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Is there a history of alcohol or drug ingestion? Alcohol and many drugs such as digitalis, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antihypertensives, and antibiotics may cause gastric irritation or gastritis.
Is ... DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
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Vomiting is an involuntary forceful extrusion of stomach contents. It is a mediated by a complex reflex that is located in the vomiting center of the medulla oblongata. Reflex vomiting results when afferent fibers of the inner ear, meninges, or gastrointestinal tract... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth that involves an integrated and largely somatic motor response. It represents a protective reflex in the body's defense system. Vomiting may be an initial symptom of an underlying condition or a... Differential Diagnosis ... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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Projectile vomiting is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents classically associated with pyloric stenosis. Although pyloric stenosis is one cause, there are many other causes inside and outside the GI tract.
Differential Diagnosis
... Workup and Diagnosis ... Treatment
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... These two should be considered together, because nausea is just a forme fruste of vomiting. This symptom lends itself well to anatomic analysis, particularly by the target method illustrated on page 380. The focus should be on the GI tract.
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth — the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and may... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They're commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characteristics of bowel sounds.) They may stem from life-threatening bowel... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Pictures
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... Mechanical Bowel Obstruction
Extraluminal compression
Congenital abnormalities
Annular pancreas
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... Central Nervous System Disorders
Increased intracranial pressure
Head trauma
Central nervous system neoplasms
Meningitis, encephalitis
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... A self-limiting disorder, gastroenteritis is characterized by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and acute or chronic abdominal cramping. Also called intestinal flu, traveler’s diarrhea, viral enteritis, or food poisoning, it occurs in persons of all ages and is... Causes and incidence ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth—the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and may occur... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characteristics of bowel sounds.... Emergency interventions ... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Eric M. Walsh
Approach Nausea and vomiting are common presenting complaints in office practice. An effective diagnostic approach will consider causes both within the gastrointestinal (GI) system, and systemic causes (1–3... History. ... Physical examination. ... Testing. ... Diagnostic assessment
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... Differential Overview
Presenting Symptom
❑ Gastroesophageal reflux
❑ Pregnancy
❑ Psychogenic
❑ Bulimia
❑... Diagnostic Approach ... Clinical Findings
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... Also called intestinal flu, traveler’s diarrhea, viral enteritis, and food poisoning, gastroenteritis is a self-limiting disorder characterized by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping. It occurs in all age-groups and is a major cause of... Causes ... Signs and symptoms ... Diagnosis ... Treatment ... Special considerations
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sound. (See Characteristics of bowel sounds.) They may stem from... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A common... Assessment ... History ... Physical examination ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth — the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They’re commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characterizing bowel sounds, page 98.) They may stem from life... Emergency Actions ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis. ... History ... Physical assessment ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Special considerations ... Pediatric pointers ... Geriatric pointers ... Patient counseling ... Pictures
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...Regurgitation is the nonforceful expulsionof contents from esophagus or stomach, whereas vomiting is the forcefulexpulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. The first partof this chapter is concerned with regurgitation and the second withvomiting. Principal Causes of ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Regurgitation ... Diagnostic Approach: Regurgitation ... Principal Causes of Vomiting ... Clinical Features and Diagnosis: Vomiting ... Diagnostic Approach: Vomiting ... References
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... Abdominal distention refers to increased abdominal girth—the result of increased intra-abdominal pressure forcing the abdominal wall outward. Distention may be mild or severe, depending on the amount of pressure. It may be localized or diffuse and may occur gradually or... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Sometimes audible without a stethoscope, hyperactive bowel sounds reflect increased intestinal motility (peristalsis). They're commonly characterized as rapid, rushing, gurgling waves of sounds. (See Characteristics of bowel sounds, page 90.)
They may stem... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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... Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth. Characteristically preceded by nausea, vomiting results from a coordinated sequence of abdominal muscle contractions and reverse esophageal peristalsis.
A common... History and physical examination ... Medical causes ... Other causes ... Nursing considerations ... Patient teaching ... Pictures
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These two should be considered together, because nausea is just a
forme fruste of vomiting. This symptom lends itself well to anatomic analysis,
particularly by the target method illustrated on page 324. The focus should be on the... Pictures
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... Epidemiology
Salmonella has more than 2,000 serotypes. Although one can attempt to memorize
all of them, a more practical method is to divide salmonella into two basic
categories: invasive (enteric fever) and noninvasive (nontyphoidal). These
categories... Enteric Fever ... Nontyphoidal Salmonella ... Selected Readings ... Pictures
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For most breast cancer patients, adjuvant therapy is a crucial part of treatment. Like many successful drug therapies, however, adjuvant therapy can...
Hepatitis C is called a silent epidemic because many people are unaware they carry this virus of the liver. But experts say hepatitis C is a public...
Each year you hear about small outbreaks of meningitis. It is highly contagious and sometimes fatal. Learn why the classic symptoms of a high fever...