s heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping, turning, fluttering, or flopping or as missing or skipping beats. Palpitations... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported first by the patient,... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A biferious pulse is a hyperdynamic, double-beating pulse characterized by two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip. Both peaks may be equal or either may be larger; usually, however, the first peak is taller or more forceful than the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or of a “racing” heart. This common sign normally occurs in... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Systolic
Early systolic
Physiologic (innocent)
Small ventricular septal defect
Large ventricular septal
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... Palpitation without Arrhythmia
Noncardiac disorders
Anxiety
Exercise
Anemia
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
Timing can be characterized as... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Defined as a conscious awareness of one’s heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping, turning, fluttering, or flopping, or as missing or skipping beats.... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic, and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported... Emergency Interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... A bisferious pulse is a hyperdynamic, double-beating pulse characterized by two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip. Both peaks may be equal or either may be larger; usually, however, the first peak is taller or more forceful than... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers
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... Characterized by a deep, low-pitched grunting sound at the end of each breath, grunting respirations are a chief sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. They may be soft and heard only on auscultation, or loud and clearly audible... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse rate, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/ minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or a “racing” heart. This common sign... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... David M. Schneider
Palpitations (PPTs), defined as an uncomfortable or abnormal awareness of the heart beat, are common in primary care patients. In one study, recurrent symptoms occurred in 75% of patients and 33% reported lower quality of life,... Approach ... History ... Physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Gehan Devendra
Tachycardia is commonly found in both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. It can be either physiologic or pathologic and is defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats/ minute. Tachycardia can initiate in two main... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment
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... David E. Anisman and Gerald F. Farnell
A diastolic murmur is a finding that provides a clue to an underlying disease process. Unlike their systolic counterparts (Chapter 7.7), diastolic murmurs almost always indicate... Approach ... History ... Physical examination (PE) ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Dale Bishop
Systolic murmurs can herald significant clinical deterioration and sudden death, or they can represent stable or clinically insignificant conditions. Although technologic advances in cardiac diagnostic testing continue, auscultation... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Sinus tachycardia
❑ Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
❑ Atrial fibrillation
❑ Atrial flutter
&... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Aortic regurgitation
❑ Pulmonic regurgitation
❑ Mitral stenosis
❑ Tricuspid stenosis
❑ Atrial... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Systolic ejection murmur
❑ Mitral regurgitation
❑ Mitral valve prolapse
❑ Aortic stenosis
&... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Aortic stenosis/aortic insufficiency
❑ Pericardial friction rub
❑ Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Defined as a conscious awareness of one’s heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping, turning, fluttering, or flopping or as missing or skipping beats. Palpitations may be regular or... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported first by the patient, who... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Characterized by a deep, low-pitched grunting sound at the end of each breath, grunting respirations are a chief sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. They may be soft and heard only on auscultation, or loud and clearly audible without a stethoscope. Typically, the... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or of a “racing” heart. This common sign normally occurs in response to emotional or... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They’re classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality. (See Classifying murmurs.) ... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Defined as a conscious awareness of one’s own heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping, turning, fluttering, or flopping, or as missing or skipping beats. Palpitations may be... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic, and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A bisferiens pulse is a hyperdynamic, double-beating pulse characterized by two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip. Both peaks may be equal or either may be larger; usually, however, the first peak is taller or more forceful than the second... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Characterized by a deep, low-pitched grunting sound at the end of each breath, grunting respirations are a chief sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. They may be soft and heard only on auscultation, or loud and clearly audible without a stethoscope. Typically, the intensity... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or of a “racing” heart. This common sign... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Normal murmursare due to turbulence of normal blood flow. A normal murmur does not result insymptoms. Cardiovascular exam, chest radiograph, and ECG are normal.Other terms used to signify a normal murmur are benign, insignificant,or... Principal Causes of Heart Murmurs (Asymptomatic) ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Murmurs are auscultatory sounds heard within the heart chambers or major arteries. They're classified by their timing and duration in the cardiac cycle, auscultatory location, loudness, configuration, pitch, and quality.
Timing can be characterized as systolic ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Defined as a conscious awareness of one's heartbeat, palpitations are usually felt over the precordium or in the throat or neck. The patient may describe them as pounding, jumping, turning, fluttering, or flopping or as missing or skipping beats.... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... An abnormal pulse rhythm is an irregular expansion and contraction of the peripheral arterial walls. It may be persistent or sporadic and rhythmic or arrhythmic. Detected by palpating the radial or carotid pulse, an abnormal rhythm is typically reported first by the... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... A biferious pulse is a hyperdynamic, double-beating pulse characterized by two systolic peaks separated by a midsystolic dip. Both peaks may be equal or either may be larger; usually, however, the first peak is taller or more forceful than the second. The first peak ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Characterized by a deep, low-pitched grunting sound at the end of each breath, grunting respirations are a chief sign of respiratory distress in infants and children. They may be soft and heard only on auscultation, or loud and clearly audible without... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching
... READ EXCERPTS »
... Easily detected by counting the apical, carotid, or radial pulse, tachycardia is a heart rate greater than 100 beats/minute. The patient with tachycardia usually complains of palpitations or of a “racing” heart. This common sign normally occurs in response to... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
The first consideration on hearing a heart murmur is to determine
whether the murmur is functional or organic. Certainly, the low-grade
systolic murmurs tend to be functional; if the murmur changes or disappears
on position, inspiration,... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Tachycardia, like dyspnea, is usually a sign that the tissues are not
getting enough oxygen to meet their demands. To recall a list of causes,
pathophysiology is applied. If tachycardia results from anoxia then
the causes can be developed on... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
A person with atrial fibrillation has two options; they can remain in atrial fibrillation or restore sinus rhythm. Learn the factors that may have an...
Sexual contact can sometimes result in problems. An unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases may be some of those consequences. But by...
Health insurance is important to everyone, especially people with chronic conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Tune in to...