Symptoms of Typhoid fever

List of symptoms of Typhoid fever:

The list of signs and symptoms mentioned in various sources for Typhoid fever includes the 40 symptoms listed below:

• No symptoms - if only a mild exposure; some people become "carriers" of typhoid.
• Fever
• Headache
• Constipation
• Malaise
• Chills
• Sore throat
• Myalgia
• Mild vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Abdominal tenderness
• Transient skin rash (rose spots) - usually on abdomen or chest
• Abdominal rash
• Chest rash
• Loss of appetite
• Nosebleeds
• Joint pains
• Stepladder temperature - rise in temperature occuring in steps
• High fever
• Tongue changes
• Thirst
• Diarrhea
• Blood in diarrhea
• Slow heartbeat
• Splenomegaly
• Enlarged liver
• Liver symptoms
• Bradycardia
• Delirium
• Leukopenia
• Anemia
• Blood changes
• Proteinuria
• Constipation
• High fever
• Headache
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea

Note that Typhoid fever symptoms usually refers to various symptoms known to a patient, but the phrase Typhoid fever signs may refer to those signs only noticable by a doctor.

More ways to research these symptoms: To research other symptoms use the symptom center, or to research causes of more than one symptom in combination, try our multi-symptom search.

Research More About Typhoid fever

Do I have Typhoid fever?

• Typhoid fever: Introduction
• Typhoid fever: Diagnostic Testing to confirm diagnosis
• Home Diagnostic Testing
• Alternative diagnoses and misdiagnosis for Typhoid fever
• Failure to Diagnose Typhoid fever
• How serious is it?
• Treatments for Typhoid fever
• More about Typhoid fever

Home Diagnostic Testing

Home medical tests related to Typhoid fever:

• Cold & Flu: Home Testing:
  • Home Fever Tests
  • Home Ear Infection Tests
  • Home Flu Tests

Wrongly Diagnosed with Typhoid fever?

The list of other diseases or medical conditions that may be on the differential diagnosis list of alternative diagnoses for Typhoid fever includes:

• Paratyphoid fever - similar to typhoid fever but usually less severe.
• Parenteric fever - a typhoid-like fever but not caused by Salmonella.
• Gastroenteritis - mild case of typhoid fever may be mistaken for gastroenteritis.
• Typhomalarial fever
• Brucellosis

See the full list of 25 alternative diagnoses for Typhoid fever

More about symptoms of Typhoid fever:

More information about symptoms of Typhoid fever and related conditions:

• Other diseases with similar symptoms and common misdiagnoses
• Tests to determine if these are the symptoms of Typhoid fever
• Symptoms that may be caused by complications of Typhoid fever
• Risk factors for Typhoid fever

Other Possible Causes of these Symptoms

Click on any of the symptoms below to see a full list of other causes including diseases, medical conditions, toxins, drug interactions, or drug side effect causes of that symptom.

• Abdominal pain - see all causes of Abdominal pain
• Abdominal pain - see all causes of Abdominal pain
• Abdominal rash - see all causes of Stomach Rash
• Abdominal tenderness - see all causes of Abdominal pain
• Anemia - see all causes of Anemia
• Blood in diarrhea - see all causes of Diarrhea
• Bradycardia - see all causes of Bradycardia
• Chest rash - see all causes of Chest rash
• Chills - see all causes of Chills
• Constipation - see all causes of Constipation
• Constipation - see all causes of Constipation
• Delirium - see all causes of Delirium
• Diarrhea - see all causes of Diarrhea
• Diarrhea - see all causes of Diarrhea
• Enlarged liver - see all causes of Enlarged liver
• Fatigue - see all causes of Fatigue
• Fever - see all causes of Fever
• Headache - see all causes of Headache
• Headache - see all causes of Headache
• High fever - see all causes of High fever
• High fever - see all causes of High fever
• Joint pains - see all causes of Joint pains
• Leukopenia - see all causes of Leukopenia
• Liver symptoms - see all causes of Liver symptoms
• Loss of appetite - see all causes of Poor appetite
• Loss of appetite - see all causes of Poor appetite
• Malaise - see all causes of Malaise
• Mild vomiting - see all causes of Vomiting
• Myalgia - see all causes of Myalgia
• No symptoms - see all causes of No symptoms
• Nosebleeds - see all causes of Nosebleeds
• Proteinuria - see all causes of Proteinuria
• Slow heartbeat - see all causes of Slow heartbeat
• Sore throat - see all causes of Sore throat
• Splenomegaly - see all causes of Swollen spleen
• Stepladder temperature - see all causes of Fever
• Thirst - see all causes of Thirst
• Tongue changes - see all causes of Tongue symptoms
• Transient skin rash (rose spots) - see all causes of Rash

Medical Books Online about Typhoid fever

Medical Books Excerpts Excerpts of published medical book chapters related to Typhoid fever are available from published medical books for more detailed information about Typhoid fever.

Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.

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Symptoms of Typhoid fever: Online Medical Books

16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE! Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration, for more information about the symptoms of Typhoid fever.

Colorado tick fever: Signs and symptoms
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

After a 3- to 6-day incubation period, Colorado tick fever begins abruptly with chills; temperature of 104° F (40° C); severe aching of back, arms, and legs; lethargy; and headache with eye movement such as extraocular movement. Photophobia, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting may occur. Rare effects include petechial or maculopapular rashes and central nervous system involvement. Symptoms subside after several days but return within 2 to 3 days and continue for 3 more days before slowly disappearing. Complete recovery usually follows.

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Lassa fever: Signs and symptoms
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

After a 7- to 18-day incubation period, this disease produces a fever that persists for 2 to 3 weeks, exudative pharyngitis, oral ulcers, lymphadenopathy with swelling of the face and neck, purpura, conjunctivitis, and bradycardia. Severe infection may also cause hepatitis, myocarditis, pleural infection, encephalitis, and permanent unilateral or bilateral deafness.

Virus multiplication in reticuloendothelial cells causes capillary lesions that lead to erythrocyte and platelet loss; mild to moderate thrombocytopenia (with a tendency toward bleeding); and secondary bacterial infection. These capillary lesions may also cause focal hemorrhage in the stomach, small intestine, kidneys, lungs, and brain and, possibly, hemorrhagic shock and peripheral vascular collapse.

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Relapsing fever: Signs and symptoms
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

The incubation period for relapsing fever is 5 to 15 days (the average is 7 days). Clinically, tick- and louse-borne diseases are similar. Both begin suddenly, with a temperature approaching 105° F (40.6° C), prostration, headache, severe myalgia, arthralgia, diarrhea, vomiting, coughing, and eye or chest pains. Splenomegaly is common; hepatomegaly and lymphade-nopathy may occur. During febrile periods, the victim's pulse and respiratory rates rise, and a transient macular rash may develop over his torso.

The first attack usually lasts from 3 to 6 days; then the patient's temperature drops quickly and is accompanied by profuse sweating. A skin rash on the trunk lasting 1 to 2 days is common after the primary febrile episode. The rash may be petechiae, macular, or papular. About 5 to 10 days later, a second febrile, symptomatic period begins. In louse-borne infection, additional relapses are unusual; but, in tick-borne cases, a second or third relapse is common. As the afebrile intervals become longer, relapses become shorter and milder because of antibody accumulation. Relapses are possibly due to antigenic changes in the Borrelia organism.

Complications from relapsing fever include nephritis, bronchitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, seizures, cranial nerve lesions, paralysis, and coma. Death may occur from hyperpyrexia, massive bleeding, circulatory failure, splenic rupture, or a secondary infection.

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Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: Signs and symptoms
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

In 95% of patients, rheumatic fever characteristically follows a streptococcal infection that appeared a few days to 6 weeks earlier. A temperature of at least 100.4° F (38° C) occurs, and most patients complain of migratory joint pain or polyarthritis. Swelling, redness, and signs of effusion usually accompany such pain, which most commonly affects the knees, ankles, elbows, or hips. In 5% of patients (generally those with carditis), rheumatic fever causes skin lesions such as erythema marginatum, a nonpruritic, macular, transient rash that gives rise to red lesions with blanched centers. Rheumatic fever may also produce firm, movable, nontender, subcutaneous nodules about 3 mm to 2 cm in diameter, usually near tendons or bony prominences of joints (especially the elbows, knuckles, wrists, and knees) and less often on the scalp and backs of the hands. These nodules persist for a few days to several weeks and, like erythema marginatum, often accompany carditis.

Later, rheumatic fever may cause transient chorea, which develops up to 6 months after the original streptococcal infection. Mild chorea may produce hyperirritability, a deterioration in handwriting, or an inability to concentrate. Severe chorea (Sydenham’s chorea) causes purposeless, nonrepetitive, involuntary muscle spasms; poor muscle coordination; and weakness. Chorea always resolves without residual neurologic damage.

