Prevalence and Incidence of Viral diseases
Prevalance of types of Viral diseases:
For details see prevalence of types of Viral diseases analysis; summary of available prevalence data:
Viral diseases Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Incidence of types of Viral diseases:
For details see incidence of types of Viral diseases analysis; summary of available incidence by type data:
- HIV/AIDS: approximately 40,000 annual cases in USA (NIAID)
- Human Papillomavirus: 5.5 million new cases (NIAID/American Social Health Association)
- Genital herpes: 500,000 new cases annually; 1 million annual cases (CDC 2001)
- enterovirus: estimated 10-15 million cases annually in USA (DVRD)
- Common cold: 62 million cases (NIAID); 23.6 per 100 (NHIS96); estimated 1 billion colds in the USA annually; Children get 6-10 yearly, adults 2-4 yearly; over 60's less than 1 a year.
- Flu: 36 per 100 (NHIS96); 35 million annually up to 50 million annually (NIAID/CDC); 10-20% yearly (NIAID)
- Measles: 100 cases annually (1998); once common, now greatly reduced by MMR vaccination programs; 100 annual cases notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)
- Rubella: 364 cases annually (1998); incidence greatly reduced by MMR vaccination programs
- Chicken pox: 120,624 annually (1995); 46,016 annual cases notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999); 199.14 per 100,000 in Canada 20001
- Mumps: 387 annual cases notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999); rare due to MMR vaccination
- Polio: 0 annual cases of paralytic poliomyelitis notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)
- Rabies: 18,000 cases (of rabies shots rather than actual rabies)
- Dengue fever: about 100 to 200 cases annually in USA (NIAID)
- Yellow fever: 1 annual case notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)
- Hantavirus: 33 annual cases of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)
- Rotavirus: 3 million cases in the USA each year.
- Viral meningitis: 8,932 new cases in America 1995 (Meningitis Foundation of America, CDC, 1994)
- Arbovirus: 0.1 new cases per 100,000 population of arbovirus infection was notified in Australia 2002 (Yohannes K, Roche P, Blumer C et al. 2004, Australia’s Health 2004, AIHW)
- Chickenpox: 120,624 annually (1995); 46,016 annual cases notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999); 199.14 per 100,000 in Canada 20001
- Smallpox: 0 cases throughout the world.
- Infant Cytomegalic virus: 6,000 babies
- Acute Appendicitis: 25 per 10,000 (age 10-17), 1-2 per per 10,000 (under 4)
- Hepatitis A: 32,000 new cases in the USA 1992 (Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and Impact – NIH Publication No. 94-1447, NIDDK, 1994)
- Hepatitis B: 200,000 to 300,000 new cases in the USA 1990 (Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and Impact – NIH Publication No. 94-1447, NIDDK, 1994)
- Hepatitis C: 150,000 new cases in the USA 1991 (Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and Impact – NIH Publication No. 94-1447, NIDDK, 1994)
- Hepatitis D: 70,000 new cases in the USA 1990 (Digestive diseases in the United States: Epidemiology and Impact – NIH Publication No. 94-1447, NIDDK, 1994)
- Hepatitis E: 0.1 new cases per 100,000 population of Hepatitis E was notified in Australia 2002 (Yohannes K, Roche P, Blumer C et al. 2004, Australia’s Health 2004, AIHW)
- Ocular Herpes: 50,000 new/recurrent cases per year, 25% have stromal keratitis
- Meningitis: approximately 25,000 cases of bacterial meningitis annually in USA; 206 annual cases in Victoria 1996 (DHS-VIC)
- Shingles: 500,000 cases (NIAID)
- Pneumonia: 4.8 million annual cases (1996); 1.8 per 100 (NHIS96)
- Encephalitis, California serogroup viral: 70 annual cases notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)
- St. Louis encephalitis: 4 annual cases notified in USA 1999 (MMWR 1999)
- Enteroviruses: estimated 10-15 million cases annually in USA (DVRD)
- Japanese encephalitis: 1 case annually in USA (DVBID)
- more types of Viral diseases...»
Prevalence/Incidence of Viral diseases: Online Medical Books
16 MEDICAL BOOKS ONLINE!
Review excerpts from medical books online, free, without registration,
for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Viral diseases.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The organism that causes RSV is transmitted from person to person by respiratory secretions and has an incubation period of 4 to 5 days. Antibody titers seem to indicate that few children younger than age 4 escape contracting some form of RSV, even if it's mild. In fact, RSV is the only viral disease that has its maximum impact during the first few months of life (incidence of RSV bronchiolitis peaks at age 2 months). School-age children, adolescents, and young adults with mild reinfections are probably the source of infection for infants and young children.
This virus occurs in annual epidemics during the late winter and early spring in temperate climates and during the rainy season in the tropics. It can also be seen in immunocompromised adults, especially patients with bone marrow transplants.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Viral hepatitis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
The major forms of viral hepatitis result from infection with the causative viruses: A, B, C, D, E, or G.
Type A hepatitis is highly contagious and is usually transmitted by the fecal-oral route. However, it may also be transmitted parenterally. Hepatitis A usually results from ingestion of contaminated food, milk, or water. Many outbreaks of this type are traced to ingestion of seafood from polluted water. In 2001, there were more than 10,000 acute cases of hepatitis A infection reported in the United States.
Type B hepatitis, once thought to be transmitted only by the direct exchange of contaminated blood, is now known to be transmitted also by contact with human secretions and feces. As a result, nurses, physicians, laboratory technicians, and dentists are frequently exposed to type B hepatitis, in many cases as a result of wearing defective gloves. Transmission also occurs during intimate sexual contact as well as through perinatal transmission. An estimated 200,000 new cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 5,000 deaths from HBV occur annually in the United States.
Although specific type C hepatitis viruses have been isolated, only a small percentage of patients have tested positive for them — perhaps reflecting the test’s poor specificity. Usually, this type of hepatitis is transmitted through transfused blood from asymptomatic donors. Hepatitis C accounts for 30,000 new infections and 8,000 to 10,000 deaths each year in the United States. Most exposures (60%) occur through the use of illicit I.V. drugs. However, sexual transmission is responsible for 20% of cases. More than 170 million people have the hepatitis C virus worldwide.
Type D hepatitis is found only in patients with an acute or chronic episode of hepatitis B and requires the presence of HBsAg. The type D virus depends on the double-shelled type B virus to replicate. For this reason, type D infection can’t outlast a type B infection. About 15 million people are infected with hepatitis D worldwide. It’s more common in adults than in children. People with a history of illicit I.V. drug use and people who live in the Mediterranean basin have a higher incidence.
Type E hepatitis is transmitted enterically, much like type A. Because this virus is inconsistently shed in feces, detection is difficult. In the United States, the prevalence of hepatitis E is less than 2%. It’s typically found in developing countries that lie near the equator. Incidence is highest among people ages 15 to 40.
Type G may be transmitted in a manner similar to that of hepatitis C. It may also be transmitted by sexual contact, and its incidence may be higher than previously suspected. It’s associated with acute and chronic liver disease, but studies haven’t clearly implicated the hepatitis G virus as an etiologic agent.
Other proposed causative factors, such as non-ABCDE viral hepatitis and type F, are under investigation.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Viral diseases usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Viral diseases at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Viral diseases refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Viral diseases diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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