346 per year,
28 per month,
6 per week,
0 per day,
0 per hour,
0 per minute,
0 per second.
[Source statistic for calculation: "346 annual cases notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)" -- see also general information about data sources]
In the United States about 400 cases
occur each year, and 70% of these are acquired while traveling
internationally. Typhoid fever is still common in the developing
world, where it affects about 12.5 million persons each year.
(Source: excerpt from Typhoid Fever (General): DBMD)
All statistics for Typhoid fever
Prevalence/Incidence of Typhoid fever: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Typhoid fever.
Colorado tick fever:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Colorado tick fever is transmitted to humans by a hard-shelled wood tick called Dermacentor andersoni. The adult tick acquires the virus when it bites infected rodents and remains permanently infective.
Incidence is high in Colorado, where up to 15% of people who regularly camp show past exposure. It's much less common in the rest of the United States.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Lassa fever:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
A chronic infection in rodents, Lassa virus is transmitted to humans by contact with infected rodent urine, feces, and saliva. The virus enters the bloodstream, lymph vessels, and respiratory and digestive tracts. It then multiplies in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. In the early stages of this illness, when the virus is in the throat, human transmission may occur through inhalation of infected droplets.
As many as 100 cases of Lassa fever occur annually in western Africa; the disease is rare in the United States.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Relapsing fever:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis) carries louse-borne relapsing fever (B. recurrentis), which typically occurs in epidemics during wars, famines, and mass migrations. Cold weather and crowded living conditions also favor the spread of body lice.
Inoculation takes place when the victim crushes the louse, causing its infected blood or body fluid to soak into the victim's bitten or abraded skin or mucous membranes.
Louse-borne relapsing fever is most common in North and Central Africa, Europe, Asia, and South America. No cases of louse-borne relapsing fever have been reported in the United States since 1900.
Tick-borne relapsing fever, however, is found in the United States and is caused by at least 15 Borrelia species; the three species most commonly identified with tick carriers are B. hermsii (associated with Ornithodoros hermsi), B. turicatae (associated with O. turicata), and B. parkeri (associated with O. parkeri). This form of the disease is most prevalent in Texas and other western states, usually during the summer when ticks and their hosts (chipmunks, goats, squirrels, rabbits, mice, rats, owls, lizards, and prairie dogs) are most active. In the colder weather, outbreaks sometimes afflict people such as campers who sleep in tick-infested cabins.
Because tick bites are virtually painless and most Ornithodoros ticks feed at night but don’t imbed themselves in the victim’s skin, many people are bitten unknowingly.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Rheumatic fever appears to be a hypersensitivity reaction to a group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, in which antibodies manufactured to combat streptococci react and produce characteristic lesions at specific tissue sites, especially in the heart and joints. Because very few persons (3%) with streptococcal infections ever contract rheumatic fever, altered host resistance must be involved in its development or recurrence. Although rheumatic fever tends to be familial, this may merely reflect contributing environmental factors. For example, in lower socioeconomic groups, incidence is highest in children between ages 5 and 15, probably as a result of malnutrition and crowded living conditions. This disease strikes generally during cool, damp weather in the winter and early spring. In the United States, it’s most common in the northern states.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Rocky Mountain spotted fever:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
R. rickettsii is transmitted to a human or small animal by the prolonged bite (4 to 6 hours) of an adult tick — the wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni) in the west and by the dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) in the east. Occasionally, it's acquired through inhalation (it can occur in laboratory settings where aerosolization of blood and specimens may occur) or through the contact of abraded skin with tick excreta or tissue juices. (This explains why people should'nt crush ticks between their fingers when removing them from other people and animals.) In most tick-infested areas, 1% to 5% of the ticks harbor R. rickettsii.
Endemic throughout the continental United States, RMSF is particularly prevalent in the southeast and southwest. Because RMSF is associated with outdoor activities, such as camping and backpacking, the incidence of this illness is usually higher in the spring and summer. Epidemiologic surveillance reports for RMSF indicate that the incidence is also higher in children ages 5 to 9, men and boys, and whites.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Salmonella Infections:
Salmonella Infections - epidemiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
- Reservoirs:
- Salmonella species other than S. typhi: Animals and animal products (mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects); contaminated food and water; infected humans (fecal excretion may persist for several months)
- Humans are the only natural reservoir for S. typhi: Most commonly transmitted via fecally contaminated food and water; may be transmitted congenitally; chronic carriers may excrete S. typhi in stool for years.
- Incubation period:
- Salmonella species other than S. typhi: 6–72 hours; symptoms typically begin within 24 hours.
- Incubation period of invasive Salmonella strains and S. typhi is 1–3 weeks.
- Age distribution: Children younger than 5 years and the geriatric population are most commonly infected with nontyphoidal Salmonella; S. typhi is most common in 5–25-year-olds.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
Salmonella Gastroenteritis:
Epidemiology
(Pediatric Infectious Disease)
Salmonella has more than 2,000 serotypes. Although one can attempt to memorize
all of them, a more practical method is to divide salmonella into two basic
categories: invasive (enteric fever) and noninvasive (nontyphoidal). These
categories are different in transmission, presentation, and management.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Infectious Disease, 2004
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Typhoid fever usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Typhoid fever at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Typhoid fever refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Typhoid fever diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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