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Respiratory Failure

Respiratory Failure: Excerpt from A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis

Central Nervous System Disorders


Drug intoxication
   Sedatives
   Tranquilizers
   Analgesics
   Anesthetics
Vascular disorders, hypoperfusion states
   Intracranial infarction or bleeding (especially brainstem)
   Shock
Disorders of the central respiratory controller
   Primary alveolar hypoventilation
   Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Trauma
   Spinal cord injury
   Head injury
   Increased intracranial pressure
Infection
   Viral encephalitis
   Bulbar poliomyelitis
Miscellaneous
   Status epilepticus
   Myxedema

Neuromuscular Disorders


Peripheral nerve and anterior horn cell disorders
   Guillain-Barré syndrome
   Poliomyelitis
   Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Myoneural junction disorders
   Myasthenia gravis
   Tetanus
   Curarelike drugs
   Anticholinesterase drugs
Muscular disorders
   Muscle weakness due to, for example, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia
   Muscle fatigue
   Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
   Muscular dystrophies
   Myotonia

Chest Wall and Pleural Disorders


Kyphoscoliosis
Chest trauma
   Flail chest
   Multiple rib fractures
   Postthoracotomy
Pleural disorders
   Large pleural effusions
   Tension pneumothorax
   Massive fibrosis

Pulmonary Disorders


Airflow limitation, chronic
   Pulmonary emphysema
   Chronic bronchitis
   Asthma, especially status asthmaticus
Alveolar disorders
   Pneumonia
   Aspiration pneumonitis
   Pulmonary edema
       Elevated microvascular pressure
       Normal microvascular pressure (adult respiratory distress syndrome)
   Combined or unclear mechanisms
Airway obstruction, acute
   Foreign body
   Upper airway obstruction
   Epiglottitis
   Respiratory burns
   Noxious gases
   Bronchospasm, acute
Interstitial disorders
   Fibrosing alveolitis
   Interstitial fibrosis and other diffuse disorders
   Extensive neoplasm
Vascular disorders
   Pulmonary embolus (especially thrombus, fat)
   Obliterative vasculitis
       Primary pulmonary hypertension
       Scleroderma

References


1. Matthay MA, Hopewell PC: Critical Care for Acute Respiratory Failure, pp. 379–396. See Bibliography, 9.
2. Pontoppidan H, Geffin B, Lowenstein E: Acute Respiratory Failure. N Engl J Med   287:690, 743, 799, 1972.

Book Source Details

  • Book Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
  • Author(s): Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
  • Year of Publication: 1999
  • Copyright Details: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis, Copyright © 1999 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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Copyright notice for book excerpts: Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved.




More About This Book:
Title: A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Stephen N. Adler, Dianne B. Gasbarra
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Copyright: 1999
ISBN: 0-78171-943-7

 » Next page: Respiratory Acidosis (A Pocket Manual of Differential Diagnosis)

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