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Are there abnormalities on oropharyngeal examination? If so, then of course the cause may be local. This is particularly true if there are painful ulcerations of the mouth, glossitis, or tonsillitis. There may be neoplasms in ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Are there exudates? This is a key question when evaluating a sore throat. Most cases of sore throat with exudates will be found to have streptococcal pharyngitis. Without exudates, one could still have a streptococcal sore throat, ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Dysphagia refers to difficulty in swallowing (distinguish from odynophagia, which refers to painful swallowing). Pathologies that affect voluntary skeletal muscle generally exhibit as difficulty initiating swallowing; if involuntary smooth muscle of the... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Sore throat is a common symptom. Many patients incorrectly believe that antibiotics improve the clinical course in all sore throats. Although the vast majority of sore throats are of viral origin and should be managed conservatively, an appropriate history and... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Dysphagia is defined as difficulty swallowing. It may occur during any phase of the swallowing mechanism. Prompt diagnosis is important, because delays may lead to pulmonary infection (secondary to aspiration) and failure to thrive.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Most sore throats and coughs are due to infection. Children may have 5–8 upper respiratory infections per year. The primary differential is between viral and bacterial etiologies, especially group A β-hemolytic streptococcus.
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... Most of these lesions are tumors, but because some are caused by other etiologies, it is well to use the mnemonic MINT to review the possibilities.
M—Malformations include dermoid cysts, ranula, Wharton duct cysts or stones, mucous cysts, and
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... Breaking down the orophraynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE to establish the etiologies. Further analyzing the differential (because so
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... Swallowing is the function of the pharynx, larynx and esophagus. This function may be impaired by two mechanisms: mechanical obstruction (e.g., carcinoma of the esophagus) and physiologic obstruction (e.g., pseudobulbar palsy).
Mechanical obstruction may result from intrinsic
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... Dysphagia — difficulty swallowing — is a common symptom that's usually easy to localize. It may be constant or intermittent and is classified by the phase of swallowing it affects. (See Classifying dysphagia.) Among the factors that... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, gingivae,... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Throat pain — commonly known as a sore throat — refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe pain. It’s commonly accompanied by... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Inflammation/infection
Herpes stomatitis
Monilial stomatitis
Pharyngitis
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... Primarily a disease of older adults, cancer is second only to cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in the United States (more than 560,000 deaths annually). More than 67% of patients who die of cancer are older than age 65. The most common cancers in the United... What causes cancer? ... Immune response ... Diagnostic methods ... Staging and grading ... Five major therapies ... Maintaining nutrition and fluid balance ... If the patient can't eat ... Total parenteral nutrition ... Pain control critical ... The hospice approach ... Psychological aspects ... Pictures
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... Malignant spinal neoplasms may be any one of many tumor types similar to intracranial tumors; they involve the cord or its roots and, if untreated, can eventually cause paralysis. As primary tumors, they originate in the meningeal coverings, the parenchyma of the cord or its roots, the... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Throat abscesses may be peritonsillar (quinsy) or retropharyngeal. Peritonsillar abscesses form in the connective tissue space between the tonsil capsule and the constrictor muscle of the pharynx. Retropharyngeal abscesses, or abscesses of the... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Dysphagia—difficulty swallowing—is a common symptom that’s usually easy to localize. It may be constant or intermittent and is classified by the phase of swallowing it affects. (See Classifying dysphagia, page 268.) Among the factors that... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, gingivae, or mucous membranes. Many are painful and... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Throat pain—commonly known as a sore throat—refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe pain. It’s commonly accompanied by ear pain... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Michael R. Spieker
Dysphagia (difficult swallowing) is a common diagnosis, ranking in frequency alongside other complaints such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and otitis media (1). At least 7% to 10% of adults aged more than 50 years experience dysphagia and... Approach ... History ... Physical examination ... Testing ... Diagnostic assessment ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
❑ Rhinovirus
❑ Group A streptococci
❑ Ebstein-Barr virus
❑ Adenovirus ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings ... Pictures
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... Differential Overview
Dysphagia
❑ Infectious esophagitis
❑ Reflux stricture
❑ Zenker diverticulum
❑ Transfer dysphagia ... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Dysphagia — difficulty swallowing — is a common symptom that’s usually easy to localize. It may be constant or intermittent and is classified by the phase of swallowing it affects. (See Classifying dysphagia, page 116.)
... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Dysphagia — difficulty swallowing — is a common symptom that’s usually easy to localize. It may be constant or intermittent and is classified by the phase of swallowing it affects. (See Classifying dysphagia, page 226.) Among the factors that... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, gingivae, or mucous... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Throat pain — also known as a sore throat — refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe pain. It’s... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Sore throat refers to any painful sensationof the pharynx or surrounding tissues and is a common complaintin childhood and adolescence. Principal Causes of Sore Throat Infection Pharyngitis/tonsillitis Viral Bacterial ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis ... Diagnostic Approach ... References
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... Dysphagia—difficulty swallowing—is a common symptom that's usually easy to localize. It may be constant or intermittent and is classified by the phase of swallowing it affects. (See Classifying dysphagia.)
Among the factors that interfere with swallowing are severe... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Mouth lesions include ulcers (the most common type), cysts, firm nodules, hemorrhagic lesions, papules, vesicles, bullae, and erythematous lesions. They may occur anywhere on the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, tongue, gingivae, or mucous membranes. Many... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Throat pain—commonly known as a sore throat—refers to discomfort in any part of the pharynx: the nasopharynx, the oropharynx, or the hypopharynx. This common symptom ranges from a sensation of scratchiness to severe pain. It's commonly accompanied by ear... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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...
Most of these lesions are tumors, but because some are caused by other
etiologies, it is well to use the mnemonic MINT to review the
possibilities.
M—Malformations include dermoid cysts, ranula, Wharton duct cysts
or
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Breaking down the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and larynx into anatomic
components is not very valuable in developing a differential diagnosis of
sore throat. What is useful is to use the mnemonic VINDICATE to
establish the... Pictures
... READ EXCERPTS »
...
Swallowing is the function of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus. This
function may be impaired by two mechanisms: mechanical obstruction (e.g.,
carcinoma of the esophagus) and physiologic obstruction (e.g., pseudobulbar
palsy)
... READ EXCERPTS »
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