Diagnosis of Tardive Dyskinesia
Tardive Dyskinesia Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Diagnostic Tests for Tardive Dyskinesia: Online Medical Books
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Stomatitis and other oral infections:
Diagnosis
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Diagnosis is based on the physical examination; in Vincent’s angina, a smear of ulcer exudate allows for identification of the causative organism.
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Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Dystonia:
History and physical examination
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If possible, include the patient’s family in history taking; they may be more aware of behavior changes than the patient is. Begin by asking them when dystonia occurs. Is it aggravated by emotional upset? Does it disappear during sleep? Is there a family history of dystonia? Obtain a drug history, noting especially the use of a phenothiazine or an antipsychotic. Dystonia is a common adverse effect of these drugs, and the dosage may need to be adjusted to minimize this effect.
Next, examine the patient’s coordination and voluntary muscle movement. Observe his gait as he walks across the room; then have him squeeze your fingers to assess muscle strength. (See Recognizing dystonia.) Check coordination by having him touch your fingertip and then his nose repeatedly. Follow this by testing gross motor movement of the leg: Have him place his heel on one knee, slide it down his shin to the top of his great toe, and then return it to his knee. Finally, assess fine-motor movement by asking him to touch each finger to his thumb in succession.
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Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Orofacial dyskinesia:
History and physical examination
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient abruptly displays orofacial dyskinesia, review his medication regimen. If he’s taking a phenothiazine or other antipsychotic, withhold the drug if possible, and prepare to give 50 mg of diphenhydramine to reverse the drug’s effects. If he has difficulty swallowing, take precautions necessary to prevent aspiration and choking and have suction equipment on hand.
If the patient’s dyskinesia is chronic, ask when it began. Then obtain a complete drug history. Also, note a history of seizures. Next, closely examine the patient’s dyskinesia. Is it unilateral or bilateral? Does it involve the entire face or only part of it? Are neck muscles involved? Does the patient have any voluntary control over the movements? Characterize the abnormal movements. Are they constant, or repetitive and intermittent? Listen to his speech—does it sound abnormal? Can he swallow?
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Stomatitis and other oral infections:
Diagnosis
(Handbook of Diseases)
Physical examination allows diagnosis. A smear of ulcer exudate allows identification of the causative organism.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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