Causes of Uremia
List of causes of Uremia
Following is a list of causes or underlying conditions
(see also Misdiagnosis of underlying causes of Uremia)
that could possibly cause Uremia includes:
More causes:
see full list of causes for Uremia
Causes of Uremia (Diseases Database):
The follow list shows some of the possible medical causes of Uremia
that are listed by the Diseases Database:
Source: Diseases Database
Uremia Causes: Book Excerpts
Uremia as a complication of other conditions:
Other conditions that might have
Uremia as a complication may,
potentially, be an underlying cause of Uremia.
Our database lists the following as having
Uremia as a complication of that condition:
Uremia as a symptom:
Conditions listing Uremia
as a symptom may also be potential underlying causes of Uremia.
Our database lists the following as having
Uremia as a symptom of that condition:
Medications or substances causing Uremia:
The following drugs, medications, substances or toxins are some of the possible
causes of Uremia as a symptom.
This list is incomplete and various other drugs or substances
may cause your symptoms.
Always advise your doctor of any medications or treatments you are using,
including prescription, over-the-counter, supplements, herbal or alternative treatments.
See full list of 6
medications causing Uremia
Related information on causes of Uremia:
As with all medical conditions,
there may be many causal factors.
Further relevant information on causes of Uremia may be found in:
Causes of Uremia: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the causes of Uremia.
Chronic renal failure:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Diabetes and hypertension are the primary causes of chronic renal failure, accounting for two-thirds of cases. Other causes of chronic renal failure include:
❑ chronic glomerular disease such as glomerulonephritis
❑ chronic infections, such as chronic pyelonephritis or tuberculosis
❑ congenital anomalies such as polycystic kidneys
❑ vascular diseases such as renal nephrosclerosis
❑ obstructive processes such as calculi
❑ collagen diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus
❑ nephrotoxic agents such as long-term aminoglycoside therapy.
These conditions gradually destroy the nephrons and eventually cause irreversible renal failure. Similarly, acute renal failure that fails to respond to treatment becomes chronic renal failure.
This syndrome may progress through the following stages:
❑ reduced renal reserve (creatinine clearance glomerular filtration rate [GFR] is 40 to 70 ml/minute)
❑ renal insufficiency (GFR 20 to 40 ml/ minute)
❑ renal failure (GFR 10 to 20 ml/minute)
❑ end-stage renal disease (GFR less than 10 ml/minute).
Chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease affect about 2 out of 1,000 people in the United States.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Renal failure, acute:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Acute renal failure can be classified as prerenal, intrinsic (or parenchymatous), or postrenal.
Prerenal failure
Diminished blood flow to the kidneys causes prerenal failure. Such decreased flow may result from hypovolemia, shock, embolism, blood loss, sepsis, pooling of fluid in ascites or burns, or a cardiovascular disorder, such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and tamponade. Other causes include disorders of the blood, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, transfusion reactions, and other hemolytic disorders; malignant hypertension; and disorders resulting from childbirth-like bleeding (associated with placental abruption or placenta previa) that can damage the kidneys. Autoimmune disorders, such as scleroderma, can also cause acute renal failure.
Intrinsic renal failure
Parenchymatous, or intrinsic, renal failure results from damage to the kidneys themselves, usually resulting from acute tubular necrosis. Such damage may also result from acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa, vasculitis, sickle cell disease, bilateral renal vein thrombosis, nephrotoxins, ischemia, renal myeloma, and acute pyelonephritis.
Postrenal failure
Bilateral obstruction of urine outflow results in postrenal failure. Possible causes include renal calculi, clots, papillae from papillary necrosis, tumors, benign prostatic hyperplasia, strictures, and urethral edema from catheterization.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Renal failure, chronic:
Causes
(Handbook of Diseases)
Chronic renal failure may result from:
❑ chronic glomerular disease such as glomerulonephritis
❑ chronic infection, such as chronic pyelonephritis or tuberculosis
❑ a congenital anomaly such as polycystic kidneys
❑ vascular disease, such as renal nephrosclerosis or hypertension
❑ an obstructive process such as calculi
❑ collagen disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus
❑ nephrotoxic drug therapy such as long-term aminoglycoside therapy
❑ endocrine disease such as diabetic neuropathy.
Such conditions gradually destroy the nephrons and eventually cause irreversible renal failure. Similarly, acute renal failure that fails to respond to treatment becomes chronic renal failure.
Chronic renal failure may progress through the following stages:
❑ reduced renal reserve (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] is 40 to 70 ml/ minute)
❑ renal insufficiency (GFR is 20 to 40 ml/ minute)
❑ renal failure (GFR 10 to 20 ml/ minute)
❑ end-stage renal disease (GFR is < 10 ml/minute).
>
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
Renal Failure, Acute:
Renal Failure, Acute - pathophysiology
(The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult)
ARF is commonly precipitated by an ischemic or nephrotoxic event. Initial vasodilatation is followed by intense vasoconstriction, with blood redistributed from the cortex to the juxtamedullary nephrons. Delivery of oxygen to the kidney is impaired, leading to acute tubular necrosis. Intratubular debris and cast formation develop. Tubular fluid leaks backward across the injured tubular membrane, which, in addition to tubular obstruction, causes further hemodynamic changes.
Renal Failure, Acute - etiology
ARF has many causes, which can be subcategorized into 3 groups.
- Prerenal:
- Decreased perfusion of the kidney secondary either to decreased intravascular volume (e.g., dehydration), decreased effective circulating blood volume (e.g., CHF), or from altered intrarenal hemodynamics (e.g., NSAIDs)
- Common form of ARF in children
- Postrenal:
- Obstructive process (either structural or functional)
- Obstruction can reside in the lower tract or bilaterally in the upper tracts (unless the patient has a single kidney)
- This form of renal failure more common in newborns
- Intrinsic: Disorders that directly affect the kidney. This form can be subcategorized as follows:
- Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the end result of either ischemic or toxin mediated damage to the tubules. Ischemic induced ATN is the result of prolonged and severe prerenal ARF which is no longer immediately reversible with the restoration of appropriate renal perfusion. Toxin mediated ATN can be caused by many medications (e.g., aminoglycosides), poisons (e.g.,mercury), or endogenous toxins (e.g., myoglobinuria)
- Glomerular disorders include the various forms of acute glomerulonephritis (e.g., postinfectious, rapidly progressive [crescentic]).
- Vascular lesions compromise glomerular blood flow. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is the most common disorder that causes intrinsic ARF in children.
- Interstitial nephritis most often occurs as a result of exposure to a medication. It may also be associated with infections (e.g., pyelonephritis), systemic diseases, or tumor infiltrates.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: The 5-Minute Pediatric Consult, 2008
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