Diagnostic Tests for Testicular Cancer
Testicular Cancer: Diagnostic Tests
The list of diagnostic tests
mentioned in various sources as
used in the diagnosis of Testicular Cancer
includes:
Testicular Cancer Tests: Book Excerpts
Home Diagnostic Testing
These home medical tests may be relevant to Testicular Cancer:
- Home STD Testing
- Colon & Rectal Cancer: Home Testing
- Sexuality & Libido: Home Testing:
- Liver Health & Hepatitis: Home Testing
- Cancer-Related Home Testing:
Testicular Cancer Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Diagnostic Tests for Testicular Cancer: Online Medical Books
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Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the diagnostic tests for Testicular Cancer.
SCROTAL SWELLING:
DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
Routine laboratory tests include a CBC, sedimentation rate, urinalysis, urine culture, and urethral smear. If prostatic disease is suspected, a PSA should be ordered. If intestinal obstruction is suspected, a flat plate of the abdomen and lateral decubiti should be ordered. A radionuclide testicular scan with technetium-99m is useful in differentiating between testicular torsion and epididymitis. Scrotal ultrasound may be done to evaluate any kind of testicular or scrotal mass. However, it is much less costly to refer the patient to a urologist.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs, 2003
TESTICULAR ATROPHY:
DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
Unilateral testicular atrophy usually requires no workup as long as there are no complaints of sexual infertility or impotence. A smear and culture of any urethral discharge should be done. Sometimes, prostatic massage may be necessary to obtain a good specimen.
The workup of bilateral testicular atrophy may include a serum testosterone, FSH, urine gonadotrophins, and chromosome studies to rule out Klinefelter's syndrome; liver function tests and liver biopsy to rule out cirrhosis and hemochromatosis; and EMG and muscle biopsies to rule out myotonia atrophica. A testicular biopsy may be necessary ultimately. A urologist will be consulted long before most of these tests would be performed.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs, 2003
TESTICULAR SWELLING:
DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
A CBC, sedimentation rate, urinalysis, chemistry panel, and VDRL test should be done routinely. If a tumor of the testicle is suspected, 24-hr urine gonadotrophins and alpha-fetoprotein levels may be ordered. If there is a urethral discharge, a smear and culture should be done. If a hernia is strongly suspected, a general surgeon should be consulted. Testicular scans with technetium-99m will help distinguish torsion of the testicle from orchitis or epididymitis. Scrotal ultrasound may be useful in differentiating a hematoma, abscess, or rupture from orchitis. It may also be helpful in evaluating testicular tumors. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis may be necessary to rule out metastasis.
The expense of some or all of these tests may be avoided by consulting a urologist early in the diagnostic workup.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs, 2003
Scrotal swelling:
History and physical examination
(Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition))
If the patient isn’t in distress, proceed with the history. Ask about injury to the scrotum, urethral discharge, cloudy urine, increased urinary frequency, and dysuria. Is the patient sexually active? When was his last sexual contact? Does he have a history of sexually transmitted disease? Find out about recent illnesses, particularly mumps. Does he have a history of prostate surgery or prolonged catheterization? Does changing his body position or level of activity affect the swelling?
Take the patient’s vital signs, especially noting a fever, and palpate his abdomen for tenderness. Then examine the entire genital area. Assess the scrotum with the patient supine and standing. Note its size and color. Is the swelling unilateral or bilateral? Do you see signs of trauma or bruising? Are there rashes or lesions present? Gently palpate the scrotum for a cyst or lump. Note especially tenderness or increased firmness. Check the testicles’position in the scrotum. Finally, transilluminate the scrotum to distinguish a fluid-filled cyst from a solid mass. (A solid mass can’t be transilluminated.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Signs & Symptoms (Third Edition), 2006
Scrotal swelling:
History and physical examination
(Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition))
If the patient isn’t in distress, proceed with the history. Ask about injury to the scrotum, urethral discharge, cloudy urine, increased urinary frequency, and dysuria. Is the patient sexually active? When was his last sexual contact? Does he have a history of sexually transmitted disease? Find out about recent illnesses, particularly mumps. Does he have a history of prostate surgery or prolonged catheterization? Does changing his body position or level of activity affect the swelling?
Take the patient’s vital signs, especially noting fever, and palpate his abdomen for tenderness. Then examine the entire genital area. Assess the scrotum with the patient in supine and standing positions. Note its size and color. Is the swelling unilateral or bilateral? Do you see signs of trauma or bruising? Are there rashes or lesions present? Gently palpate the scrotum for a cyst or a lump. Note especially tenderness or increased firmness. Check the testicles’position in the scrotum. Finally, transilluminate the scrotum to distinguish a fluid-filled cyst from a solid mass. (A solid mass can’t be transilluminated.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Signs & Symptoms (Fifth Edition), 2006
Scrotal Pain/Swelling:
Diagnostic Approach
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)
Testicular torsion, a medical emergency, should be the primary consideration in a patient with an acutely painful scrotum; however, epididymitis is a more common cause than torsion by 10:1. Reduction in pain by manual elevation of the testicle (Phren sign) helps to distinguish epididymitis from testicular torsion. A cremasteric reflex is absent in testicular torsion but present in torsion of the appendix testis.
Testicular cancer must be definitively ruled out whenever a firm induration or mass is found to be contiguous with the testicle.
Referred pain can be differentiated from scrotal pathology by a normal testicular examination.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007
Scrotal swelling:
Physical assessment
(Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses)
Take the patient’s vital signs, especially noting fever, and palpate his abdomen for tenderness. Then examine the entire genital area. Assess the scrotum with the patient in supine and standing positions. Note its size and color. Is the swelling unilateral or bilateral? Do you see signs of trauma or bruising? Are there rashes or lesions present? Gently palpate the scrotum for a cyst or a lump. Note especially tenderness or increased firmness. Check the testicles’position in the scrotum. Finally, transilluminate the scrotum to distinguish a fluid-filled cyst from a solid mass. (A solid mass can’t be transilluminated.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Signs & Symptoms: A 2-in-1 Reference for Nurses, 2007
Scrotal swelling:
History and physical examination
(Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms)
If the patient isn't in distress, proceed with the history. Ask about injury to the scrotum, urethral discharge, cloudy urine, increased urinary frequency, and dysuria. Is the patient sexually active? When was his last sexual contact? Does he have a history of sexually transmitted disease? Find out about recent illnesses, particularly mumps. Does he have a history of prostate surgery or prolonged catheterization? Does changing his body position or level of activity affect the swelling?
Take the patient's vital signs, especially noting fever, and palpate his abdomen for tenderness. Then examine the entire genital area. Assess the scrotum with the patient in a supine position and standing. Note its size and color. Is the swelling unilateral or bilateral? Do you see signs of trauma or bruising? Are there rashes or lesions present? Gently palpate the scrotum for a cyst or lump. Note especially tenderness or increased firmness. Check the testicles'position in the scrotum. Finally, transilluminate the scrotum to distinguish a fluid-filled cyst from a solid mass. (A solid mass can't be transilluminated.)
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Nursing: Interpreting Signs and Symptoms, 2007
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