The most destructive effect of rheumatic fever is carditis, which develops in up to 50% of patients and may affect the endocardium, myocardium, pericardium, or the heart valves. Pericarditis causes a pericardial friction rub and, occasionally, pain and effusion. Myocarditis produces characteristic lesions called Aschoff bodies (in the acute stages) and cellular swelling and fragmentation of interstitial collagen, leading to formation of a progressively fibrotic nodule and interstitial scars. Endocarditis causes valve leaflet swelling, erosion along the lines of leaflet closure, and blood, platelet, and fibrin deposits, which form beadlike vegetations. Endocarditis affects the mitral valve most often in females; the aortic, most often in males. In both females and males, endocarditis affects the tricuspid valves occasionally and the pulmonic only rarely.

Severe rheumatic carditis may cause heart failure with dyspnea; right upper quadrant pain; tachycardia; tachypnea; a hacking, nonproductive cough; edema; and significant mitral and aortic murmurs. The most common of such murmurs include:

❑ a systolic murmur of mitral insufficiency (high-pitched, blowing, holosystolic, loudest at apex, possibly radiating to the anterior axillary line)

❑ a midsystolic murmur due to stiffening and swelling of the mitral leaflet

❑ occasionally, a diastolic murmur of aortic insufficiency (low-pitched, rumbling, almost inaudible). Valvular disease may eventually result in chronic valvular stenosis and insufficiency, including mitral stenosis and insufficiency, and aortic insufficiency. In children, mitral insufficiency remains the major sequela of rheumatic heart disease.

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Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Signs and symptoms
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))

The incubation period is usually about 7 days, but it can range from 2 to 14 days. Generally, the shorter the incubation time, the more severe the infection. Signs and symptoms, which usually begin abruptly, include a persistent temperature of 102° to 104° F (38.9° to 40° C); a generalized, excruciating headache; nausea and vomiting; and aching in the bones, muscles, joints, and back. In addition, the tongue is covered with a thick white coating that gradually turns brown as the fever persists and rises.

Initially, the skin may simply appear flushed. Between days 2 and 5, eruptions begin around the wrists, ankles, or forehead; within 2 days, they cover the entire body, including the scalp, palms, and soles. The rash consists of erythematous macules 1 to 5 mm in diameter that blanch on pressure; if untreated, the rash may become petechial and maculopapular. By the third week, the skin peels off and may become gangrenous over the elbows, fingers, and toes.

The pulse is strong initially, but it gradually becomes rapid (possibly reaching 150 beats/minute) and thready.

Alert A rapid pulse rate and hypotension (systolic pressure less than 90 mm Hg) herald imminent death from complete vascular collapse.

Other signs and symptoms include a bronchial cough, a rapid respiratory rate (as high as 60 breaths/minute), anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, insomnia, restlessness and, in extreme cases, delirium. Urine output falls to half of the normal level or less, is dark in color, and contains albumin. Complications, although uncommon, include lobar pneumonia, otitis media, pa-rotitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and, possibly, renal failure. In rare cases, RMSF leads to death.

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Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: Signs and symptoms
(Handbook of Diseases)

In 95% of patients, rheumatic fever characteristically follows a streptococcal infection that appeared a few days to 6 weeks earlier. A temperature of at least 100.4° F (38° C) occurs.

Joint pain

Most patients complain of migratory joint pain or polyarthritis. Swelling, redness, and signs of effusion usually accompany such pain, which most commonly affects the knees, ankles, elbows, or hips.

Skin lesions and nodules

In 5% of patients (generally those with carditis), rheumatic fever causes skin lesions, such as erythema marginatum. This nonpruritic, macular, transient rash gives rise to red lesions with blanched centers.

Rheumatic fever may also produce firm, movable, nontender, subcutaneous nodules ⅛" to ¾" (0.5 to 2 cm) in diameter, usually near tendons or bony prominences of joints (especially the elbows, knuckles, wrists, and knees) and less commonly on the scalp and backs of the hands. These nodules persist for a few days to several weeks and, like erythema marginatum, often accompany carditis.

Chorea

Later, rheumatic fever may cause transient chorea, which develops up to 6 months after the original streptococcal infection.

