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Abdominal Distention

Abdominal Distention: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis

Mechanical Bowel Obstruction

Extraluminal compression
   Congenital abnormalities
       Annular pancreas
       Malrotation
   Neoplasms
       Carcinomatosis
       Sarcoma
   Inflammatory disorders
       Postsurgical adhesions
       Inflammatory adhesions
       Intraabdominal abscess
   Other extraluminal causes
       Hernias
       Volvulus
       Intussusception
       Intraabdominal hematoma
       Pregnancy
       Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Intrinsic lesions
   Congenital abnormalities
       Congenital adhesive bands
       Meckel's diverticulum
       Congenital atresia/stenosis
       Duplication/cysts
       Imperforate anus
       Hirschsprung's disease
   Neoplasms
       Adenomatous polyps
       Polyposis syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome)
       Malignant tumors
   Inflammatory disorders
       Crohn's disease
       Ulcerative colitis
       Diverticulitis
       Diverticular stricture
       Tuberculosis
       Endometriosis
       Actinomycosis
       Ischemic injury
   Other intrinsic causes
       Radiation stenosis
       Chemical injury (potassium chloride, NSAIDs)
       Bowel wall hematoma
       Surgical anastomosis
       Pneumatosis intestinalis
       Trauma
Intraluminal contents
   Foreign body
   Gallstone (gallstone ileus)
Parasites (Ascaris)
   Fecaliths
   Enteroliths
   Feces
   Bezoar
   Food impaction
   Meconium

Adynamic Ileus, Nonmechanical Obstruction

Intraabdominal causes
   Peritoneal inflammation
   Traumatic
       Postoperative
       Penetrating wounds
   Bacterial infections
       Pneumonia
       Empyema
       Urosepsis
       Systemic infections
   Chemical irritants
       Blood
       Gastric contents (perforated ulcer)
       Bile
       Pancreatic enzymes (acute pancreatitis)
   Vascular insufficiency
       Intramural strangulation (distention from mechanical ileus)
       Extramural strangulation (compression of mesenteric vessels)
       Mesenteric artery thrombosis or embolus
   Retroperitoneal irritation
       Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
       Psoas abscess
       Pyelonephritis
       Renal colic
       Perinephric abscess
       Pancreatitis
       Pancreatic abscess
       Cancer
       Lymphoma
Extraabdominal causes
   Toxic, metabolic
       Pneumonia
       Empyema
       Uremia
       Diabetic complications
       Porphyria
       Severe systemic infection
       Heavy metal poisoning (e.g., lead)
       Severe electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hypokalemia)
   Traumatic
       Thoracic trauma
       Retroperitoneal trauma
       Intracranial trauma
       Spinal trauma
   Drugs
       Narcotics
       Anticholinergics
       Phenothiazines
       Antihistamines
       Catecholamines
   Other
       Connective tissue diseases
       Osteomyelitis of spine
       Mechanical ventilation

Vascular Obstruction

Mesenteric artery thrombosis or embolus
Mesenteric venous thrombosis

Pseudo-Obstruction Syndromes

Excessive Intraluminal Gas

Functional bowel diseases (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome)
Aerophagia
Increased intestinal gas production

Ascites

References

1. Turnage RH, Bergen PC: Intestinal Obstruction and Ileus, pp. 1799–1807. See Bibliography, 1.
2. Livingstone AS, Sosa JL: Ileus and Obstruction, pp. 1235–1248. See Bibliography, 2.

Book Source Details

• Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
• Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
• Year of Publication: 1999
• Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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More About This Book: Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis Authors: Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Copyright: 1999 ISBN: 0-78171-943-7

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