Prevalence and Incidence of Viral gastroenteritis
Viral gastroenteritis Prevalence: Book Excerpts
Incidence of types of Viral gastroenteritis:
For details see incidence of types of Viral gastroenteritis analysis; summary of available incidence by type data:
Outbreaks of Viral gastroenteritis:
Outbreaks of astrovirus and calicivirus occur mainly in child care settings and nursing homes. In the past decade, 7 outbreaks of calicivirus and 4 of astrovirus have been reported from England and Japan. In California, an outbreak caused by an astrovirus, the Marin County agent, occurred among elderly patients in a convalescent hospital. No typical calicivirus has been implicated in outbreaks in the U.S. However, if Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses prove to be caliciviruses, they would account for most food and waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in this country.
MMWR 46(47):1997: Viral gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by caliciviruses (i.e., Norwalk-like viruses or small round-structured viruses) have been associated with eating contaminated shellfish, particularly oysters (Crassostrea virginica). This report describes the findings of the investigation of an outbreak of oyster-associated viral gastroenteritis in Louisiana during the 1996-97 winter season and implicates sewage from oyster harvesting vessels as the probable cause of contaminated oysters.
Outbreaks of adenovirus have been reported in England and Japan, all involving children in hospitals or day care centers. The small featureless, parvo-like viruses caused outbreaks of gastroenteritis in primary and secondary schools in England (Ditchling and Wollan) and Australia (Paramatta). The cockle agent caused a large community-wide outbreak in England (1977) associated with consumption of contaminated seafood. Parvo-like viruses were also implicated in several outbreaks which occurred in the States of New York and Louisiana in 1982-1983.
(Source: FDA Bad Bug Book)
Prevalence/Incidence of Viral gastroenteritis: Online Medical Books
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for more information about the prevalence and/or incidence of Viral gastroenteritis.
Gastroenteritis:
Causes and incidence
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Gastroenteritis has many possible causes, including:
❑ bacteria (responsible for acute food poisoning), such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Shigella, Clostridium botulinum, C. perfringens, and Escherichia coli
❑ amebae, especially Entamoeba histolytica
❑ parasites, such as Ascaris, Enterobius, and Trichinella spiralis
❑ viruses (may be responsible for traveler’s diarrhea) such as adenoviruses, echoviruses, or coxsackieviruses
❑ ingestion of toxins, including plants or toadstools
❑ drug reactions; for example, to antibiotics
❑ enzyme deficiencies
❑ food allergens.
The bowel reacts to any of these enterotoxins with hypermotility, producing severe diarrhea and secondary depletion of intracellular fluid. Chronic gastroenteritis is usually the result of another GI disorder such as ulcerative colitis.
Diarrhea accounts for as many as 3% of pediatric office visits and 10% of hospitalizations for patients younger than age 5. Each year, gastroenteritis affects every adult and accounts for 8 million physician visits and 250,000 hospitalizations. Traveler’s diarrhea affects 20% to 25% of people traveling from industrialized countries to developing countries.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Salmonella Gastroenteritis:
Epidemiology
(Pediatric Infectious Disease)
Salmonella has more than 2,000 serotypes. Although one can attempt to memorize
all of them, a more practical method is to divide salmonella into two basic
categories: invasive (enteric fever) and noninvasive (nontyphoidal). These
categories are different in transmission, presentation, and management.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Pediatric Infectious Disease, 2004
About prevalence and incidence statistics:
The term 'prevalence' of Viral gastroenteritis usually refers to the estimated population
of people who are managing Viral gastroenteritis at any given time.
The term 'incidence' of Viral gastroenteritis refers to the annual diagnosis rate,
or the number of new cases of Viral gastroenteritis diagnosed each year.
Hence, these two statistics types can differ:
a short-lived disease like flu can have high annual incidence but low prevalence,
but a life-long disease like diabetes has a low annual incidence but high prevalence.
For more information see about prevalence and incidence statistics.
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