Mild chorea may produce hyperirritability, a deterioration in handwriting, or an inability to concentrate. Severe chorea causes purposeless, nonrepetitive, involuntary muscle spasms; poor muscle coordination; and weakness. Chorea always resolves without residual neurologic damage.

Carditis

The most destructive effect of rheumatic fever is carditis, which develops in up to 50% of patients. It may affect the endocardium, myocardium, pericardium, or the heart valves.

Pericarditis causes a pericardial friction rub and, occasionally, pain and effusion. Myocarditis produces characteristic lesions called Aschoff bodies (in the acute stages) and cellular swelling and fragmentation of interstitial collagen, leading to formation of a progressively fibrotic nodule and interstitial scars.

Endocarditis causes valve leaflet swelling, erosion along the lines of leaflet closure, and blood, platelet, and fibrin deposits, which form beadlike vegetations. Endocarditis usually affects the mitral valve in females and the aortic valve in males. In both sexes, endocarditis affects the tricuspid valves occasionally and the pulmonic valve only rarely.

Severe rheumatic carditis may cause heart failure with dyspnea, right-upper-quadrant pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, significant mitral and aortic murmurs, and a hacking, nonproductive cough.

The most common murmurs include:

❑ a systolic murmur of mitral insufficiency (high-pitched, blowing, holo-systolic, loudest at apex, possibly radiating to the anterior axillary line)

❑ a midsystolic murmur caused by stiffening and swelling of the mitral leaflet

❑ occasionally, a diastolic murmur of aortic insufficiency. Valvular disease may eventually result in chronic valvular stenosis and insufficiency, including mitral stenosis and insufficiency and aortic insufficiency. In children, mitral insufficiency remains the major after-effect of rheumatic heart disease.

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Article Excerpts About Symptoms of Typhoid fever:

Typhoid Fever (General): DBMD (Excerpt)

Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F (39° to 40° C). They may also feel weak, or have stomach pains, headache, or loss of appetite. In some cases, patients have a rash of flat, rose-colored spots. The only way to know for sure if an illness is typhoid fever is to have samples of stool or blood tested for the presence of S. Typhi. (Source: excerpt from Typhoid Fever (General): DBMD)

Typhoid Fever: DBMD (Excerpt)

Typhoid fever has an insidious onset characterized by fever, headache, constipation, malaise, chills, and myalgia with few clinical features that reliably distinguish it from a variety of other infectious diseases. Diarrhea is uncommon, and vomiting is not usually severe. Confusion, delirium, intestinal perforation, and death may occur in severe cases. (Source: excerpt from Typhoid Fever: DBMD)

Typhoid fever as a Cause of Symptoms or Medical Conditions

When considering symptoms of Typhoid fever, it is also important to consider Typhoid fever as a possible cause of other medical conditions. The Disease Database lists the following medical conditions that Typhoid fever may cause:

• Abdominal pain
• Acute confusional state
• Diarrhoea
• Epididymo-orchitis
• Gallbladder empyema
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Gastrointestinal perforation
• Gram negative bacilli / rods
• Hepatocellular jaundice
• Maculopapular rash
• Meningoencephalitis
• Myocarditis
• Nausea and vomiting
• Osteomyelitis
• Pyrexia of unknown origin
• Reactive arthropathy
• Reiter's syndrome
• Toxic megacolon
• Typhoid fever

Medical articles and books on symptoms:

These general reference articles may be of interest in relation to medical signs and symptoms of disease in general:

• Diagnostic Testing for a Diagnosis of Typhoid fever
• Research Alternative Diagnoses for Typhoid fever
• How serious is Typhoid fever?
• More about Typhoid fever
• Online Diagnosis
• Self Diagnosis Pitfalls
• Pitfalls of Online Diagnosis
• Symptoms of the Silent Killer Diseases
• Lesser known silent killer diseases
• Books on signs and symptoms

Full list of premium articles on symptoms and diagnosis

About signs and symptoms of Typhoid fever:

The symptom information on this page attempts to provide a list of some possible signs and symptoms of Typhoid fever. This signs and symptoms information for Typhoid fever has been gathered from various sources, may not be fully accurate, and may not be the full list of Typhoid fever signs or Typhoid fever symptoms. Furthermore, signs and symptoms of Typhoid fever may vary on an individual basis for each patient. Only your doctor can provide adequate diagnosis of any signs or symptoms and whether they are indeed Typhoid fever symptoms.