Treatments for Williams Syndrome
Treatments for Williams Syndrome
The list of treatments mentioned in various sources
for Williams Syndrome
includes the following list.
Always seek professional medical advice about any treatment
or change in treatment plans.
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Discussion of treatments for Williams Syndrome:
There is neither a cure for Williams syndrome nor a
standard course of treatment. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Individuals with Williams syndrome need regular monitoring for potential
medical problems by a physician familiar with the disorder, as well as
specialized services to maximize their potential.
(Source: excerpt from
NINDS Williams Syndrome Information Page: NINDS)
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Hypercalcemia:
Treatment
(In a Page: Signs and Symptoms)
- Patients are often dehydrated; repletion of blood volume with normal saline may correct calcium level
- Severe hypercalcemia (calcium >13 mg/dL or symptoms) requires immediate intervention
–IV rehydration with large volumes of normal saline
–Loop diuretics to prevent volume overload and to augment renal calcium excretion
–Bisphosphonates (e.g., IV pamidronate) inhibit bone resorption; full effect may not occur for 1–5 days
–Calcitonin and mithramycin decrease bone resorption by osteoclast inhibition (note that mithramycin is cytotoxic and causes renal toxicity)
–IV steroids may be used in vitamin D disorders, granulomatous diseases, and malignancy
–Correct other electrolyte abnormalities as necessary
-
Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism
-
Treat malignancy according to established protocols
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In a Page: Signs and Symptoms, 2004
Hypercalcemia:
Treatment
(In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms)
-
Treatment depends on severity and etiology
-
Keep well hydrated (orally) to prevent renal damage
-
FHH: No therapy required
-
If Ca <12 mg/dL and patient is asymptomatic: May delay treatment until cause is identified
-
If Ca 10.5–12 mg/dL patient is symptomatic: Begin treatment; if Ca >12 mg/dL: Treat immediately
-
Elements of therapy
–Hydration: IV 0.9% saline (2×maintenance)
–Calciuresis: IV Lasix (1 mg/kg/dose)
–Antiresorptive agents if hydration and diuretics are ineffective
-
PTH gland adenoma/hyperplasia
–Parathyroidectomy
-
Immobilization
–Low-calcium diet, avoidance of vitamin D, hydration
-
Discontinue drugs that increase serum calcium
-
Treatment of endocrine disorders
> >
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: In A Page: Pediatric Signs and Symptoms, 2007
Calcium imbalance:
Treatment
(Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition))
Treatment varies and requires correction of the acute imbalance, followed by maintenance therapy and correction of the underlying cause. Mild hypocalcemia may require nothing more than an adjustment in diet to allow adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, and protein, possibly with oral calcium supplements. Acute hypocalcemia is an emergency that needs immediate correction by I.V. administration of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride. Chronic hypocalcemia also requires vitamin D supplements to facilitate GI absorption of calcium. To correct mild deficiency states, the amounts of vitamin D in most multivitamin preparations are adequate. For severe deficiency, vitamin D is used in four forms: ergocalciferol (vitamin D 2), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), calcitriol, and dihydrotachysterol, a synthetic form of vitamin D2.
Treatment of hypercalcemia primarily eliminates excess serum calcium through hydration with normal saline solution, which promotes calcium excretion in the urine. Loop diuretics, such as ethacrynic acid and furosemide, also promote calcium excretion. (Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in hypercalcemia because they inhibit calcium excretion.) Corticosteroids, such as prednisone and hydrocortisone, are helpful in treating sarcoidosis, hypervitaminosis D, and certain tumors. Plicamycin can also lower serum calcium levels and is especially effective against hypercalcemia secondary to certain tumors. Calcitonin may also be helpful in certain instances. Sodium phosphate solution administered orally or by retention enema promotes calcium deposition in bone and inhibits its absorption from the GI tract.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Professional Guide to Diseases (Eighth Edition), 2005
Calcium imbalance:
Treatment
(Handbook of Diseases)
An acute imbalance requires immediate correction, followed by maintenance therapy and correction of the underlying cause.
Hypocalcemia
A mild calcium deficit may require nothing more than an adjustment in diet to allow adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, and protein, possibly with oral calcium supplements. Acute hypocalcemia is an emergency that needs immediate correction by I.V. administration of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride.
Chronic hypocalcemia also requires vitamin D supplements to facilitate GI absorption of calcium. Although the amount of vitamin D in most multivitamin preparations is adequate to correct a mild deficiency, different forms of vitamin D are used for severe deficiency, including ergocalciferol (vitamin D2), cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), calcitriol, and dihydrotachysterol, a synthetic form of vitamin D2.
Hypercalcemia
Treatment of hypercalcemia primarily eliminates excess serum calcium through hydration with normal saline solution, which promotes calcium excretion in urine. Loop diuretics, such as ethacrynic acid and furosemide, also promote calcium excretion. (Because thiazide diuretics inhibit calcium excretion, they’re contraindicated in hypercalcemic patients.)
Corticosteroids, such as prednisone and hydrocortisone, are helpful in treating sarcoidosis, hypervitaminosis D, and certain tumors. Plicamycin can lower the serum calcium level and is especially effective against hypercalcemia secondary to certain tumors. Calcitonin may also be helpful in certain instances.
Sodium phosphate solution administered by mouth or by retention enema promotes calcium deposits in bone and inhibits its absorption from the GI tract.
» READ BOOK EXCERPT ONLINE »
Source: Handbook of Diseases, 2003
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