Diagnosis of West African Trypanosomiasis
West African Trypanosomiasis Diagnosis: Book Excerpts
Tests and diagnosis discussion for West African Trypanosomiasis:
See your health care
provider who will order several tests to look for the parasite. Common
tests include blood samples and a spinal tap. Your physician may also take
a sample of fluid from swollen lymph nodes. (Source: excerpt from West African Trypanosomiasis: DPD)
Diagnostic Tests for West African Trypanosomiasis: Online Medical Books
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SLEEP APNEA:
Ask the Following Questions:
(Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs)
- Is there excessive snoring? Excessive snoring would indicate obstructive sleep apnea from large tonsils, deviated nasal septum, cleft palate, other abnormalities, and obesity.
- Is there obesity? More than 60% of patients with sleep apnea have obesity, and pickwickian syndrome should be considered in these patients, as well as idiopathic obesity.
- Are there abnormalities of the neurologic examination? The presence of neurologic abnormalities should make one think of poliomyelitis, Shy-Drager syndrome, brain stem tumors, and other neurologic disorders.
DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP
The most important diagnostic test is an all-night polygraphic recording (polysomnography). This will differentiate between obstructive and nonobstructive sleep apnea. If obstructive sleep apnea is suspected, a referral should be made to an ear, nose, and throat specialist. If there are abnormalities on the neurologic examination, a neurologic consultation should be sought. If idiopathic nonobstructive sleep apnea is suspected, the patient should be referred to a pulmonologist. A therapeutic trial of continuous positive airway pressure may be done. Some cases should have evaluation for a pituitary tumor, a thyroid profile, and a trial of tricyclic drugs and progesterone.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Algorithmic Diagnosis of Symptoms and Signs, 2003
SLEEP APNEA:
Approach to the Diagnosis
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)
A thorough examination of the upper respiratory system is essential: It may be wise to get an otolaryngologist to do this. A CBC to rule out anemia and arterial blood gases to rule out anoxia and hypercarbia may be helpful. Spirometry, chest x-ray, ECG, and arm-to-tongue circulation time will help rule out pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders. Ultimately, overnight polysomnography will be required to secure the diagnosis. A pulmonologist or otolaryngologist ought to be consulted before ordering this expensive test.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care, 2007
Sleep Disorders:
Differential Overview
(Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis)
Insomnia
❑ Stress
❑ Drugs
❑ Medical disorders
❑ Phase shift
❑ Sleep apnea
❑ Conditioned insomnia
❑ Depression
❑ Restless leg syndrome
❑ Nocturnal myoclonus
❑ Nightmares
Hypersomnia
❑ Drugs
❑ Medical disorders
❑ Adolescence
❑ Narcolepsy
Diagnostic Approach
Insomnia may occur as difficulty falling asleep, multiple awakenings from sleep, or awakening early and being unable to fall back to sleep. If the presenting symptom is excessive daytime somnolence or fatigue, the problem may have to be reframed as one of insomnia.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Field Guide to Bedside Diagnosis, 2007
SLEEP APNEA:
Approach to the Diagnosis
(Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care)
A thorough examination of the upper respiratory system is essential: It
may be wise to get an otolaryngologist to do this. A CBC to rule out anemia
and arterial blood gases to rule out anoxia and hypercarbia may be helpful.
Spirometry, chest x-ray, echocardiogram (ECG), and arm-to-tongue circulation
time will help to rule out pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders.
Ultimately, overnight polysomnography will be required to secure the
diagnosis. A pulmonologist or otolaryngologist ought to be consulted before
ordering this expensive test.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Differential Diagnosis in Primary Care, 2007
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Signs of West African Trypanosomiasis
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